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An S-locus independent pollen factor confers self-compatibility in 'Katy' apricot. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53947. [PMID: 23342044 PMCID: PMC3544744 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of pollen-S function in Prunus self-compatible cultivars has been mostly associated with deletions or insertions in the S-haplotype-specific F-box (SFB) genes. However, self-compatible pollen-part mutants defective for non-S-locus factors have also been found, for instance, in the apricot (Prunus armeniaca) cv. ‘Canino’. In the present study, we report the genetic and molecular analysis of another self-compatible apricot cv. termed ‘Katy’. S-genotype of ‘Katy’ was determined as S1S2 and S-RNase PCR-typing of selfing and outcrossing populations from ‘Katy’ showed that pollen gametes bearing either the S1- or the S2-haplotype were able to overcome self-incompatibility (SI) barriers. Sequence analyses showed no SNP or indel affecting the SFB1 and SFB2 alleles from ‘Katy’ and, moreover, no evidence of pollen-S duplication was found. As a whole, the obtained results are compatible with the hypothesis that the loss-of-function of a S-locus unlinked factor gametophytically expressed in pollen (M’-locus) leads to SI breakdown in ‘Katy’. A mapping strategy based on segregation distortion loci mapped the M’-locus within an interval of 9.4 cM at the distal end of chr.3 corresponding to ∼1.29 Mb in the peach (Prunus persica) genome. Interestingly, pollen-part mutations (PPMs) causing self-compatibility (SC) in the apricot cvs. ‘Canino’ and ‘Katy’ are located within an overlapping region of ∼273 Kb in chr.3. No evidence is yet available to discern if they affect the same gene or not, but molecular markers seem to indicate that both cultivars are genetically unrelated suggesting that every PPM may have arisen independently. Further research will be necessary to reveal the precise nature of ‘Katy’ PPM, but fine-mapping already enables SC marker-assisted selection and paves the way for future positional cloning of the underlying gene.
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2
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Jiménez-Durán K, McClure B, García-Campusano F, Rodríguez-Sotres R, Cisneros J, Busot G, Cruz-García F. NaStEP: a proteinase inhibitor essential to self-incompatibility and a positive regulator of HT-B stability in Nicotiana alata pollen tubes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 161:97-107. [PMID: 23150644 PMCID: PMC3532289 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.198440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In Solanaceae, the self-incompatibility S-RNase and S-locus F-box interactions define self-pollen recognition and rejection in an S-specific manner. This interaction triggers a cascade of events involving other gene products unlinked to the S-locus that are crucial to the self-incompatibility response. To date, two essential pistil-modifier genes, 120K and High Top-Band (HT-B), have been identified in Nicotiana species. However, biochemistry and genetics indicate that additional modifier genes are required. We recently reported a Kunitz-type proteinase inhibitor, named NaStEP (for Nicotiana alata Stigma-Expressed Protein), that is highly expressed in the stigmas of self-incompatible Nicotiana species. Here, we report the proteinase inhibitor activity of NaStEP. NaStEP is taken up by both compatible and incompatible pollen tubes, but its suppression in Nicotiana spp. transgenic plants disrupts S-specific pollen rejection; therefore, NaStEP is a novel pistil-modifier gene. Furthermore, HT-B levels within the pollen tubes are reduced when NaStEP-suppressed pistils are pollinated with either compatible or incompatible pollen. In wild-type self-incompatible N. alata, in contrast, HT-B degradation occurs preferentially in compatible pollinations. Taken together, these data show that the presence of NaStEP is required for the stability of HT-B inside pollen tubes during the rejection response, but the underlying mechanism is currently unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Jiménez-Durán
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City DF 04510, Mexico (K.J.-D., F.G.-C., R.R.-S., J.C., G.B., F.C.-G.); and Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (B.M.)
| | - Bruce McClure
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City DF 04510, Mexico (K.J.-D., F.G.-C., R.R.-S., J.C., G.B., F.C.-G.); and Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (B.M.)
| | - Florencia García-Campusano
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City DF 04510, Mexico (K.J.-D., F.G.-C., R.R.-S., J.C., G.B., F.C.-G.); and Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (B.M.)
| | - Rogelio Rodríguez-Sotres
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City DF 04510, Mexico (K.J.-D., F.G.-C., R.R.-S., J.C., G.B., F.C.-G.); and Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (B.M.)
| | - Jesús Cisneros
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City DF 04510, Mexico (K.J.-D., F.G.-C., R.R.-S., J.C., G.B., F.C.-G.); and Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (B.M.)
| | - Grethel Busot
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City DF 04510, Mexico (K.J.-D., F.G.-C., R.R.-S., J.C., G.B., F.C.-G.); and Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (B.M.)
| | - Felipe Cruz-García
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City DF 04510, Mexico (K.J.-D., F.G.-C., R.R.-S., J.C., G.B., F.C.-G.); and Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (B.M.)
