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Park TH. The complete chloroplast genome sequence of potato wild relative species, Solanum nigrum. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2016; 1:858-859. [PMID: 33473656 PMCID: PMC7800014 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2016.1250133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Solanum nigrum is a wild non-tuber-bearing species belonging to Solanaceae family. The complete chloroplast genome of S. nigrum was constituted by de novo assembly using a small amount of whole genome sequencing data. The chloroplast genome of S. nigrum was 155,432 bp in length and consisted of 25,289 bp of a pair of inverted repeats, 18,402 bp of small single copy, and 85,852 bp of large single copy regions. A total of 139 genes were annotated including 96 protein-coding genes, 39 tRNA genes, and four rRNA genes. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis with 25 Solanaceae species revealed that S. nigrum is grouped with S. melongena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Ho Park
- Department of Horticulture, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
- Institute of Life and Environment, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
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Szczerbakowa A, Maciejewska U, Zimnoch-Guzowska E, Wielgat B. Somatic hybrids Solanum nigrum (+) S. tuberosum: morphological assessment and verification of hybridity. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2003; 21:577-584. [PMID: 12789433 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-002-0555-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2002] [Revised: 10/23/2002] [Accepted: 10/28/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Somatic hybrids between the cultivated potato diploid hybrid clone, ZEL-1136, and hexaploid non-tuber-bearing wild species Solanum nigrum L. exhibiting resistance to Phytophthora infestans were regenerated after PEG-mediated fusion of mesophyll protoplasts. The objective was to transfer the late-blight resistance genes from the wild species into plants of the cultivated potato clone. From a total of 59 regenerants, 40 clones survived and have been maintained in vitro on hormone-free MS/2 medium. Thirty-two somatic hybrids were identified by their intermediate morphology (leaves of nigrum type and flowers of tuberosum type) and verified by flow cytometry and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) patterns. The RAPD analysis of nuclear DNA confirmed the hybrid nature of 29 clones. Flow cytometry revealed a wide range of ploidy in the generated hybrids, from nearly the tetra- to decaploid level. Most of the hybrid clones were stable in vitro, grew vigorously in soil, and set flowers and parthenocarpic berries. However, all of the flowering hybrids were male-sterile. Nine hybrid clones produced tuber-like structures in soil. The most vigorous flowering somatic hybrids were selected for assessment of the late-blight resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Szczerbakowa
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
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3
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Solomon-Blackburn RM, Barker H. Breeding virus resistant potatoes (Solanum tuberosum): a review of traditional and molecular approaches. Heredity (Edinb) 2001; 86:17-35. [PMID: 11298812 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2540.2001.00799.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetraploid cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum) is the World's fourth most important crop and has been subjected to much breeding effort, including the incorporation of resistance to viruses. Several new approaches, ideas and technologies have emerged recently that could affect the future direction of virus resistance breeding. Thus, there are new opportunities to harness molecular techniques in the form of linked molecular markers to speed up and simplify selection of host resistance genes. The practical application of pathogen-derived transgenic resistance has arrived with the first release of GM potatoes engineered for virus resistance in the USA. Recently, a cloned host virus resistance gene from potato has been shown to be effective when inserted into a potato cultivar lacking the gene. These and other developments offer great opportunities for improving virus resistance, and it is timely to consider these advances and consider the future direction of resistance breeding in potato. We review the sources of available resistance, conventional breeding methods, marker-assisted selection, somaclonal variation, pathogen-derived and other transgenic resistance, and transformation with cloned host genes. The relative merits of the different methods are discussed, and the likely direction of future developments is considered.
