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Oliveira REMD, Attademo FLN, Sousa ACFCD, Gurgel JVDO, Magalhães MDS, Moura CEBD, Fragoso ABL, Silva FJDL, Oliveira MFD. Morphological characterization of the digestive tube of hawksbill sea turtle ( Eretmochelys imbricata) hatchlings. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2022; 28:1-12. [PMID: 36062377 DOI: 10.1017/s143192762201234x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Morphological studies concerning the digestive system can further information on animal diets, thus aiding in the understanding of feeding behavior. Given the scarcity of information on sea turtle digestive system morphology, the aim of the present study was to describe the digestive tube (DT) morphology of Eretmochelys imbricata hatchlings to further understand the diet of these individuals in the wild. DT samples from 10 stillborn turtles (undefined sex) were analyzed at the macro and microscopic levels. The esophagus, stomach, small intestine (SI), and large intestine (LI) are described. Histologically, the DT is formed by four tunics, the mucosa, submucosa, muscular, and adventitia or serosa. The esophagus is lined by keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, while the remainder of the DT is lined by a simple columnar epithelium. The esophagus mucosa is marked by conical, pointed papillae. The stomach comprises three regions, the cardiac, fundic, and pyloric and is covered by neutral mucous granular cells. The intestinal mucosa presents absorptive cells with microvilli, neutral and acidic goblet cells, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. The SI is significantly longer than the LI (p value = 0.006841). These morphological findings are strong indications of adaptations to a carnivorous diet in this hawksbill turtle age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radan Elvis Matias de Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, Federal University of the Semi-Arid Region, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte 59625-900, Brazil
- Center for Environmental Studies and Monitoring - CEMAM, Areia Branca, Rio Grande do Norte 59655-000, Brazil
- Cetáceos da Costa Branca Project, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte - PCCB-UERN, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte 59610-210, Brazil
| | | | | | - João Vitor de Oliveira Gurgel
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of the Semi-Arid Region, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte 59625-900, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Eduardo Bezerra de Moura
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, Federal University of the Semi-Arid Region, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte 59625-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Bernadete Lima Fragoso
- Center for Environmental Studies and Monitoring - CEMAM, Areia Branca, Rio Grande do Norte 59655-000, Brazil
- Cetáceos da Costa Branca Project, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte - PCCB-UERN, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte 59610-210, Brazil
| | - Flávio José de Lima Silva
- Center for Environmental Studies and Monitoring - CEMAM, Areia Branca, Rio Grande do Norte 59655-000, Brazil
- Cetáceos da Costa Branca Project, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte - PCCB-UERN, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte 59610-210, Brazil
- Doctoral Program in Development and Environment (PRODEMA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte 59064-741, Brazil
| | - Moacir Franco de Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, Federal University of the Semi-Arid Region, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte 59625-900, Brazil
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Olsson C, Holmgren S. Autonomic control of gut motility: a comparative view. Auton Neurosci 2010; 165:80-101. [PMID: 20724224 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2010.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2010] [Revised: 06/24/2010] [Accepted: 07/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Gut motility is regulated to optimize food transport and processing. The autonomic innervation of the gut generally includes extrinsic cranial and spinal autonomic nerves. It also comprises the nerves contained entirely within the gut wall, i.e. the enteric nervous system. The extrinsic and enteric nervous control follows a similar pattern throughout the vertebrate groups. However, differences are common and may occur between groups and families as well as between closely related species. In this review, we give an overview of the distribution and effects of common neurotransmitters in the vertebrate gut. While the focus is on birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish, mammalian data are included to form the background for comparisons. While some transmitters, like acetylcholine and nitric oxide, show similar distribution patterns and effects in most species investigated, the role of others is more varying. The significance for these differences is not yet fully understood, emphasizing the need for continued comparative studies of autonomic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina Olsson
- Department of Zoology/Zoophysiology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Young HM, Cane KN, Anderson CR. Development of the autonomic nervous system: a comparative view. Auton Neurosci 2010; 165:10-27. [PMID: 20346736 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2010.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2009] [Revised: 02/27/2010] [Accepted: 03/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this review we summarize current understanding of the development of autonomic neurons in vertebrates. The mechanisms controlling the development of sympathetic and enteric neurons have been studied in considerable detail in laboratory mammals, chick and zebrafish, and there are also limited data about the development of sympathetic and enteric neurons in amphibians. Little is known about the development of parasympathetic neurons apart from the ciliary ganglion in chicks. Although there are considerable gaps in our knowledge, some of the mechanisms controlling sympathetic and enteric neuron development appear to be conserved between mammals, avians and zebrafish. For example, some of the transcriptional regulators involved in the development of sympathetic neurons are conserved between mammals, avians and zebrafish, and the requirement for Ret signalling in the development of enteric neurons is conserved between mammals (including humans), avians and zebrafish. However, there are also differences between species in the migratory pathways followed by sympathetic and enteric neuron precursors and in the requirements for some signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M Young
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Melbourne, VIC Australia.
