1
|
Xun Z, Guo X, Li Y, Wen X, Wang C, Wang Y. Quantitative proteomics analysis of tomato growth inhibition by ammonium nitrogen. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 154:129-141. [PMID: 32559517 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
As a single nitrogen source, ammonium (NH4+) can inhibit the growth of plants, especially when applied in excess. Tandem mass tag (TMT) quantitative proteomics technology was employed in the current study to explore and analyze the mechanisms of ammonium-induced inhibition. F1 tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) was used in this study. Seedlings at the four leaf-stages grown in a greenhouse were irrigated using nutrient solution with NH4+-N as single nitrogen source (15 mmol L-1, single NO3--N as control) for 5 weeks. Compared to the control, the root biomass of NH4+-N-treated seedlings decreased by 50%. In addition, NH4+ content in roots was 2.83-fold increased and soluble sugar and protein contents were increased. However, the starch content did not change significantly. The activities of glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthetase (GOGAT) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), which are involved in ammonium assimilation, were increased, and glutamine (Gln) content was also increased. However, glutamate (Glu) content, which is important for amino transfer, did not significantly increase. Ammonium assimilation was inhibited. Root quantitative proteomics showed that carbonic anhydrase Q5NE21 was significantly downregulated. Although K4BPV5 and K4D9J3 proteins, which improve ammonium assimilation, were upregulated, ammonium assimilation was limited. In addition, NH4+ accumulated, which is likely due to Q5NE21 downregulation. Meanwhile, cell wall metabolism related to phenylpropanoid biosynthesis was altered due to the accumulation of NH4+ levels. Subsequently, tomato root growth was inhibited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Xun
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Guo
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, 030000, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaling Li
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiangzhen Wen
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanqi Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vega-Mas I, Marino D, Sánchez-Zabala J, González-Murua C, Estavillo JM, González-Moro MB. CO2 enrichment modulates ammonium nutrition in tomato adjusting carbon and nitrogen metabolism to stomatal conductance. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 241:32-44. [PMID: 26706056 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Ammonium (NH4(+)) toxicity typically occurs in plants exposed to high environmental NH4(+) concentration. NH4(+) assimilating capacity may act as a biochemical mechanism avoiding its toxic accumulation but requires a fine tuning between nitrogen assimilating enzymes and carbon anaplerotic routes. In this work, we hypothesized that extra C supply, exposing tomato plants cv. Agora Hybrid F1 to elevated atmospheric CO2, could improve photosynthetic process and thus ameliorate NH4(+) assimilation and tolerance. Plants were grown under nitrate (NO3(-)) or NH4(+) as N source (5-15mM), under two atmospheric CO2 levels, 400 and 800ppm. Growth and gas exchange parameters, (15)N isotopic signature, C and N metabolites and enzymatic activities were determined. Plants under 7.5mM N equally grew independently of the N source, while higher ammonium supply resulted toxic for growth. However, specific stomatal closure occurred in 7.5mM NH4(+)-fed plants under elevated CO2 improving water use efficiency (WUE) but compromising plant N status. Elevated CO2 annulled the induction of TCA anaplerotic enzymes observed at non-toxic NH4(+) nutrition under ambient CO2. Finally, CO2 enrichment benefited tomato growth under both nutritions, and although it did not alleviate tomato NH4(+) tolerance it did differentially regulate plant metabolism in N-source and -dose dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Izargi Vega-Mas
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Apdo. 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Daniel Marino
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Apdo. 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, E-48011 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Joseba Sánchez-Zabala
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Apdo. 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Carmen González-Murua
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Apdo. 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Jose María Estavillo
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Apdo. 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - María Begoña González-Moro
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Apdo. 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Aldous SH, Weise SE, Sharkey TD, Waldera-Lupa DM, Stühler K, Mallmann J, Groth G, Gowik U, Westhoff P, Arsova B. Evolution of the Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase Protein Kinase Family in C3 and C4 Flaveria spp. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 165:1076-1091. [PMID: 24850859 PMCID: PMC4081323 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.240283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The key enzyme for C4 photosynthesis, Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase (PEPC), evolved from nonphotosynthetic PEPC found in C3 ancestors. In all plants, PEPC is phosphorylated by Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase Protein Kinase (PPCK). However, differences in the phosphorylation pattern exist among plants with these photosynthetic types, and it is still not clear if they are due to interspecies differences or depend on photosynthetic type. The genus Flaveria contains closely related C3, C3-C4 intermediate, and C4 species, which are evolutionarily young and thus well suited for comparative analysis. To characterize the evolutionary differences in PPCK between plants with C3 and C4 photosynthesis, transcriptome libraries from nine Flaveria spp. were used, and a two-member PPCK family (PPCKA and PPCKB) was identified. Sequence analysis identified a number of C3- and C4-specific residues with various occurrences in the intermediates. Quantitative analysis of transcriptome data revealed that PPCKA and PPCKB exhibit inverse diel expression patterns and that C3 and C4 Flaveria spp. differ in the expression levels of these genes. PPCKA has maximal expression levels during the day, whereas PPCKB has maximal expression during the night. Phosphorylation patterns of PEPC varied among C3 and C4 Flaveria spp. too, with PEPC from the C4 species being predominantly phosphorylated throughout the day, while in the C3 species the phosphorylation level was maintained during the entire 24 h. Since C4 Flaveria spp. evolved from C3 ancestors, this work links the evolutionary changes in sequence, PPCK expression, and phosphorylation pattern to an evolutionary phase shift of kinase activity from a C3 to a C4 mode.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia H Aldous
- Institut für Entwicklungs- und Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen (S.H.A., J.M., U.G., P.W., B.A.), Molecular Proteomics Laboratory (D.M.W.-L., K.S.), and Biochemische Pflanzenphysiologie (G.G.), Heinrich-Heine-Universität, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany;Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (S.E.W., T.D.S.); andCluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, From Complex Traits towards Synthetic Modules, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany (K.S., G.G., U.G., P.W., B.A.)