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3
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Puerta AR, Ushijima K, Koba T, Sassa H. Identification and functional analysis of pistil self-incompatibility factor HT-B of Petunia. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2009; 60:1309-18. [PMID: 19282427 PMCID: PMC2657546 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erp005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2008] [Revised: 12/29/2008] [Accepted: 01/07/2009] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI) in Solanaceae, Rosaceae, and Plantaginaceae is controlled by a multiallelic S-locus. The specificities of pistil and pollen are controlled by separate S-locus genes, S-RNase and SLF/SFB, respectively. Although the S-specificity is determined by the S-locus genes, factors located outside the S-locus are also required for expression of GSI. HT-B is one of the pistil non-S-factors identified in Nicotiana and Solanum, and encodes a small asparagine/aspartate-rich extracellular protein with unknown biochemical function. Here, HT-B was cloned from Petunia and characterized. The structural features and expression pattern of Petunia HT-B were very similar to those of Nicotiana and Solanum. Unlike other solanaceous species, expression of HT-B was also observed in self-compatible Petunia species. RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated suppression of Petunia HT-B resulted in partial breakdown of GSI. Quantitative analysis of the HT-B mRNA accumulation in the transgenics showed that a 100-fold reduction is not sufficient and a >1000-fold reduction is required to achieve partial breakdown of GSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Raul Puerta
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Chiba University, 648 Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8510, Japan
| | - Koichiro Ushijima
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Takato Koba
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Chiba University, 648 Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8510, Japan
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, 648 Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8510, Japan
| | - Hidenori Sassa
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Chiba University, 648 Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8510, Japan
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, 648 Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8510, Japan
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4
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McClure B. Darwin's foundation for investigating self-incompatibility and the progress toward a physiological model for S-RNase-based SI. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2009; 60:1069-1081. [PMID: 19297550 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erp024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Charles Darwin made extensive observations of the pollination biology of a wide variety of plants. He carefully documented the consequences of self-pollination and described species that were self-sterile but that could easily be crossed with other plants of the same species. He believed that compatibility was controlled by the 'mutual action' of pollen and pistil contents. A genetic model for self-sterility was developed in the early 1900 s based on studies of the compatibility relationships among, what are now referred to as, self-incompatible (SI) Nicotiana species. Today, it is believed that SI in these species is controlled by an interaction between S-RNases produced in the pistil and F-box proteins expressed in pollen and, moreover, that this S-RNase-based SI system is shared by a great diversity of other plant species. Current research is aimed at understanding how the mutual actions of these S-gene products function in the physiological context of pollen tube growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce McClure
- Division of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211-7310, USA.
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5
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Wheeler D, Newbigin E. Expression of 10 S-class SLF-like genes in Nicotiana alata pollen and its implications for understanding the pollen factor of the S locus. Genetics 2007; 177:2171-80. [PMID: 17947432 PMCID: PMC2219507 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.107.076885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2007] [Accepted: 10/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The S locus of Nicotiana alata encodes a polymorphic series of ribonucleases (S-RNases) that determine the self-incompatibility (SI) phenotype of the style. The pollen product of the S locus (pollen S) in N. alata is unknown, but in species from the related genus Petunia and in self-incompatible members of the Plantaginaceae and Rosaceae, this function has been assigned to an F-box protein known as SLF or SFB. Here we describe the identification of 10 genes (designated DD1-10) encoding SLF-related proteins that are expressed in N. alata pollen. Because our approach to cloning the DD genes was based on sequences of SLFs from other species, we presume that one of the DD genes encodes the N. alata SLF ortholog. Seven of the DD genes were exclusively expressed in pollen and a low level of sequence variation was found in alleles of each DD gene. Mapping studies confirmed that all 10 DD genes were linked to the S locus and that at least three were located in the same chromosomal segment as pollen S. Finally, the different topologies of the phylogenetic trees produced using available SLF-related sequences and those produced using S-RNase sequences suggests that pollen S and the S-RNase have different evolutionary histories.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Wheeler