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Helgeson JP, Haberlach GT. Somatic Hybrids of Solanum Tuberosum and Related Species. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY AND IN VITRO BIOLOGY IN THE 21ST CENTURY 1999. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-4661-6_35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Dornelas MC, Tavares FC, de Oliviera JC, Vieira ML. Plant regeneration from protoplast fusion inPassiflora spp. PLANT CELL REPORTS 1995; 15:106-110. [PMID: 24185665 DOI: 10.1007/bf01690264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/1995] [Revised: 04/06/1995] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Protoplasts were isolated from leaf explants ofPassiflora edulis var.flavicarpa (the yellow passion fruit) and from cell suspensions of fivePassiflora species. Chemical fusion was performed using polyethylene glycol and the microcolonies obtained were transferred to growth medium to produce calli. Electrophoresis of soluble proteins and analysis of isoenzymes from calli produced from the fusion experiments were performed to select somatic hybrids. Specific polypeptide bands allowed the identification of somatic hybrids betweenP. edulis var.flavicarpa (+)P. alata, P. edulis var.flavicarpa (+)P. amethystina, P. edulis var.flavicarpa (+)P. cincinnata, P. edulis var.flavicarpa (+)P. giberti andP. edulis var.flavicarpa (+)P. coccinea. An average of 3 to 5% hybrid calli were obtained. With the exception of theP. edulis var.flavicarpa (+)P. coccinea, whole plants were recovered from all hybrids. These somatic hybrids showed 4n=36 chromosomes, which represents a further evidence of their hybridity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Dornelas
- Departmento de Genetica, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de Sao Paulo, P.O. Box 83, 13418-900, Piracicaba, Brazil
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7
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The potential of somatic hybridization in crop breeding. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-0357-2_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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8
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Analysis of chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA in asymmetric somatic hybrids betweenSolanum tuberosum and irradiatedS. brevidens. Transgenic Res 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02336779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Sidorov VA, Yevtushenko DP, Shakhovsky AM, Gleba YY. Cybrid production based on mutagenic innactivation of protoplasts and rescuing of mutant plastids in fusion products: Potato with a plastome fromS. bulbocastanum andS. pinnatisectum. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1994; 88:525-529. [PMID: 24186105 DOI: 10.1007/bf01240913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/1993] [Accepted: 08/02/1993] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A procedure for cybrid production, based on double treatment of donor protoplasts by physical and afterwards chemical mutagens at superlethal doses (γ-irradiation at a dose of 1000 Gy was applied for the inactivation of nuclei; 3-5 mMN-nitroso-N-methylurea was used for the efficient induction of plastome mutation) and the rescuing of mutant plastids after fusion with untreated recipient protoplasts, was developed. For identification of mutant donor-type plastids in fusion products a selection for streptomycin was performed. In two sets of experiments, in whichS. tuberosum served as the recipient of foreign cytoplasm with the wild tuber-bearing speciesS. bulbocastanum andS. pinnatisectum as donors, a total of about 40 streptomycin-resistant colonies was isolated. Eight regenerants from theS. tuberosum+S. bulbacastanum fusion combination and four fromS. tuberosum+S. pinnatisectum were further investigated using chromosome counting, analysis of esterase isoenzymes, restriction analysis of organelle DNA, and blot hybridization. All but one plant from both combinations were characterised as potato cybrids possessing exclusively foreign plastids and retaining a morphology typical of the recipient. Only in one line was rearranged mtDNA detected. The availability of potato cybrids facilitates the analysis of plastome-encoded breeding traits and the identification of the most valuable source of cytoplasm among the wild potato species. The described system for producing cybrids without genetic selectable markers in the parental material offers the possibility for the rescue of cytoplasmic mutations which are impossible to isolate by conventional approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Sidorov
- Institute of Cell Biology and Genetic Engineering Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, Zabolotnogo str., 148, 252022, GSP-22, Kiev, Ukraine
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10
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Sexual progeny of somatic hybrids between potato andSolanum brevidens: Potential for use in breeding programs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02849063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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11
