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Zhou L, Chang G, Shen C, Teng W, He X, Zhao X, Jing Y, Huang Z, Tong Y. Functional divergences of natural variations of TaNAM-A1 in controlling leaf senescence during wheat grain filling. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:1242-1260. [PMID: 38656698 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is an essential physiological process related to grain yield potential and nutritional quality. Green leaf duration (GLD) after anthesis directly reflects the leaf senescence process and exhibits large genotypic differences in common wheat; however, the underlying gene regulatory mechanism is still lacking. Here, we identified TaNAM-A1 as the causal gene of the major loci qGLD-6A for GLD during grain filling by map-based cloning. Transgenic assays and TILLING mutant analyses demonstrated that TaNAM-A1 played a critical role in regulating leaf senescence, and also affected spike length and grain size. Furthermore, the functional divergences among the three haplotypes of TaNAM-A1 were systematically evaluated. Wheat varieties with TaNAM-A1d (containing two mutations in the coding DNA sequence of TaNAM-A1) exhibited a longer GLD and superior yield-related traits compared to those with the wild type TaNAM-A1a. All three haplotypes were functional in activating the expression of genes involved in macromolecule degradation and mineral nutrient remobilization, with TaNAM-A1a showing the strongest activity and TaNAM-A1d the weakest. TaNAM-A1 also modulated the expression of the senescence-related transcription factors TaNAC-S-7A and TaNAC016-3A. TaNAC016-3A enhanced the transcriptional activation ability of TaNAM-A1a by protein-protein interaction, thereby promoting the senescence process. Our study offers new insights into the fine-tuning of the leaf functional period and grain yield formation for wheat breeding under various geographical climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longxi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Guowei Chang
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Chuncai Shen
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wan Teng
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xue He
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xueqiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yanfu Jing
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhixiong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yiping Tong
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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Dawe RK, Gent JI, Zeng Y, Zhang H, Fu FF, Swentowsky KW, Kim DW, Wang N, Liu J, Piri RD. Synthetic maize centromeres transmit chromosomes across generations. NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:433-441. [PMID: 36928774 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01370-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Centromeres are long, often repetitive regions of genomes that bind kinetochore proteins and ensure normal chromosome segregation. Engineering centromeres that function in vivo has proven to be difficult. Here we describe a tethering approach that activates functional maize centromeres at synthetic sequence arrays. A LexA-CENH3 fusion protein was used to recruit native Centromeric Histone H3 (CENH3) to long arrays of LexO repeats on a chromosome arm. Newly recruited CENH3 was sufficient to organize functional kinetochores that caused chromosome breakage, releasing chromosome fragments that were passed through meiosis and into progeny. Several fragments formed independent neochromosomes with centromeres localized over the LexO repeat arrays. The new centromeres were self-sustaining and transmitted neochromosomes to subsequent generations in the absence of the LexA-CENH3 activator. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of using synthetic centromeres for karyotype engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kelly Dawe
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Jonathan I Gent
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Yibing Zeng
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Fang-Fang Fu
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Dong Won Kim
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianing Liu
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Rebecca D Piri
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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3
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Cold inducible promoter driven Cre-lox system proved to be highly efficient for marker gene excision in transgenic barley. J Biotechnol 2017; 265:15-24. [PMID: 29103986 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A Cre-lox based auto-excision strategy has been adapted for barley, capable of cre and selectable marker gene (SMG) removal. The cold inducible wheat promoter called wcs120 was utilised for driving Cre expression. The binary vector was carrying the transgene (uidA) and a so called 'recombination cassette' flanked by the lox sequences. This part included both the recombinase gene and the SMG (bar) under the control of a constitutive promoter. T0, T1 and T2 transgenic plants were subjected to low temperature (at 4°C, 10°C and 12°C) at different developmental stages to induce recombination. The presence of uidA, cre, and bar genes and recombination footprints were studied by PCR and DNA sequencing, while cre transcription was followed by qRT-PCR. These analyses indicated that, cold treatment of the germinating seeds (4°C for 3days) followed by plant growing at higher temperature (24°C) has been the most efficient (90-100%), and this treatment lead to heritable changes in the genome. Thermal separation of Cre accumulation (at low temperature) from Cre enzyme activity (at higher temperature) could have prevented the premature excision of its own encoding gene, and lead to high expression level thereby increasing recombination frequency.