| | - Sean E Weise
- Institut für Entwicklungs- und Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen (S.H.A., J.M., U.G., P.W., B.A.), Molecular Proteomics Laboratory (D.M.W.-L., K.S.), and Biochemische Pflanzenphysiologie (G.G.), Heinrich-Heine-Universität, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany;Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (S.E.W., T.D.S.); andCluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, From Complex Traits towards Synthetic Modules, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany (K.S., G.G., U.G., P.W., B.A.)
| | - Thomas D Sharkey
- Institut für Entwicklungs- und Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen (S.H.A., J.M., U.G., P.W., B.A.), Molecular Proteomics Laboratory (D.M.W.-L., K.S.), and Biochemische Pflanzenphysiologie (G.G.), Heinrich-Heine-Universität, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany;Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (S.E.W., T.D.S.); andCluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, From Complex Traits towards Synthetic Modules, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany (K.S., G.G., U.G., P.W., B.A.)
| | - Daniel M Waldera-Lupa
- Institut für Entwicklungs- und Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen (S.H.A., J.M., U.G., P.W., B.A.), Molecular Proteomics Laboratory (D.M.W.-L., K.S.), and Biochemische Pflanzenphysiologie (G.G.), Heinrich-Heine-Universität, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany;Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (S.E.W., T.D.S.); andCluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, From Complex Traits towards Synthetic Modules, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany (K.S., G.G., U.G., P.W., B.A.)
| | - Kai Stühler
- Institut für Entwicklungs- und Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen (S.H.A., J.M., U.G., P.W., B.A.), Molecular Proteomics Laboratory (D.M.W.-L., K.S.), and Biochemische Pflanzenphysiologie (G.G.), Heinrich-Heine-Universität, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany;Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (S.E.W., T.D.S.); andCluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, From Complex Traits towards Synthetic Modules, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany (K.S., G.G., U.G., P.W., B.A.)
| | - Julia Mallmann
- Institut für Entwicklungs- und Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen (S.H.A., J.M., U.G., P.W., B.A.), Molecular Proteomics Laboratory (D.M.W.-L., K.S.), and Biochemische Pflanzenphysiologie (G.G.), Heinrich-Heine-Universität, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany;Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (S.E.W., T.D.S.); andCluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, From Complex Traits towards Synthetic Modules, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany (K.S., G.G., U.G., P.W., B.A.)
| | - Georg Groth
- Institut für Entwicklungs- und Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen (S.H.A., J.M., U.G., P.W., B.A.), Molecular Proteomics Laboratory (D.M.W.-L., K.S.), and Biochemische Pflanzenphysiologie (G.G.), Heinrich-Heine-Universität, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany;Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (S.E.W., T.D.S.); andCluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, From Complex Traits towards Synthetic Modules, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany (K.S., G.G., U.G., P.W., B.A.)
| | - Udo Gowik
- Institut für Entwicklungs- und Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen (S.H.A., J.M., U.G., P.W., B.A.), Molecular Proteomics Laboratory (D.M.W.-L., K.S.), and Biochemische Pflanzenphysiologie (G.G.), Heinrich-Heine-Universität, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany;Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (S.E.W., T.D.S.); andCluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, From Complex Traits towards Synthetic Modules, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany (K.S., G.G., U.G., P.W., B.A.)
| | - Peter Westhoff
- Institut für Entwicklungs- und Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen (S.H.A., J.M., U.G., P.W., B.A.), Molecular Proteomics Laboratory (D.M.W.-L., K.S.), and Biochemische Pflanzenphysiologie (G.G.), Heinrich-Heine-Universität, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany;Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (S.E.W., T.D.S.); andCluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, From Complex Traits towards Synthetic Modules, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany (K.S., G.G., U.G., P.W., B.A.)