- Plant Cell Biology Research Centre, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Vilanova S, Badenes ML, Burgos L, Martínez-Calvo J, Llácer G, Romero C. Self-compatibility of two apricot selections is associated with two pollen-part mutations of different nature. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2006; 142:629-41. [PMID: 16920873 PMCID: PMC1586032 DOI: 10.1104/pp.106.083865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Loss of pollen-S function in Prunus self-compatible mutants has recently been associated with deletions or insertions in S-haplotype-specific F-box (SFB) genes. We have studied two self-compatible cultivars of apricot (Prunus armeniaca), Currot (S(C)S(C)) and Canino (S(2)S(C)), sharing the naturally occurring self-compatible (S(C))-haplotype. Sequence analysis showed that whereas the S(C)-RNase is unaltered, a 358-bp insertion is found in the SFB(C) gene, resulting in the expression of a truncated protein. The alteration of this gene is associated with self-incompatibility (SI) breakdown, supporting previous evidence that points to SFB being the pollen-S gene of the Prunus SI S-locus. On the other hand, PCR analysis of progenies derived from Canino showed that pollen grains carrying the S(2)-haplotype were also able to overcome the incompatibility barrier. However, alterations in the SFB(2) gene or evidence of pollen-S duplications were not detected. A new class of F-box genes encoding a previously uncharacterized protein with high sequence similarity (approximately 62%) to Prunus SFB proteins was identified in this work, but the available data rules them out of producing S-heteroallelic pollen and thus the cause of the pollen-part mutation. These results suggest that cv Canino has an additional mutation, not linked to the S-locus, which causes a loss of pollen-S activity when present in pollen. As a whole, these findings support the proposal that the S-locus products besides other S-locus independent factors are required for gametophytic SI in Prunus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Vilanova
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, 46113 Moncada Valencia, Spain
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7
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McClure BA, Franklin-Tong V. Gametophytic self-incompatibility: understanding the cellular mechanisms involved in "self" pollen tube inhibition. PLANTA 2006; 224:233-45. [PMID: 16794841 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-006-0284-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2006] [Accepted: 03/28/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Self-incompatibility (SI) prevents the production of "self" seed and inbreeding by providing a recognition and rejection system for "self," or genetically identical, pollen. Studies of gametophytic SI (GSI) species at a molecular level have identified two completely different S-genes and SI mechanisms. One GSI mechanism, which is found in the Solanaceae, Rosaceae and Scrophulariaceae, has S-RNase as the pistil S-component and an F-box protein as the pollen S-component. However, non-S-locus factors are also required. In an incompatible situation, the S-RNases degrade pollen RNA, thereby preventing pollen tube growth. Here, in the light of recent evidence, we examine alternative models for how compatible pollen escapes this cytotoxic activity. The other GSI mechanism, so far found only in the Papaveraceae, has a small secreted peptide, the S-protein, as its pistil S-component. The pollen S-component remains elusive, but it is thought to be a transmembrane receptor, as interaction of the S-protein with incompatible pollen triggers a signaling network, resulting in rapid actin depolymerization and pollen tube inhibition and programmed cell death (PCD). Here, we present an overview of what is currently known about the mechanisms involved in regulating pollen tube inhibition in these two GSI systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce A McClure
- Department of Biochemistry, 105 Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, 1201 E. Rollins St., Columbia, MO, 65211-7310, USA.
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8
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Stone JL, Sasuclark MA, Blomberg CP. Variation in the self-incompatibility response within and among populations of the tropical shrub Witheringia solanacea (Solanaceae). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2006; 93:592-598. [PMID: 21646220 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.93.4.592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Breakdown of genetically enforced self-incompatibility (SI), an extremely common and important evolutionary transition in plants, has conventionally been conceived as a qualitative rather than a quantitative change. We evaluated qualitative and quantitative variation in SI for four populations of Witheringia solanacea in Costa Rica, examining growth of self-pollen tubes in pollinations of buds and mature flowers. We also measured levels of RNase production in styles to determine whether enzyme production was correlated with differences in self-rejection. The two small populations contained both self-compatible (SC) individuals and obligate outcrossers (female or SI). Plants in the two large populations were uniformly SI as revealed by pollen tube growth, although several of these individuals sporadically set seed autogamously. Stylar RNase activity did not differ significantly between bud and mature flowers, but self-pollen tube growth did differ, suggesting that a gene product in addition to S-RNase is responsible for developmental onset of SI. Population-level differences in RNase activity were consistent with differences in the strength of the rejection response in bud pollinations, suggesting that a threshold level of S-RNase, in combination with other factors, is necessary for SI. Our results support a growing body of evidence that not only qualitative variation in SI, but also quantitative variation may be functionally significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy L Stone
- Department of Biology, 5720 Mayflower Hill Dr., Colby College, Waterville, Maine 04901 USA