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Li Y, Liu X, Li J, Li S, Chen G, Zhou X, Yang W, Chen R. Isolation of a maize ZmCI-1B promoter and characterization of its activity in transgenic maize and tobacco. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2015; 34:1443-57. [PMID: 25941157 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-015-1799-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The 2-kb ZmCI - 1B promoter is active in the root and embryo and induced by wounding in maize and the 220-bp 5'-deleted segment maybe the minimal promoter. The subtilisin-chymotrypsin inhibitor gene, CI-1B of Zea mays (ZmCI-1B), has been suggested to induce the maize defense system to resist insect attack. Real-time RT-PCR showed that ZmCI-1B gene exhibited especially high expression in roots and embryos. The 2-kb full-length promoter of ZmCI-1B gene was isolated from the maize genome and used to drive expression of a beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene for transient expression and stable expression analysis in maize. The results of GUS histochemical staining in transgenic maize plants revealed that the ZmCI-1B promoter induced GUS expression preferentially in roots and embryos and in response to wounding. A series of 5'-deleted segments of the ZmCI-1B promoter were cloned individually to drive GUS expression for further analysis. Deletion analysis combined with the histochemical staining of transgenic tobacco plants revealed 220-bp segment could drive GUS in a tissue-specific and wounding-induced expression in tobacco; thus, it maybe the minimally active promoter of ZmCI-1B gene. Furthermore, it revealed that the ZmCI-1B promoter contained tissue-specific and wounding-induced elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Li
- Department of Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 ZhongGuanCun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
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Abumhadi N, Kamenarova K, Todorovska E, Dimov G, Takumi S, Nakamura C, Anzai H, Atanassov A. Effects of Three Promoters in Barley Transformation by Particle Bombardment of Mature and Immature Embryos. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2005.10817155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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6
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Edible Rabies Vaccines. COMMERCIAL PLANT-PRODUCED RECOMBINANT PROTEIN PRODUCTS 2014. [PMCID: PMC7120656 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-43836-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Rabies has been one of the most feared diseases throughout history. Human rabies remains an important public health problem in many developing countries. The WHO reports that more than 55,000 people die of this disease every year. Most of these cases occur in developing countries. In most Latin American countries, the major reservoirs of rabies are the dog and the hematophagous bat (Desmodus rotundus), which is present in the tropical and subtropical areas from Northern Mexico to Northern Argentina and Chile and transmits the disease to cattle. One of the better options for controlling rabies is vaccination. The expression of rabies virus G protein in different plant systems for developing an oral rabies vaccine could reduce costs of production and distribution and would be convenient for developing countries where the disease is endemic.
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Zhang J, Hao Q, Bai L, Xu J, Yin W, Song L, Xu L, Guo X, Fan C, Chen Y, Ruan J, Hao S, Li Y, Wang RRC, Hu Z. Overexpression of the soybean transcription factor GmDof4 significantly enhances the lipid content of Chlorella ellipsoidea. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2014; 7:128. [PMID: 25246944 PMCID: PMC4159510 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-014-0128-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lipid content of microalgae is regarded as an important indicator for biodiesel. Many attempts have been made to increase the lipid content of microalgae through biochemical and genetic engineering. Significant lipid accumulation in microalgae has been achieved using biochemical engineering, such as nitrogen starvation, but the cell growth was severely limited. However, enrichment of lipid content in microalgae by genetic engineering is anticipated. In this study, GmDof4 from soybean (Glycine max), a transcription factor affecting the lipid content in Arabidopsis, was transferred into Chlorella ellipsoidea. We then investigated the molecular mechanism underlying the enhancement of the lipid content of transformed C. ellipsoidea. RESULTS We constructed a plant expression vector, pGmDof4, and transformed GmDof4 into C. ellipsoidea by electroporation. The resulting expression of GmDof4 significantly enhanced the lipid content by 46.4 to 52.9%, but did not affect the growth rate of the host cells under mixotrophic culture conditions. Transcriptome profiles indicated that 1,076 transcripts were differentially regulated: of these, 754 genes were significantly upregulated and 322 genes were significantly downregulated in the transgenic strains under mixotrophic culture conditions. There are 22 significantly regulated genes (|log2 ratio| >1) involved in lipid and fatty acid metabolism. Quantitative real-time PCR and an enzyme activity assay revealed that GmDof4 significantly up-regulated the gene expression and enzyme activity of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase, a key enzyme for fatty acid synthesis, in transgenic C. ellipsoidea cells. CONCLUSIONS The hetero-expression of a transcription factor GmDof4 gene from soybean can significantly increase the lipid content but not affect the growth rate of C. ellipsoidea under mixotrophic culture conditions. The increase in lipid content could be attributed to the large number of genes with regulated expression. In particular, the acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase gene expression and enzyme activity were significantly upregulated in the transgenic cells. Our research provides a new way to increase the lipid content of microalgae by introducing a specific transcription factor to microalgae strains that can be used for the biofuel and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Zhang