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Austin S, Pohlman JD, Brown CR, Mojtahedi H, Santo GS, Douches DS, Helgeson JP. Interspecific somatic hybridization betweenSolanum tuberosum L. andS. bulbocastanum dun. as a means of transferring nematode resistance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02849067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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13
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Protoplast Fusion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-461020-0.50015-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
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14
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Waara S, Pijnacker L, Ferwerda MA, Wallin A, Eriksson T. A cytogenetic and phenotypic characterization of somatic hybrid plants obtained after fusion of two different dihaploid clones of potato (Solatium tuberosum L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1992; 85:470-479. [PMID: 24197462 DOI: 10.1007/bf00222329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/1992] [Accepted: 04/23/1992] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Somatic hybrid plants of various ploidy levels obtained after chemical fusion between two dihaploid clones of potato Solanum tuberosum L. have been analysed by cytological, morphological and molecular methods. The hybrid nature of tetraploid and hexaploid plants and the genome dosage in hexaploid hybrids were confirmed by Giemsa C-banding. Tetraploid and hexaploid hybrids showed numerical as well as structural chromosome mutations. The latter occurred mainly in the nuclear organizing chromosome. The tetraploid hybrids were more vigorous than the dihaploid parents as demonstrated by an increase in height, enlargement of leaves, increase in the number of internodes, restored potential for flowering and increased tuber yield. The grouping of tetraploid somatic hybrids into various classes on the basis of leaf morphology revealed that plants with a full chromosome complement were more uniform than aneuploids. Many hexaploid somatic hybrids were also more vigorous than the dihaploid parents and could be grouped into two different classes on the basis of floral colour and tuber characteristics, the differences being due to their different dosage of parental genomes. Most of the tetraploid somatic hybrids showed pollen development halted at the tetrad stage as one of the parental clones contained a S. Stoloniferum cytoplasm. However, one tetraploid plant produced pollen grains with high viability. The chloroplast genome in the hybrid plants was determined by RFLP analysis. All of the hybrids had a cpDNA pattern identical to one parent, which contained either S. Tuberosum or S. Stoloniferum cpDNA. A slight preference for S. Tuberosum plastids were observed in hybrid plants. No correlation between pollen development and plastid type could be detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Waara
- Department of Physiological Botany, University of Uppsala, Box 540, S-751 21, Uppsala, Sweden
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15
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Potato germplasm collecting expedition to Chile, 1989, and utility of the Chilean species. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02853744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Singsit C, Hanneman RE. Rescuing abortive inter-EBN potato hybrids through double pollination and embryo culture. PLANT CELL REPORTS 1991; 9:475-478. [PMID: 24213783 DOI: 10.1007/bf00232099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/1990] [Revised: 10/30/1990] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Regeneration of inter-EBN hybrids among potato species was achieved using embryo rescue techniques. Tetraploid hybrids between 4x(2EBN) Solanum stoloniferum x 4x(4EBN) S. tuberosum Gp. Andigena as well as diploid hybrids between 2x(1EBN) S. chancayense x 2x(2EBN) S. chacoense were obtained by culturing immature hybrid embryos in nutrient medium. Identification of appropriate embryo developmental stages was critical in developing a suitable protocol for rescuing viable hybrid embryos. The use of IVP clones as the second pollinator in 4x(2EBN) x 4x(4EBN) crosses reduced premature fruit drop and helped to identify triploid hybrids. Morphological and cytological examination confirmed true hybridity for a few of the regenerated plants. Male sterility and meiotic abnormalities were characteristic of the hybrids. Several S. stoloniferum-Andigena hybrids were successfully backcrossed to Gp. Andigena.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Singsit
- Department of Horticulture, Vegetable Crops Research Unit, University of Wisconsin, 53706, Madison, WI, USA