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The immunohistochemical localization of synaptophysin protein (p38) in the gastro-entero-pancreatic (GEP) system of reptiles. Acta Histochem 2008; 111:476-87. [PMID: 18829074 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2008.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2008] [Revised: 06/04/2008] [Accepted: 06/11/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The gastro-entero-pancreatic (GEP) system of four reptilian species: turtle (Emys orbicularis), lizards (Lacerta viridis and Lacerta agilis) and snake (Natrix natrix) has been investigated immunohistochemically for the presence and topographic distribution of synaptophysin. Among the studied reptiles, only in turtles were neural, glial and neuroendocrine elements labelled for this marker protein. Semi-quantitative evaluation of the immunolabelled neural structures distributed throughout the gastroenteric wall revealed, with two exceptions, highly significant mean differences between the successive gut segments. Significant mean differences were noted also between myenteric and submucosal neurons immunolabelled in the various gastroenteric regions. Moreover, the comparison of ganglionic perikarya groups showed, at least in the stomach, significant mean differences. The amounts of immunopositive glial cells seemed to vary similarly to those of nerve fibers along the entire gastrointestinal tract. Finally, every "closed" and "open" population of immunopositive epithelial cells showed typical fluctuations along the gut. In addition to the distribution of synaptophysin in the GEP system of turtles, the above findings furnish evidence that this marker protein, which is widespread in mammals, is only occasionally expressed in reptiles and probably in most poikilothermic vertebrates.
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Junquera C, Martínez-Ciriano C, Castiella T, Aisa J, Blasco J, Peg MT, Azanza MJ. Intrinsic innervation of a reptilian esophagus (Podarcis hispanica). Neurochem Res 1998; 23:493-504. [PMID: 9566583 DOI: 10.1023/a:1022474316475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We study the esophagus of Podarcis hispanica through different methods to clarify the structure and affinities of its wall innervation. The acetylcholinesterase method reveals cholinesterase activity in two submucosal nervous plexuses, with an increasing degree of structural complexity in the reptilian esophagus, compared with amphibians. Noradrenergic innervation, detected through fluorescence induced by formol, widely spreads its network in both the myenteric and submucosal plexuses (around the blood vessels in the external submucosal plexus, and to the glandular lamina propria in the inner submucosal plexus). Immunohistochemistry for vasoactive intestinal peptide shows a widespread innervation, with neurons clustered in ganglia and also scattered through the VIPergic network, only at the myenteric plexus. Immunohistochemistry for substance P shows a rich innervation along the entire wall of the esophagus, more concentrated in its caudal region, around the blood vessels. Electron microscopy shows the enteric neuronal ultrastructure and its relationship with the esophagus wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Junquera
- Dpto. de Ciencias Morfológicas, Facultad de Medicina de Zaragoza, Spain.
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Wilhelm M, Straznicky C, Gábriel R. Neuron-specific enolase-like immunoreactivity in the vertebrate retina: selective labelling of Müller cells in Anura. HISTOCHEMISTRY 1992; 98:243-52. [PMID: 1459864 DOI: 10.1007/bf00271038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) immunocytochemistry was carried out in retinae of goldfish, axolotl, clawed frog, cane toad, lizard, chick, guinea-pig, rabbit, rat, cat and human. With the exception of Anura, strong immunoreactivity was seen in the large ganglion, amacrine cells and horizontal cells of the retina in all of the other species. Photoreceptors were found to be labelled in the rat and human retina and only one cone type in rabbit. Photoreceptor pedicles and ellipsoids were stained in the goldfish and the somata and inner segments of some photoreceptors in axolotl. In the axolotl retina, besides neurons, Müller cells (MCs) were also immunolabelled. In the retina of the cane toad and the clawed frog MCs were the only stained elements. Similarly in other parts of the central nervous system of the cane toad, glial elements of the optic tectum and spinal cord were immunoreactive. In contrast, in the peripheral nervous system, neurons of the 1st sympathetic ganglion and the 2nd dorsal root ganglion were labelled. In double-labelling experiments, glial fibrillary acidic protein and NSE showed colocalisation both in the glial elements of the optic tectum and spinal cord and in MCs of the retina of the cane toad.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wilhelm
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide
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