- />Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Qiang Hao
- />Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101 China
- />College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Lili Bai
- />Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Jin Xu
- />Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beichen West Road #1, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Weibo Yin
- />Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Liying Song
- />Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Ling Xu
- />Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Xuejie Guo
- />Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Chengming Fan
- />Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Yuhong Chen
- />Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Jue Ruan
- />Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beichen West Road #1, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Shanting Hao
- />Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Yuanguang Li
- />State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road #130, Shanghai, 200237 China
| | - Richard R-C Wang
- />USDA-ARS, FRRL, Utah State University, 695 N. 1100 E., Logan, UT 84322-6300 USA
| | - Zanmin Hu
- />Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101 China
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8
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Bai LL, Yin WB, Chen YH, Niu LL, Sun YR, Zhao SM, Yang FQ, Wang RRC, Wu Q, Zhang XQ, Hu ZM. A new strategy to produce a defensin: stable production of mutated NP-1 in nitrate reductase-deficient Chlorella ellipsoidea. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54966. [PMID: 23383016 PMCID: PMC3557228 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Defensins are small cationic peptides that could be used as the potential substitute for antibiotics. However, there is no efficient method for producing defensins. In this study, we developed a new strategy to produce defensin in nitrate reductase (NR)-deficient C. ellipsoidea (nrm-4). We constructed a plant expression vector carrying mutated NP-1 gene (mNP-1), a mature α-defensin NP-1 gene from rabbit with an additional initiator codon in the 5′-terminus, in which the selection markers were NptII and NR genes. We transferred mNP-1 into nrm-4 using electroporation and obtained many transgenic lines with high efficiency under selection chemicals G418 and NaNO3. The mNP-1 was characterized using N-terminal sequencing after being isolated from transgenic lines. Excitingly, mNP-1 was produced at high levels (approximately 11.42 mg/l) even after 15 generations of continuous fermentation. In addition, mNP-1 had strong activity against Escherichia coli at 5 µg/ml. This research developed a new method for producing defensins using genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Bai
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei-Bo Yin
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Hong Chen
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Li Niu
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong-Ru Sun
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shi-Min Zhao
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fu-Quan Yang
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Richard R.-C. Wang
- USDA-ARS, FRRL, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
| | - Qing Wu
- Polo Biology Science Park Co., Ltd., Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Qi Zhang
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zan-Min Hu
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Genetic engineering of millets: current status and future prospects. Biotechnol Lett 2009; 31:779-88. [PMID: 19205896 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-009-9933-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2008] [Revised: 01/20/2009] [Accepted: 01/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes progress on the genetic transformation of millets and discusses the future prospects for the development of improved varieties. Only a limited number of studies have been carried out on genetic improvement of millets despite their nutritional importance in supplying minerals, calories and protein. Most genetic transformation studies of millets have been restricted to pearl millet and bahiagrass and most studies have been limited to the assessment of reporter and marker gene expression. Biolistic-mediated gene delivery has been frequently used for the transformation of millets but Agrobacterium-mediated transformation is still lagging. Improved transformation of millets, allied to relevant gene targets which may offer, for example, improved nutritional quality, resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses, and resistance to fungal infection will play important roles in millet improvement.