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Perl A, Aviv D, Galun E. Protoplast-fusion-derived Solanum cybrids: application and phylogenetic limitations. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1990; 79:632-640. [PMID: 24226577 DOI: 10.1007/bf00226876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/1989] [Accepted: 12/20/1989] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We established interspecific Solanum cybrids in order to study the intrageneric nuclear-organelle compatibility and the introgression of advantageous plasmone-coded breeding traits into potato. Cybridization was performed by the donor-recipient protoplast-fusion procedure. We found that the plastomes of S. chacoense, S. brevidens, and S. etuberosum could be transferred into the cybrids having S. tuberosum nuclear genomes; chondriome components were likewise transferred from the former species into these cybrids. The combination with S. chacoense as organelle donor and potato as recipient resulted in green fertile plants with potato morphology. By using S. etuberosum as an organelle donor and potato as recipient, male-sterile cybrid plants, most of them having pigmentation abnormalities, were obtained. The combination of S. brevidens with potato resulted in palegreen (almost albino) regenerants. The latter albino plantlets had both the chloroplast DNA and the mitochondrial DNA of the donor (S. brevidens) and did not survive the transfer into the greenhouse. An immediately applicative result of this study is the de novo establishment of male-sterile plants in a potato cultivar. Such plants should be useful as seed parents in the production of hybrid, true-potato seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Perl
- Department of Plant Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
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18
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Transfer of Resistance to PLRV, PVX and PVY from S.brevidens to Potato by Somatic Hybridisation: Characterisation and Field Evaluation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-2103-0_44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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19
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Pehu E, Karp A, Moore K, Steele S, Dunckley R, Jones MG. Molecular, cytogenetic and morphological characterization of somatic hybrids of dihaploid Solanum tuberosum and diploid S. brevidens. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1989; 78:696-704. [PMID: 24225831 DOI: 10.1007/bf00262566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/1989] [Accepted: 06/27/1989] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Fifty-eight somatic hybrid plants, produced both by chemical (11) and electrical fusion (47) of protoplasts of dihaploid Solanum tuberosum and S. brevidens, have been analysed by molecular, cytological and morphological methods. The potentially useful euploid plants constituted 34% of the total, of which 20% were tetraploid and 14% hexaploid; the remainder were aneuploid at the tetraploid, hexaploid and octoploid levels. Analysis of chloroplast DNA showed that 55% of hybrids contained chloroplasts from S. brevidens and 45% from S. tuberosum. Hexaploids, the products of three protoplasts fusing together, were analyzed with specific DNA probes, and this revealed that nuclear genome dosages could be either 2∶1 S. tuberosum∶S. brevidens, or vice-versa. Chloroplast types of hexaploids were not influenced by nuclear genome dosage, and all six possible combinations of genome dosage and chloroplast types were found amongst tetraploids and hexaploids. To examine the morphology of the hybrid population and its possible relation to the chromosome number and chloroplast DNA type, 18 morphological characteristics were measured on greenhouse-grown plants and analyzed by principal component and canonical variate analyses. Both analyses showed that nuclear ploidy has the most prominent influence on the overall morphology of the hybrids. Differential parental genome expression in the morphology of the hybrids is discussed. These results provide useful data on the range of genetic combinations that can be expected to occur amongst somatic hybrid plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pehu
- Biochemistry Department, Rothamsted Experimental Station, AFRC Institute of Arable Crops Research, AL5 2JQ, Harpenden, Herts., UK
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Pijnacker LP, Ferwerda MA, Puite KJ, Schaart JG. Chromosome elimination and mutation in tetraploid somatic hybrids ofSolanum tuberosum andSolanum phureja. PLANT CELL REPORTS 1989; 8:82-5. [PMID: 24232990 DOI: 10.1007/bf00716844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/1989] [Revised: 04/18/1989] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The hybridity of eleven somatic hybrids between a diploidS. tuberosum and a diploidS. phureja clone could be verified because the parent karyotypes differed in their C-banding patterns. The hybrids were hypotetraploid and some carried structurally rearranged chromosomes and/or minute centric fragments. The nucleolar chromosomes ofS. phureja were eliminated preferentially. The function of the remaining nucleolar organizer regions was not suppressed. Nuclear DNA content was correlated with the hypotetraploid chromosome numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- L P Pijnacker
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 14, NL 9750 AA, Haren, The Netherlands
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21