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Goldraij A, Kondo K, Lee CB, Hancock CN, Sivaguru M, Vazquez-Santana S, Kim S, Phillips TE, Cruz-Garcia F, McClure B. Compartmentalization of S-RNase and HT-B degradation in self-incompatible Nicotiana. Nature 2006; 439:805-10. [PMID: 16482149 DOI: 10.1038/nature04491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2005] [Accepted: 11/23/2005] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Pollen-pistil interactions are crucial for controlling plant mating. For example, S-RNase-based self-incompatibility prevents inbreeding in diverse angiosperm species. S-RNases are thought to function as specific cytotoxins that inhibit pollen that has an S-haplotype that matches one of those in the pistil. Thus, pollen and pistil factors interact to prevent mating between closely related individuals. Other pistil factors, such as HT-B, 4936-factor and the 120 kDa glycoprotein, are also required for pollen rejection but do not contribute to S-haplotype-specificity per se. Here we show that S-RNase is taken up and sorted to a vacuolar compartment in the pollen tubes. Antibodies to the 120 kDa glycoprotein label the compartment membrane. When the pistil does not express HT-B or 4936-factor, S-RNase remains sequestered, unable to cause rejection. Similarly, in wild-type pistils, compatible pollen tubes degrade HT-B and sequester S-RNase. We suggest that S-RNase trafficking and the stability of HT-B are central to S-specific pollen rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Goldraij
- CIQUIBIC, Departamento de Quimica Biologica, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina
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10
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Sassa H, Hirano H. Identification of a new class of pistil-specific proteins of Petunia inflata that is structurally similar to, but functionally distinct from, the self-incompatibility factor HT. Mol Genet Genomics 2005; 275:97-104. [PMID: 16320074 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-005-0067-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2005] [Accepted: 10/24/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pollen-pistil interactions are thought to involve a wide variety of intercellular recognition events controlled by diverse proteins and other molecules. One of the best characterized interactions is the S-RNase-based gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI) system found in Solanaceae, Rosaceae and Scrophulariaceae. Although the S specificity of the pistil and the pollen in these families is determined by the S locus-encoded proteins S-RNase and SLF/SFB, respectively, these proteins alone are not sufficient for operation of the GSI reaction. Other factors are also required and are classified into three groups. To date, the only known factor is the pistil-expressed small asparagine-rich protein HT-B in three solanaceous genera Nicotiana, Lycopersicon and Solanum. HT-B is a Group 2 factor that is required for pollen rejection but do not affect S-RNase expression; factors in the other groups have not yet cloned. Here, we identified a new class of HT-like proteins in the style of Petunia inflata and named it HTL. Through alternative splicing, it was found that two isolated homologous HTL cDNAs, HTL-A and HTL-B, derived from a single gene. Like HT-B, HTL showed pistil-specific accumulation as well as significant sequence similarity to HT including conserved cystein residues at the C-terminal region and a signal peptide for extracellular localization. However, unlike HT-B, HTL lacked an asparagine-rich domain. Thus, it represents a new class of HT proteins. To determine whether HTL is involved in GSI function, RNA silencing constructs for HTL-A and HTL-B were introduced into self-incompatible P. inflata. Although several transgenic lines showed no detectable levels of both HTL-A and HTL-B transcripts, they retained normal GSI function and produced large fruits upon compatible pollination. This suggests that since silencing of the HTL gene alone is not sufficient to affect reproductive physiology, the gene is functionally distinct from the GSI factor HT-B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Sassa
- Faculty of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo 648, 271-8510 Matsudo, Japan
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11
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Tsukamoto T, Ando T, Takahashi K, Omori T, Watanabe H, Kokubun H, Marchesi E, Kao TH. Breakdown of self-incompatibility in a natural population of Petunia axillaris caused by loss of pollen function. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2003; 131:1903-1912. [PMID: 12692349 PMCID: PMC166946 DOI: 10.1104/pp.102.018069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2002] [Revised: 12/11/2002] [Accepted: 01/21/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Although Petunia axillaris subsp. axillaris is described as a self-incompatible taxon, some of the natural populations we have identified in Uruguay are composed of both self-incompatible and self-compatible plants. Here, we studied the self-incompatibility (SI) behavior of 50 plants derived from such a mixed population, designated U83, and examined the cause of the breakdown of SI. Thirteen plants were found to be self-incompatible, and the other 37 were found to be self-compatible. A total of 14 S-haplotypes were represented in these 50 plants, including two that we had previously identified from another mixed population, designated U1. All the 37 self-compatible plants carried either an S(C1)- or an S(C2)-haplotype. S(C1)S(C1) and S(C2)S(C2) homozygotes were generated by self-pollination of two of the self-compatible plants, and they were reciprocally crossed with 40 self-incompatible S-homozygotes (S(1)S(1) through S(40)S(40)) generated from plants identified from three mixed populations, including U83. The S(C1)S(C1) homozygote was reciprocally compatible with all the genotypes examined. The S(C2)S(C2) homozygote accepted pollen from all but the S(17)S(17) homozygote (identified from the U1 population), but the S(17)S(17) homozygote accepted pollen from the S(C2)S(C2) homozygote. cDNAs encoding S(C2)- and S(17)-RNases were cloned and sequenced, and their nucleotide sequences were completely identical. Analysis of bud-selfed progeny of heterozygotes carrying S(C1) or S(C2) showed that the SI behavior of S(C1) and S(C2) was identical to that of S(C1) and S(C2) homozygotes, respectively. All these results taken together suggested that the S(C2)-haplotype was a mutant form of the S(17)-haplotype, with the defect lying in the pollen function. The possible nature of the mutation is discussed.