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10
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Vasil IK. Molecular genetic improvement of cereals: transgenic wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). PLANT CELL REPORTS 2007; 26:1133-54. [PMID: 17431631 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-007-0338-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2007] [Revised: 02/26/2007] [Accepted: 02/27/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Only modest progress has been made in the molecular genetic improvement of wheat following the production of the first transgenic plants in 1992, made possible by the development of efficient, long-term regenerable embryogenic cultures derived from immature embryos and use of the biolistics method for the direct delivery of DNA into regenerable cells. Transgenic lines expressing genes that confer resistance to environmentally friendly non-selective herbicides, and pests and pathogens have been produced, in addition to lines with improved bread-making and nutritional qualities; some of these are ready for commercial production. Reduction of losses caused by weeds, pests and pathogens in such plants not only indirectly increases available arable land and fresh water supplies, but also conserves energy and natural resources. Nevertheless, the work carried out thus far can be considered only the beginning, as many difficult tasks lie ahead and much remains to be done. The challenge now is to produce higher-yielding varieties that are more nutritious, and are resistant or tolerant to a wide variety of biotic as well as abiotic stresses (especially drought, salinity, heavy metal toxicity) that currently cause substantial losses in productivity. How well we will meet this challenge for wheat, and indeed for other cereal and non-cereal crops, will depend largely on establishing collaborative partnerships between breeders, molecular biologists, biotechnologists and industry, and on how effectively they make use of the knowledge and insights gained from basic studies in plant biology and genetics, the sequencing of plant/cereal genomes, the discovery of synteny in cereals, and the availability of DNA-based markers and increasingly detailed chromosomal maps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indra K Vasil
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0690, USA.
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11
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Latha AM, Rao KV, Reddy TP, Reddy VD. Development of transgenic pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) plants resistant to downy mildew. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2006; 25:927-35. [PMID: 16607531 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-006-0141-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2005] [Revised: 02/02/2006] [Accepted: 02/07/2006] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic pearl millet lines expressing pin gene--exhibiting high resistance to downy mildew pathogen, Sclerospora graminicola--were produced using particle-inflow-gun (PIG) method. Shoot-tip-derived embryogenic calli were co-bombarded with plasmids containing pin and bar genes driven by CaMV 35S promoter. Bombarded calli were cultured on MS medium with phosphinothricin as a selection agent. Primary transformants 1T(0), 2T(0), and 3T(0) showed the presence of both bar and pin coding sequences as evidenced by PCR and Southern blot analysis, respectively. T(1) progenies of three primary transformants, when evaluated for downy mildew resistance, segregated into resistant and susceptible phenotypes. T(1) plants resistant to downy mildew invariably exhibited tolerance to Basta suggesting co-segregation of pin and bar genes. Further, the downy mildew resistant 1T(1) plants were found positive for pin gene in Southern and Northern analyses thereby confirming stable integration, expression, and transmission of pin gene. 1T(2) progenies of 1T(0) conformed to dihybrid segregation of 15 resistant:1 susceptible plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Madhavi Latha
- Centre for Plant Molecular Biology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 500007 Andhra Pradesh, India
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12
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Kumar J, Shukla SM, Bhat V, Gupta S, Gupta MG. In vitro plant regeneration and genetic transformation of Dichanthium annulatum. DNA Cell Biol 2005; 24:670-9. [PMID: 16274291 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2005.24.670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimization of in vitro plant regeneration and genetic transformation of apomictic species such as Dichanthium annulatum would enable transfer of desirable genes. Seven genotypes of this grass species were screened through mature seed explant for embryogenic callus induction, callus growth and quality (color and texture), and shoot induction. Genotype IG-1999, which produced highly embryogenic, rapidly growing good-quality callus capable of regenerating at a high frequency, was selected for transformation experiments. Using a binary vector (pCAMBIA1305), frequency of GUS expression was compared between two methods of transformation. Bombardment of embryogenic calli with gold particles coated with pCAMBIA1305 at a distance of 11 cm, pressure of 4 bars, and vacuum of 27 Hg passing through 100 muM mesh produced maximum GUS expression (23%). Agrobacterium infection was maximum at an optical density of 2.0 when cocultured under vacuum for 15 min and cocultivated for 3 days at 28 degrees C in constant dark on MS medium of pH 5.8 with 3 mg/l 2,4-D, and 400 muM acetosyringone. Among two binary vectors used for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, pCAMBIA1301 showed higher frequency of GUS expression while pCAMBIA1305 recorded more of the GUS spots per callus. Supplementation of acetosyringone in the cocultivation medium was found indispensable for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Injuring the calli through gold particle bombardment before their cocultivation with Agrobacterium improved the transformation efficiency. Several transgenic plants were developed using the PIG method, while stable GUS-expressing calli were multiplied during selection on MS medium containing 250 mg/l cefotaxime and 50 mg/l hygromycin, incubated in constant dark. A highly significant difference was observed between two methods of transformation for both frequency of GUS expression and GUS spots per callus. PIG-mediated transformation resulted in higher GUS expression compared to the Agrobacterium method. These results demonstrate that Dichanthium annulatum is amenable to Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation using a binary vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Kumar