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Ferreira DI, Zelcer A. Advances in Protoplast Research on Solanurn. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)60627-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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22
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Waara S, Tegelström H, Wallin A, Eriksson T. Somatic hybridization between anther-derived dihaploid clones of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and the identification of hybrid plants by isozyme analysis. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1989; 77:49-56. [PMID: 24232473 DOI: 10.1007/bf00292315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/1988] [Accepted: 06/28/1988] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Green mesophyll protoplasts of the dihaploid potato line 198∶2 (Solanum tuberosum L.) were fused with herbicide-bleached mesophyll protoplasts of the dihaploid potato line 67∶9 using a polyethylene glycol protocol. Heterokaryons were identified under a fluorescence microscope using the dual fluorescence of carboxyfluorescein-stained, herbicide-bleached protoplasts and the autofluorescence of green mesophyll protoplasts. About 20% of the protoplasts survived the fusion treatment, and the fusion frequency was 3%-4%. Unfused and fused protoplasts were mass cultured for 6 weeks after which vigorously growing calli were selected and transferred to shoot regeneration medium. Somatic hybrids were identified by a combination of five isozyme markers, and the ploidy level was determined by flow cytometry. Out of 15 calli that regenerated shoots, 6 plants derived from 2 different calli were identified as hexaploid somatic hybrids, while one morphologically deviant plant from a third callus was identified as a mixoploid that had lost some enzyme markers after 4 months of culturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Waara
- Department of Plant Physiology, Uppsala University, Box 540, S-751 21, Uppsala, Sweden
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23
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Chavez R, Brown CR, Iwanaga M. Transfer of resistance to PLRV titer buildup from Solanum etuberosum to a tuber-bearing Solanum gene pool. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1988; 76:129-135. [PMID: 24231994 DOI: 10.1007/bf00288843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/1988] [Accepted: 02/07/1988] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Hybrids between Solanum etuberosum and S. pinnatisectum harboring resistance to titer buildup of potato leafroll virus (PLRV) were reciprocally crossed with tuber-bearing wild species S. acaule and S. verrucosum. A total of 47 hybrids with acaule were obtained with the aid of embryo rescue and sterile culturing of embryos from imbibing seeds. All but two hybrids with acaule had low pollen stainabilities or were pollen sterile. Hybrid seeds from crosses with verrucosum were easily obtained, and the triploid progenies were sterile. Hybrid progeny were screened for resistance to PLRV infection by viruliferous green peach aphid and for resistance to titer buildup. Although hybrids did not exhibit resistance to infection, PLRV was not detectable using ELISA. Virus was detected, however, by graft transmission to Datura stramonium. Crosses of fertile acaule-etuberosum-pinnatisectum hybrids with S. phureja, a cultivated diploid, using the latter as pollen parent, produced berries but seed did not complete development and was aborted. Rescue of immature embryos 25 days after pollination by excision from berries and sterile culture produced vigorous, pot-cultured plants. Segregation of susceptible (virus detected) and resistant (virus undetected) progenies suggests simple inheritance.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Chavez
- Biotechnology Research Unit, Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), A.A. 6713, Cali, Colombia
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24
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Gibson RW, Jones MG, Fish N. Resistance to potato leaf roll virus and potato virus Y in somatic hybrids between dihaploid Solanum tuberosum and S. brevidens. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1988; 76:113-7. [PMID: 24231991 DOI: 10.1007/bf00288840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/1987] [Accepted: 02/15/1988] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Many somatic fusion hybrids have been produced between a dihaploid potato Solanum tuberosum and the sexually-incompatible wild species S. brevidens using both chemical and electrical fusion techniques. S. brevidens was resistant to both potato leaf roll virus (PLRV) and potato virus Y (PVY), the viruses being either at low (PLRV) or undetectable (PVY) concentrations as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The S. tuberosum parent was susceptible to both viruses. A wide range of resistance, expressed as a decrease in virus concentration to both viruses was found amongst fusion hybrids, four of which were especially resistant. The practicality of introducing virus resistance from S. brevidens into cultivated potatoes by somatic hybridisation is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Gibson