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Liang L, Huang J, Xue Y. Identification and evolutionary analysis of a relic S-RNase in Antirrhinum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1007/s00497-003-0168-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Cruz-Garcia F, Hancock CN, McClure B. S-RNase complexes and pollen rejection. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2003; 54:123-30. [PMID: 12456762 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erg045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Biochemical interactions between the pollen and the pistil allow plants fine control over fertilization. S-RNase-based pollen rejection is among the most widespread and best understood of these interactions. At least three plant families have S-RNase-based self-incompatibility (SI) systems, and S-RNases have also been implicated in interspecific pollen rejection. Although S-RNases determine the specificity of SI, other genes are required for the pollen rejection system to function. Progress is being made toward identifying these non-S-RNase factors. HT-protein, first identified as a non-S-RNase factor that was required for SI in Nicotiana alata, has now been implicated in other species as well. In addition, several pistil proteins bind to S-RNase in vitro. One hypothesis is that S-RNase forms a complex with these proteins in vivo that is the active form of S-RNase in pollen rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Cruz-Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry, Facultad de Química, National Autonomous University of México, Conjunto 'E' Paseo de la Investigacio'n Cientifica, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 México DF, México
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14
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O'Brien M, Kapfer C, Major G, Laurin M, Bertrand C, Kondo K, Kowyama Y, Matton DP. Molecular analysis of the stylar-expressed Solanum chacoense small asparagine-rich protein family related to the HT modifier of gametophytic self-incompatibility in Nicotiana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2002; 32:985-96. [PMID: 12492840 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.2002.01486.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI) systems involving the expression of stylar ribonucleases have been described and extensively studied in many plant families including the Solanaceae, Rosaceae and Scrophulariaceae. Pollen recognition and rejection is governed in the style by specific ribonucleases called S-RNases, but in many self-incompatibility (SI) systems, modifier loci that can modulate the SI response have been described at the genetic level. Here, we present at the molecular level, the isolation and characterization of two Solanum chacoense homologues of the Nicotiana HT modifier that had been previously shown to be necessary for the SI reaction to occur in N. alata (McClure et al., 1999). HT homologues from other solanaceous species have also been isolated and a phylogenetic analysis reveals that the HT genes fall into two groups. In S. chacoense, these small proteins named ScHT-A and ScHT-B are expressed in the style and are developmentally regulated during anthesis identically to the S-RNases as well as following compatible and incompatible pollination. To elucidate the precise role of each HT isoform, antisense ScHT-A and RNAi ScHT-B lines were generated. Conversion from SI to self-compatibility (SC) was only observed in RNAi ScHT-B lines with reduced levels of ScHT-B mRNA. These results confirm the role of the HT modifier in solanaceous SI and indicate that only the HT-B isoform is directly involved in SI.
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Affiliation(s)
- M O'Brien
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke est, Montréal, Québec, Canada H1X 2B2
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15
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Kondo K, Yamamoto M, Itahashi R, Sato T, Egashira H, Hattori T, Kowyama Y. Insights into the evolution of self-compatibility in Lycopersicon from a study of stylar factors. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2002; 30:143-53. [PMID: 12000451 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.2002.01275.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the molecular basis of loss of self-incompatibility in Lycopersicon, S-RNases and HT-proteins were analysed in seven self-compatible (SC) and three self-incompatible (SI) taxa. No or low stylar RNase activity was a common feature in most SC taxa examined, in contrast to the uniformly high levels of activity found in all SI species. The S-RNase gene is most likely deleted in the four red-fruited SC taxa (L. esculentum, L. esculentum var. cerasiforme, L. pimpinellifolium and L. cheesmanii) because S-RNase genes could not be amplified from genomic DNA. S-RNase genes could, however, be amplified from the genomes of the three green-fruited SC taxa examined. L. chmielewskii and L. hirsutum f. glabratum show a decreased accumulation of transcripts, possibly reflecting changes in the 5' flanking regions of the S-RNase genes. The remaining green-fruited SC species, L. parviflorum, has a functional S-RNase gene in its genome that is expressed at high levels in the style, suggesting a genetic factor responsible for the low S-RNase activity. Together these results argue for several independent mutations in the S-RNase gene over the course of Lycopersicon diversification, and that loss of S-RNase function is unlikely to the primary cause of the loss of self-incompatibility. We also examined the HT-B genes that play a role in self-incompatibility. HT-B transcripts were markedly reduced in the styles of all the SC taxa examined. A scenario is described where a mutation causing reduced transcription of HT-B in an ancestral SI species was central to the loss of self-incompatibility in Lycopersicon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Kondo
- Faculty of Bioresources, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
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16
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Stone JL. Molecular mechanisms underlying the breakdown of gametophytic self-incompatibility. THE QUARTERLY REVIEW OF BIOLOGY 2002; 77:17-32. [PMID: 11963459 DOI: 10.1086/339200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The breakdown of self-incompatibility has occurred repeatedly throughout the evolution of flowering plants and has profound impacts on the genetic structure of populations. Recent advances in understanding of the molecular basis of self-incompatibility have provided insights into the mechanisms of its loss in natural populations, especially in the tomato family, the Solanaceae. In the Solanaceae, the gene that controls self-incompatibility in the style codes for a ribonuclease that causes the degradation of RNA in pollen tubes bearing an allele at the S-locus that matches either of the two alleles held by the maternal plant. The pollen component of the S-locus has yet to be identified. Loss of self-incompatibility can be attributed to three types of causes: duplication of the S-locus, mutations that cause loss of S-RNase activity, and mutations that do not cause loss of S-RNase activity. Duplication of the S-locus has been well studied in radiation-induced mutants but may be a relatively rare cause of the breakdown of self-incompatibility in nature. Point mutations within the S-locus that disrupt the production of S-RNase have been documented in natural populations. There are also a number of mutants in which S-RNase production is unimpaired, yet self-incompatibility is disrupted. The identity and function of these mutations is not well understood. Careful work on a handful of model organisms will enable population biologists to better understand the breakdown of self-incompatibility in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Stone
- Department of Biology, Colby College, Waterville, Maine 04901, USA.