- Behind the Central Hotel, Tandon Compound, Civil Lines, Sipri, Jhansi, U.P., India
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13
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Southgate EM, Davey MR, Power JB, Marchant R. Factors affecting the genetic engineering of plants by microprojectile bombardment. Biotechnol Adv 2003; 13:631-51. [PMID: 14536367 DOI: 10.1016/0734-9750(95)02008-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Since its development in the mid-1980s, microprojectile bombardment has been widely employed as a method for direct gene transfer into a wide range of plants, including the previously difficult-to-transform monocotyledonous species. Although the numerous instruments available for microprojectile-mediated gene delivery and their applications have been widely discussed, less attention has been paid to the critical factors which affect the efficiency of this method of gene delivery. In this review we do not wish to describe the array of devices used for microprojectile delivery or their uses which have already been definitively described, but instead wish to report on research developments investigating the factors which affect microprojectile-mediated transformation of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Southgate
- Plant Genetic Manipulation Group, Department of Life Science, University of Nottingham, UK
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14
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Yang SH, Moran DL, Jia HW, Bicar EH, Lee M, Scott MP. Expression of a synthetic porcine alpha-lactalbumin gene in the kernels of transgenic maize. Transgenic Res 2002; 11:11-20. [PMID: 11874099 DOI: 10.1023/a:1013996129125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The main nutritional limitation of maize used for feed is the content of protein that is digestible, bioavailable and contains an amino acid balance that matches the requirements of animals. In contrast, milk protein has good digestibility, bioavailability and amino acid balance. As an initial effort to create maize optimized as a source of swine nutrition, a codon-adjusted version of a gene encoding the milk protein porcine alpha-lactalbumin was synthesized. Maize expression vectors containing this gene under the control of the Ubi-1 promoter and nos 3' terminator were constructed. These vectors were used to transform maize callus lines that were regenerated into fertile plants. The alpha-lactalbumin transgenes were transmitted through meiosis to the sexual progeny of the regenerated plants. Porcine alpha-lactalbumin was detected in callus and kernels from transgenic maize lines that were transformed by two constructs containing the 27-kDa maize gamma-zein signal sequence at the 5' end of the synthetic porcine alpha-lactalbumin coding sequence. One of these constructs contained an ER retention signal and the other did not. Expression was not observed in kernels or callus from transgenic maize lines that were transformed by a construct that does not contain an exogenous protein-targeting signal. This suggests that the signal peptide might play an important role in porcine alpha-lactalbumin accumulation in transgenic maize kernels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk-Hwan Yang
- Interdepartmental Genetics Program, Iowa State University, USA
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Casas AM, Kononowicz AK, Bressan RA, Hasegawa PM. Cereal transformation through particle bombardment. PLANT BREEDING REVIEWS 2001; 13:235-64. [PMID: 11543586 DOI: 10.1002/9780470650059.ch7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A M Casas
- Laboratorio Asociado de Agronomia y Medio Ambiente (DGA-CSIC), Estacion Experimental de Aula Dei, Zaragoza, Spain
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16
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Bourdon V, Harvey A, Lonsdale DM. Introns and their positions affect the translational activity of mRNA in plant cells. EMBO Rep 2001; 2:394-8. [PMID: 11375930 PMCID: PMC1083884 DOI: 10.1093/embo-reports/kve090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2000] [Revised: 12/12/2000] [Accepted: 03/01/2001] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In an attempt to further increase transgene expression levels in plants over and above the enhancement obtained with a 5' untranslated leader intron, three different maize introns were inserted at three different positions within the coding sequence of the luciferase reporter gene. Constructs were transformed into maize (Black Mexican Sweet) cells and protoplasts, and their activity determined. Although all introns tested were correctly spliced, only one of them in a particular position was able to enhance gene expression. Correct splicing sites were used for intron removal and the quantity of luciferase mRNA produced did not differ significantly. These data indicate that both the position and the sequence of an intron have marked effects on expression levels, suggesting that nuclear processing of the pre-mRNA determines final expression levels through the structure of the mRNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Bourdon
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.