- Department of Plant Pathology, Institute of Arable Crops Research, Rothamsted Experimental Station, AL5 2JQ, Harpenden, Herts, UK
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25
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Morphological and molecular characterization of somatic hybrid plants between Lycopersicon esculentum and Solanum nigrum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00334683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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26
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Karp A, Jones MGK, Ooms G, Bright SWJ. Potato Protoplasts and Tissue Culture in Crop Improvement. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 1987. [DOI: 10.1080/02648725.1987.10647833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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27
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Fish N, Karp A, Jones MGK. Improved isolation of dihaploidsolanum tubersoum protoplasts and the production of somatic hybrids between dihaploidS. tuberosum andS. brevidens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02620975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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28
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Ehlenfeldt MK, Helgeson JP. Fertility of somatic hybrids from protoplast fusions of Solanum brevidens and S. tuberosum. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1987; 73:395-402. [PMID: 24241001 DOI: 10.1007/bf00262507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/1986] [Accepted: 08/19/1986] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Two sets of somatic hybrids between Solanum brevidens (2x) and S. tuberosum (2x and 4x) were evaluated for male fertility, meiotic regularity and female fertility. The somatic hybrids were tetraploids from 2x + 2x fusions and hexaploids from 2x + 4x fusions. Pollen stainability ranged from 0 to 83% in tetraploids and from 0 to 23% in hexaploids. The tetraploids had more regular meiosis, lower levels of micropollen and fewer unassociated chromosomes than hexaploids. However, except for a low level of selfing, the pollen of both sets of hybrids was ineffective in pollinations. The tetraploids, as females, crossed poorly with 2x and 4x tester species and selfed only at low levels. The hexaploid fusion hybrids also crossed poorly with the 2x tester species and selfed only to a limited degree; however, they crossed well with 4x testers. Seed set in crosses with S. tuberosum Group Andigena, and S. tuberosum Group Tuberosum cultivars 'Kathadin' and 'Norland' averaged 16.7, 15.6 and 28.6 seeds per fruit, respectively. Progeny from these crosses had 5x or nearly 5x ploidy levels. The results indicate that reasonable levels of female fertility can be obtained in somatic fusion hybrids of S. brevidens and S. tuberosum.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Ehlenfeldt
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, 53706, Madison, WI, USA
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Viability, DNA Synthesis and Cell Wall Regeneration on Potato Protoplasts. BIOTECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY 1987. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-72773-3_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Kemble RJ, Barsby TL, Wong RS, Shepard JF. Mitochondrial DNA rearrangements in somatic hybrids of Solanum tuberosum and Solanum brevidens. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1986; 72:787-793. [PMID: 24248201 DOI: 10.1007/bf00266546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/1986] [Accepted: 04/24/1986] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Thirty somatic hybrids between Solanum tuberosum and Solanum brevidens were analysed for mitochondrial and chloroplast genome rearrangements. In all cases, the chloroplast genomes were inherited from one of the parental protoplast populations. No chloroplast DNA alterations were evident but a range of mitochondrial DNA alterations, from zero to extensive intra- and inter-molecular recombinations, were found. Such recombinations involved specific 'recombination hot spots' in the mitochondrial genome. Not all hybrids regenerated from a common callus possessed identical mitochondrial genomes, suggesting that sorting out of mitochondrial populations in the callus may have been incomplete at the plant regeneration stage. Sorting out of organelles in planta was not observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Kemble
- Department of Plant Biology, Allelix Inc., 6850 Goreway Drive, L4V 1P1, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