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17
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Good-Avila SV, Stephenson AG. The inheritance of modifiers conferring self-fertility in the partially self-incompatible perennial, Campanula rapunculoides L. (Campanulaceae). Evolution 2002; 56:263-72. [PMID: 11926494 DOI: 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2002.tb01336.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The role of partial self-incompatibility in plant breeding system evolution has received little attention. Here, we examine the genetic basis of modifiers conferring self-fertility in the creeping bellflower, Campanula rapunculoides L. (Campanulaceae), a partially self-incompatible herb. A survey of 35 individuals from two natural populations indicates that 45% of them are strongly self-incompatible, 40% intermediately self-incompatible, and 15% weakly self-incompatible and that some plants show a strong breakdown in self-incompatibility over floral age. We generated 101 F1 families by random crossing among 31 parental plants and estimated the heritability of self-fertility in day 1 and day 4 female-phase flowers, the genetic correlation between day 1 and day 4 self-fertility, and the coefficient of additive genetic variance of self-fertility. We use linear regression and data from additional crosses to examine whether there are significant maternal effects in the expression of self-fertility. We use Fain's test to determine if a major gene influences self-fertility and, finding no evidence, use data from additional crosses on an F2 generation to estimate the mean number and dominance of genes conferring self-fertility. These analyses indicate that the heritability (h2) of self-fertility is 0.24 in day 1 female-phase flowers and 0.44 in day 4 flowers, self-fertility is primarily additive but shows some recessive effects, and self-fertility is estimated to be controlled by four genetic factors. In addition, we have evidence that there may be maternal effects for self-fertility, especially for weakly self-incompatible plants. The significance of these results in the context of mating system evolution is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara V Good-Avila
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA.
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18
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Good-Avila SV, Stephenson AG. THE INHERITANCE OF MODIFIERS CONFERRING SELF-FERTILITY IN THE PARTIALLY SELF-INCOMPATIBLE PERENNIAL,CAMPANULA RAPUNCULOIDES L. (CAMPANULACEAE). Evolution 2002. [DOI: 10.1554/0014-3820(2002)056[0263:tiomcs]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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19
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Abstract
Many bisexual flowering plants possess a reproductive strategy called self-incompatibility (SI) that enables the female tissue (the pistil) to reject self but accept non-self pollen for fertilization. Three different SI mechanisms are discussed, each controlled by two separate, highly polymorphic genes at the S-locus. For the Solanaceae and Papaveraceae types, the genes controlling female function in SI, the S-RNase gene and the S-gene, respectively, have been identified. For the Brassicaceae type, the gene controlling male function, SCR/SP11, and the gene controlling female function, SRK, have been identified. The S-RNase based mechanism involves degradation of RNA of self-pollen tubes; the S-protein based mechanism involves a signal transduction cascade in pollen, including a transient rise in [Ca(2+)]i and subsequent protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation; and the SRK (a receptor kinase) based mechanism involves interaction of a pollen ligand, SCR/SP11, with SRK, followed by a signal transduction cascade in the stigmatic surface cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G McCubbin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 403 Althouse Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-4500, USA.