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17
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Weselake RJ, Taylor DC. The study of storage lipid biosynthesis using microspore-derived cultures of oil seed rape. Prog Lipid Res 1999; 38:401-60. [PMID: 10793890 DOI: 10.1016/s0163-7827(99)00011-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R J Weselake
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada.
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18
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Vasil IK, Vasil V. Transgenic Cereals: Triticum aestivum (wheat). MOLECULAR IMPROVEMENT OF CEREAL CROPS 1999. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-4802-3_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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19
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Chowdhury MKU, Parveez GKA, Saleh NM. Evaluation of five promoters for use in transformation of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). PLANT CELL REPORTS 1997; 16:277-281. [PMID: 30727662 DOI: 10.1007/bf01088280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/1996] [Revised: 08/07/1996] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of GUS (β-Glucuronidase) gene expression in embryogenic callus and young leaflets of mature and seedling palm after microprojectile bombardment with five constructs (pEmuGN, pAHC25, pAct1-F4, pGH24 and pBARGUS) was evaluated to identify the most suitable promoter(s) to use in transformation attempts in oil palm. Expression of the GUS gene driven by theEmu, Ubi1, Act1 35S orAdh1 was assayed, both histochemically and fluorometrically, from a total of 200 plates of tissues in eight independent experiments two days after bombardment. A completely randomized experimental design was used for each experiment, and the data analysed by ANOVA and Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The expression level of GUS driven by theEmu orUbi1 promoters was significantly higher than that of the Act], 35S and Adhl promoters in many experiments, and that of theAdhl was significantly lower than those of the other four promoters. Both histochemical and fluorometric data indicate that in embryogenic callus, the expression of theEmu promoter was higher than that of theUbi1 whereas in young leaflets from mature palm the Ubi1 expression was stronger. The performances of the five promoters were also tested in tobacco callus using a fluorometric GUS assay. The activity of the 35S promoter was highest, and significantly different from that of all the other promoters except theEmu, and that of theAct1 promoter was lowest. These results indicate that either theUbil orEmu promoter should facilitate the expression of desired genes in oil palm and aid in development of an efficient stable transformation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K U Chowdhury
- Plant Science and Biotechnology Unit, Biology Division, Palm Oil Research Institute of Malaysia, P.O. Box 10620, 50720, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ghulam Kadir A Parveez
- Plant Science and Biotechnology Unit, Biology Division, Palm Oil Research Institute of Malaysia, P.O. Box 10620, 50720, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norihan M Saleh
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, Universiti Pertanian Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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20
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Altpeter F, Vasil V, Srivastava V, Vasil IK. Integration and expression of the high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit 1Ax1 gene into wheat. Nat Biotechnol 1996; 14:1155-9. [PMID: 9631070 DOI: 10.1038/nbt0996-1155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The unique bread-making characteristic of wheat flour is closely related to the elasticity and extensibility of the gluten proteins stored in the starchy endosperm, particularly the high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS), which are important in determining gluten and dough elasticity. The quality of wheat cultivars depends on the number and composition of the HMW-GS present. We have introduced the HMW-GS 1Ax1 gene, known to be associated with good bread-making quality, into the Bob White cultivar of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), in which it is not present in nature, by the biolistic bombardment of cultured immature embryos. Of the 21 independent transformed lines selected, 20 expressed the selectable bar gene, and nine the 1Ax1 gene. The amount of HMW-GS 1Ax1 protein produced in the different transgenic lines varied from 0.6% to 2.3% of the total protein, resulting in an increase of up to 71% in total HMW-GS proteins. The transgenic plants were normal, fertile, and showed Mendelian segregation of the transgenes. The accumulation of HMW-GS 1Ax1 was consistent and stable up to the R3 seed generation. These results demonstrate that it is possible to manipulate both the quantity and quality of HMW-GS, which influence the bread-making quality of wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Altpeter