| | - Borjana Arsova
- Institut für Entwicklungs- und Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen (S.H.A., J.M., U.G., P.W., B.A.), Molecular Proteomics Laboratory (D.M.W.-L., K.S.), and Biochemische Pflanzenphysiologie (G.G.), Heinrich-Heine-Universität, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany;Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (S.E.W., T.D.S.); andCluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, From Complex Traits towards Synthetic Modules, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany (K.S., G.G., U.G., P.W., B.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Setién I, Vega-Mas I, Celestino N, Calleja-Cervantes ME, González-Murua C, Estavillo JM, González-Moro MB. Root phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and NAD-malic enzymes activity increase the ammonium-assimilating capacity in tomato. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 171:49-63. [PMID: 24484958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2013.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plant ammonium tolerance has been associated with the capacity to accumulate large amounts of ammonium in the root vacuoles, to maintain carbohydrate synthesis and especially with the capacity of maintaining high levels of inorganic nitrogen assimilation in the roots. The tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) is considered a cornerstone in nitrogen metabolism, since it provides carbon skeletons for nitrogen assimilation. The hypothesis of this work was that the induction of anaplerotic routes of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and malic enzyme (NAD-ME) would enhance tolerance to ammonium nutrition. An experiment was established with tomato plants (Agora Hybrid F1) grown under different ammonium concentrations. Growth parameters, metabolite contents and enzymatic activities related to nitrogen and carbon metabolism were determined. Unlike other tomato cultivars, tomato Agora Hybrid F1 proved to be tolerant to ammonium nutrition. Ammonium was assimilated as a biochemical detoxification mechanism, thus leading to the accumulation of Gln and Asn as free amino acids in both leaves and roots as an innocuous and transitory store of nitrogen, in addition to protein synthesis. When the concentration of ammonium in the nutrient solution was high, the cyclic operation of the TCA cycle seemed to be interrupted and would operate in two interconnected branches to provide α-ketoglutarate for ammonium assimilation: one branch supported by malate accumulation and by the induction of anaplerotic PEPC and NAD-ME in roots and MDH in leaves, and the other branch supported by stored citrate in the precedent dark period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Setién
- Dpto. Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad del País Vasco, UPV/EHU Apdo. 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Izargi Vega-Mas
- Dpto. Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad del País Vasco, UPV/EHU Apdo. 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Natalia Celestino
- Dpto. Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad del País Vasco, UPV/EHU Apdo. 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - María Eréndira Calleja-Cervantes
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, IdAB-CSIC-Universidad Pública de Navarra-Gobierno de Navarra, Campus de Arrosadía, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Carmen González-Murua
- Dpto. Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad del País Vasco, UPV/EHU Apdo. 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - José María Estavillo
- Dpto. Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad del País Vasco, UPV/EHU Apdo. 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li X, Wanek W, Nehls U, Popp M, Hampp R, Rennenberg H, Einig W. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in mistletoe leaves: Regulation of gene expression, protein content, and covalent modification. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2001; 112:343-352. [PMID: 11473691 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-3054.2001.1120307.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal changes in the activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase, EC 4.1.1.31), a key enzyme in the interaction of carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism, were studied in leaves of the C3 semiparasitic mistletoe, Viscum album, growing on different host trees. Maximum extractable PEPCase activities were higher in leaves of mistletoes growing on Betula pendula and Alnus glutinosa hosts compared with those on the conifers, Abies alba and Larix decidua. Independent of host, maximum extractable PEPCase activities were high in spring and autumn while low in summer. Samples with higher PEPCase activities showed higher amounts of PEPCase protein and higher PEPCase mRNA levels. A curvilinear correlation between leaf total nitrogen content and the maximum extractable PEPCase activity as well as PEPCase mRNA level suggested that nitrogen might affect the activity of PEPCase of mistletoe by up-regulating gene expression. In addition to extractable activity, seasonal changes of the PEPCase activation state, the ratio of activities resulting from limited:non-limited assays, were found, which was correlated to the variation of malate content in leaves of mistletoe. ATP-dependent activation of PEPCase was characterized by an increase in I0.5(L-malate), indicating that PEPCase of leaves of mistletoes is probably regulated via phosphorylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Li
- Lehrstuhl für Physiologische Ökologie der Pflanzen, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 1, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany; Institut für Ökologie und Naturschutz, Universität Wien, Althanstr. 14, POB 285, A-1091 Wien, Austria; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institut für Forstbotanik und Baumphysiologie, Professur für Baumphysiologie, Am Flughafen 17, D-79110 Freiburg i. Br., Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|