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20
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Harbord RM, Napoli CA, Robbins TP. Segregation distortion of T-DNA markers linked to the self-incompatibility (S) locus in Petunia hybrida. Genetics 2000; 154:1323-33. [PMID: 10757773 PMCID: PMC1460971 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/154.3.1323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants with a gametophytic self-incompatibility system the specificity of the pollen is determined by the haploid genotype at the self-incompatibility (S) locus. In certain crosses this can lead to the exclusion of half the gametes from the male parent carrying a particular S-allele. This leads to pronounced segregation distortion for any genetic markers that are linked to the S-locus. We have used this approach to identify T-DNA insertions carrying a maize transposable element that are linked to the S-locus of Petunia hybrida. A total of 83 T-DNA insertions were tested for segregation distortion of the selectable marker used during transformation with Agrobacterium. Segregation distortion was observed for 12 T-DNA insertions and at least 8 of these were shown to be in the same linkage group by intercrossing. This indicates that differential transmission of a single locus (S) is probably responsible for all of these examples of T-DNA segregation distortion. The identification of selectable markers in coupling with a functional S-allele will allow the preselection of recombination events around the S-locus in petunia. Our approach provides a general method for identifying transgenes that are linked to gametophytic self-incompatibility loci and provides an opportunity for transposon tagging of the petunia S-locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Harbord
- Sainsbury Laboratory, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
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21
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McClure B, Mou B, Canevascini S, Bernatzky R. A small asparagine-rich protein required for S-allele-specific pollen rejection in Nicotiana. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999; 96:13548-53. [PMID: 10557358 PMCID: PMC23985 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.23.13548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/1999] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although S-locus RNases (S-RNases) determine the specificity of pollen rejection in self-incompatible (SI) solanaceous plants, they alone are not sufficient to cause S-allele-specific pollen rejection. To identify non-S-RNase sequences that are required for pollen rejection, a Nicotiana alata cDNA library was screened by differential hybridization. One clone, designated HT, hybridized strongly to RNA from N. alata styles but not to RNA from Nicotiana plumbaginifolia, a species known to lack one or more factors necessary for S-allele-specific pollen rejection. Sequence analysis revealed a 101-residue ORF including a putative secretion signal and an asparagine-rich domain near the C terminus. RNA blot analysis showed that the HT-transcript accumulates in the stigma and style before anthesis. The timing of HT-expression lags slightly behind S(C10)-RNase in SI N. alata S(C10)S(C10) and is well correlated with the onset of S-allele-specific pollen rejection in the style. An antisense-HT construct was prepared to test for a role in pollen rejection. Transformed (N. plumbaginifolia x SI N. alata S(C10)S(C10)) hybrids with reduced levels of HT-protein continued to express S(C10)-RNase but failed to reject S(C10)-pollen. Control hybrids expressing both S(C10)-RNase and HT-protein showed a normal S-allele-specific pollen rejection response. We conclude that HT-protein is directly implicated in pollen rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- B McClure
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, 117 Schweitzer Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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22
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Ishimizu T, Endo T, Yamaguchi-Kabata Y, Nakamura KT, Sakiyama F, Norioka S. Identification of regions in which positive selection may operate in S-RNase of Rosaceae: implication for S-allele-specific recognition sites in S-RNase. FEBS Lett 1998; 440:337-42. [PMID: 9872398 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(98)01470-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A stylar S-RNase is associated with gametophytic self-incompatibility in the Rosaceae, Solanaceae, and Scrophulariaceae. This S-RNase is responsible for S-allele-specific recognition in the self-incompatible reaction, but how it functions in specific discrimination is not clear. Window analysis of the numbers of synonymous (dS) and non-synonymous (dN) substitutions in rosaceous S-RNases detected four regions with an excess of dN over dS in which positive selection may operate (PS regions). The topology of the secondary structure of the S-RNases predicted by the PHD method is very similar to that of fungal RNase Rh whose tertiary structure is known. When the sequences of S-RNases are aligned with the sequence of RNase Rh based on the predicted secondary structures, the four PS regions correspond to two surface sites on the tertiary structure of RNase Rh. These findings suggest that in S-RNases the PS regions also form two sites and are candidates for the recognition sites for S-allele-specific discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ishimizu
- Division of Protein Chemistry, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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23
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Golz JF, Clarke AE, Newbigin E, Anderson M. A relic S-RNase is expressed in the styles of self-compatible Nicotiana sylvestris. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1998; 16:591-9. [PMID: 10036777 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.1998.00331.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We surveyed ribonuclease activity in the styles of Nicotiana spp. and found little or no activity in self-compatible species and in a self-compatible accession of a self-incompatible species. All self-incompatible species had high levels of ribonuclease activity in their style. Interestingly, one self-compatible species, N. sylvestris, had a level of stylar ribonuclease activity comparable to that of some self-incompatible Nicotiana species. A ribonuclease with biochemical properties similar to those of the self-incompatibility (S-)RNases of N. alata was purified from N. sylvestris styles. The N-terminal sequence of this protein was used to confirm the identity of a cDNA corresponding to the stylar RNase. The amino acid sequence deduced from the cDNA was related to those of the S-RNases and included the five conserved regions characteristic of these proteins. It appears that the N. sylvestris RNase may have evolved from the S-RNases and is an example of a 'relic S-RNase'. A number of features distinguish the N. sylvestris RNase from the S-RNases, and the role these may have played in the presumed loss of the self-incompatibility response during the evolution of this species are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Golz
- Plant Cell Biology Research Centre, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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24
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S-related protein can be recombined with self-compatibility in interspecific derivatives ofLycopersicon. Biochem Genet 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00553620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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S-related protein can be recombined with self-compatibility in interspecific derivatives ofLycopersicon. Biochem Genet 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02401852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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27