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Puite KJ, Roest S, Pijnacker LP. Somatic hybrid potato plants after electrofusion of diploid Solanum tuberosum and Solanum phureja. PLANT CELL REPORTS 1986; 5:262-265. [PMID: 24248242 DOI: 10.1007/bf00269817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/1986] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Protoplasts from diploid S. tuberosum and diploid S. phureja were electrofused followed by selection of the heterokaryons with a micromanipulator. Visual identification of the heterokaryons was facilitated by fluorescein diacetate staining of the protoplasts from one of the parents, which was grown on herbicide containing medium to induce bleaching of the chlorophyll. In total, 840 heterokaryons showing red (chlorophyll) and yellow-green (fluorescein) fluorescence were selected and cultured at relatively low densities using various feeder systems. Finally, 18 putative hybrid plantlets were obtained and grown to maturity. DNA histograms indicated that the plants were hexaploid, octoploid or mixoploid. With Giemsa C-band pattern analysis of the chromosomes the hybrid character and the combinations of the chromosome sets of all plants investigated could be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Puite
- Research Institute ITAL, Postbox 48, NL-6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Helgeson JP, Hunt GJ, Haberlach GT, Austin S. Somatic hybrids between Solanum brevidens and Solanum tuberosum: Expression of a late blight resistance gene and potato leaf roll resistance. PLANT CELL REPORTS 1986; 5:212-214. [PMID: 24248136 DOI: 10.1007/bf00269122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/1985] [Revised: 02/22/1986] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Hexaploid somatic hybrids resulting from mesophyll protoplast fusions between Solanum brevidens Phil., PI 218228, and Solanum tuberosum L., PI 203900 were tested for late blight resistance using two races of Phytophthora infestans Monte., de Bary. The S. tuberosum parent was a "late blight differential" possessing the R4 gene which confers resistance to race 0. The S. brevidens parent is resistant to potato leaf roll virus. Inoculations with both compatible (race 1.3.4.5) and incompatible (race 0) races of P. infestans clearly demonstrated the expression of the late blight resistance gene in all of the hybrid progeny tested. Most of the hybrids tested were also resistant to potato leaf roll virus (PLRV), indicating that the S. brevidens genes for PLRV resistance were present and expressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Helgeson
- United States Department of Agriculture, University of Wisconsin, 1630 Linden Drive, 53706, Madison, WI, USA
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Binding H, Krumbiegel-Schroeren G, Nehls R. Protoplast fusion and early development of fusants. Results Probl Cell Differ 1986; 12:37-66. [PMID: 3529271 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-39836-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Nehls R, Krumbiegel-Schroeren G, Binding H. Development of protoplast fusion products. Results Probl Cell Differ 1986; 12:67-108. [PMID: 3529272 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-39836-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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The Application of Tissue Culture to Plant Improvement and Propagation in the Ornamental Horticulture Industry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-4444-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Gleddie S, Keller WA, Setterfield G. Production and characterization of somatic hybrids between Solanum melongena L. and S. sisymbriifolium Lam. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1986; 71:613-621. [PMID: 24247537 DOI: 10.1007/bf00264265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/1985] [Accepted: 08/19/1985] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Protoplasts of 6-azauracil (AU) resistant cell lines of Solanum melongena L. were fused with protoplasts of S. sisymbriifolium Lam. to create somatic hybrids between these sexually-incompatible species. Following fusion, colonies were selected which were capable of growth in medium containing 1mM AU. These colonies were placed on medium containing zeatin which had been shown to stimulate anthocyanin production during shoot organogenesis in tissue explants of S. sisymbriifolium but not in S. melongena. A total of 37 anthocyanin-producing colonies were identified from which 26 hybrid plants were regenerated. The morphological traits intermediate to those of the parents included: flower colour, leaf shape, and trichome density. Cytogenetic analysis revealed that all hybrids were aneuploids but their chromosome numbers were close to the expected number of 48. Isozyme analysis revealed that nuclear genes of both parents were expressed in the hybrids. In addition, isoelectric focussing of the large subunit of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco) provided evidence that each hybrid expressed only the S. sisymbriifolium chloroplast genome. All hybrids regenerated thus far have been sterile.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gleddie
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, K1S 5B6, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Schumann U, Koblitz H. Anwendung der Protoplastentechnologie in der Züchtungsforschung der Kartoffel — eine Literaturübersicht. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01982858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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