- Laboratory of Plant Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611-0690, USA
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21
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Christensen AH, Quail PH. Ubiquitin promoter-based vectors for high-level expression of selectable and/or screenable marker genes in monocotyledonous plants. Transgenic Res 1996; 5:213-8. [PMID: 8673150 DOI: 10.1007/bf01969712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 612] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A set of plasmids has been constructed utilizing the promoter, 5' untranslated exon, and first intron of the maize ubiquitin (Ubi-1) gene to drive expression of protein coding sequences of choice. Plasmids containing chimaeric genes for ubiquitin-luciferase (Ubi-Luc), ubiquitin-beta-glucuronidase (Ubi-GUS), and ubiquitin-phosphinothricin acetyl transferase (Ubi-bar) have been generated, as well as a construct containing chimaeric genes for both Ubi-GUS and Ubi-bar in a single plasmid. Another construct was generated to allow cloning of protein coding sequences of choice on Bam HI and Bam HI-compatible restriction fragments downstream of the Ubi-1 gene fragment. Because the Ubi-1 promoter has been shown to be highly active in monocots, these constructs may be useful for generating high-level gene expression of selectable markers to facilitate efficient transformation of monocots, to drive expression of reference reporter genes in studies of gene expression, and to provide expression of biotechnologically important protein products in transgenic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Christensen
- Dept. of Plant Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720, USA
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22
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Palmer CE, Keller WA, Arnison PG. Utilization of Brassica haploids. IN VITRO HAPLOID PRODUCTION IN HIGHER PLANTS 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-1858-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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23
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Wilmink A, van de Ven BC, Dons JJ. Activity of constitutive promoters in various species from the Liliaceae. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1995; 28:949-55. [PMID: 7640366 DOI: 10.1007/bf00042079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we first review literature on the performance of various promoters in monocotyledonous species. In general, promoters isolated from monocots show a higher activity in monocot species. Moreover, the presence of an intron between the promoter and reporter gene increases transcription levels. We used the same approach to study gene expression in Liliaceae. The activities of the CaMV 35S, maize Adh1-based pEmu, rice Act1 and maize Ubi promoters, coupled to the beta-glucuronidase (gus) reporter gene, were evaluated for transient gene expression upon particle bombardment of tissues of tobacco, rice, tulip, lily and leek. Although monocot promoters performed very well in rice tissues, the results of this study show that this cannot be generalized for other monocot species. The transcription inducing effects of monocot promoters were less pronounced or even absent in tissues of Liliaceae, while the presence of an intron between promoter and gus gene reduced promoter activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wilmink
- Department of Developmental Biology, Centre for Plant Breeding and Reproduction Research (CPRO-DLO), Wageningen, Netherlands
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Sági L, Panis B, Remy S, Schoofs H, De Smet K, Swennen R, Cammue BP. Genetic transformation of banana and plantain (Musa spp.) via particle bombardment. BIO/TECHNOLOGY (NATURE PUBLISHING COMPANY) 1995; 13:481-5. [PMID: 9634789 DOI: 10.1038/nbt0595-481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a simple protocol to allow the production of transgenic banana plants. Foreign genes were delivered into embryogenic suspension cells using accelerated particles coated with DNA. Bombardment parameters were optimized for a modified particle gun resulting in high levels of transient expression of the beta-glucuronidase gene in both banana and plantain cells. Bombarded banana cells were selected with hygromycin and regenerated into plants. Molecular and histochemical characterization of transformants revealed the stable integration of the transferred genes into the banana genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sági
- Laboratory of Tropical Crop Husbandry, Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium.
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25
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- I K Vasil
- Laboratory of Plant Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611-0690
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27
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Rapid Production of Transgenic Wheat Plants by Direct Bombardment of Cultured Immature Embryos. Nat Biotechnol 1993. [DOI: 10.1038/nbt1293-1553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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