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Kowyama Y, Kunz C, Lewis I, Newbigin E, Clarke AE, Anderson MA. Self-compatibility in aLycopersicon peruvianum variant (LA2157) is associated with a lack of style S-RNase activity. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1994; 88:859-64. [PMID: 24186189 DOI: 10.1007/bf01253997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/1993] [Accepted: 12/21/1993] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A series of crosses between a naturally-occurring self-compatible accession ofLycopersicon peruvianum and a closely-related self-incompatible accession were used to demonstrate that the mutation to self-compatibility is located at the S-locus. Progeny of the crosses contain abundant style proteins of about 30 kDa that segregate with the S6and S7-alleles from the SI parent and the Sc-allele from the SC parent. The S6and S7-associated proteins have ribonuclease activity whereas the Sc-associated protein is not an active ribonuclease. This finding indicates that S-RNases are determinants of self-incompatibility in the style and that the ribonuclease activity is essential for their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kowyama
- Plant Cell Biology Research Centre, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, 3052, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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28
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Royo J, Kunz C, Kowyama Y, Anderson M, Clarke AE, Newbigin E. Loss of a histidine residue at the active site of S-locus ribonuclease is associated with self-compatibility in Lycopersicon peruvianum. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1994; 91:6511-4. [PMID: 8022814 PMCID: PMC44232 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.91.14.6511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Gametophytic self-incompatibility in the Solanaceae is controlled by a single, multiallelic locus, the S locus. We have recently described an allele of the S locus of Lycopersicon peruvianum that caused this normally self-incompatible plant to become self-compatible. We have now characterized two glycoproteins present in the styles of self-compatible and self-incompatible accessions of L. peruvianum: one is a ribonuclease that cosegregates with a functional self-incompatibility allele (S6 allele); the other cosegregates with the self-compatible allele (Sc allele) but has no ribonuclease activity. The derived amino acid sequences of the cDNAs encoding the S6 and Sc glycoproteins resemble sequences of other ribonucleases encoded by the S locus. The derived sequence for the Sc glycoprotein differs from the others by lacking one of the histidine residues found in all other S-locus ribonucleases. These findings demonstrate the essential role of ribonuclease activity in self-incompatibility and lend further weight to evidence that this histidine residue is involved in the catalytic site of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Royo
- Plant Cell Biology Research Centre, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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29
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Lee HS, Huang S, Kao T. S proteins control rejection of incompatible pollen in Petunia inflata. Nature 1994; 367:560-3. [PMID: 7509041 DOI: 10.1038/367560a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Flowering plants have evolved various stratagems to prevent inbreeding and promote outcrosses. One such mechanism, gametophytic self-incompatibility, provides a genetic barrier to self-fertilization, and in the simplest cases is controlled by the highly polymorphic S locus. Growth of a pollen tube in the style is arrested when the S allele carried by the pollen matches one of the two S alleles carried by the pistil. Putative S allele proteins of the pistil have been identified in several solanaceous species based on their co-segregation with S alleles, and they have been shown to be ribonucleases. So far, there has been only correlative or indirect evidence for the claim that these S allele-associated proteins (S proteins) are involved in recognition and rejection of self pollen. Here we show that inhibition of synthesis of S3 and S2 proteins in Petunia inflata plants of S2S3 genotype by the antisense S3 gene resulted in failure of the transgenic plants to reject S3 and S2 pollen. We further show that expression of the transgene encoding S3 protein in P. inflata plants of S1S2 genotype confers on the transgenic plants the ability to reject S3 pollen. The self-incompatibility behaviour of the pollen was not affected by the transgene in either set of experiments. Taken together, these findings provide direct in vivo evidence that S proteins control the self-incompatibility behaviour of the pistil.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
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30
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Clark AG, Kao TH. Self-incompatibility: theoretical concepts and evolution. ADVANCES IN CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-1669-7_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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31
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Hinata K, Watanabe M, Toriyama K, Isogai A. A Review of Recent Studies on Homomorphic Self-Incompatibility. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)61877-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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32
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Abstract
In certain families of flowering plants, a self-incompatibility (SI) locus prevents self-fertilization, by a specific interaction between the S-gene product produced in the pistil and the S-gene products borne on or expressed by the male gametophyte, the pollen grain. The female S-locus gene products for two families showing different types of SI have been putatively identified as major pistil glycoproteins (the S-locus-specific glycoproteins of the Brassicaceae and the S-RNases of the Solanaceae). However, they are distinct in sequence and mode of action. The nature of the S-locus gene product borne by the pollen is still uncertain in both systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Thompson
- Max-Planck-Institut für Züchtungsforschung, Köln, FRG
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33
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Dzelzkalns VA, Nasrallah JB, Nasrallah ME. Cell-cell communication in plants: self-incompatibility in flower development. Dev Biol 1992; 153:70-82. [PMID: 1516753 DOI: 10.1016/0012-1606(92)90092-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Self-incompatibility, a mechanism that prevents self-fertilization in plants, is based on the ability of the pistil to discern the presence of self-pollen and on the female tissue's capacity to inhibit the growth or germination of self-related, but not of genetically unrelated, pollen. As a self-recognition system, self-incompatibility responds to specific cellular products and signals and thus offers a unique system in which to study the components of cellular communication in plants. The cytological manifestations of self-incompatibility have been well studied, and, with the cloning of cDNAs for several proteins associated with this recognition process, a detailed molecular view of self-incompatibility is emerging.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Dzelzkalns
- Section of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
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34
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Singh A, Kao TH. Gametophytic self-incompatibility: biochemical, molecular genetic, and evolutionary aspects. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 1992; 140:449-83. [PMID: 1446981 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)61106-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Singh
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
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