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Liu A, Sun Y, Wang X, Ihsan A, Tao Y, Chen D, Peng D, Wu Q, Wang X, Yuan Z. DNA methylation is involved in pro-inflammatory cytokines expression in T-2 toxin-induced liver injury. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 132:110661. [PMID: 31279042 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Currently, T-2 toxin has been reported to cause liver toxicity with the effects of oxidative stress and inflammation; however, the underlying mechanism of T-2 toxin-induced liver injury is not fully understood. Increasing lines of evidence show that DNA methylation affects the expression of inflammatory cytokine, and plays a crucial role in autoimmune diseases. Nevertheless, the potential role of DNA methylation in the hepatotoxicity of T-2 toxin has not been explored. In this study, female Wistar rats were given a single dose of T-2 toxin at 2 mg/kg b.w. and were sacrificed at 1, 3 and 7 days post-exposure. In vitro, a normal rat liver cell line (BRL) was exposed to different concentrations of T-2 toxin. Histopathological analysis was used to investigate damage to the liver, which was detected at the molecular level by RT-PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemical assays, methylation-specific PCR (MSP), bisulfite sequencing (BSP), and flow cytometry. The results showed that T-2 toxin significantly increased the levels of DNA methyltransferases (DNMT1, DNMT3A), which were mainly concentrated at the site of liver injury. The 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) level of genomic DNA was also raised in T-2 toxin-treated rat livers. The expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, IL-11, IL-1α, and TNF-α) increased both in vivo and in vitro under T-2 toxin treatment. Notably, DNA demethylation directly increased the expression of cytokines IL-11, IL-6, IL-α, and TNF-α under T-2 toxin exposure. DNA methylation inhibitors combined with T-2 toxin directly or indirectly induced the production of inflammatory cytokines and aggravate cell apoptosis. Our study uncovered for the first time that DNA methylation is related to the expression of inflammatory cytokines in T-2 toxin-induced liver injury. These findings suggested that DNA methylation is a potential mechanism of T-2 toxin-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimei Liu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Yaqi Sun
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Awais Ihsan
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal Campus, Pakistan
| | - Yanfei Tao
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongmei Chen
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Dapeng Peng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, China
| | - Qinghua Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, 50003, Czech Republic.
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Hubei, 430070, China.
| | - Zonghui Yuan
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Hubei, 430070, China; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, China
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Chandratre GA, Telang AG, Badgujar PC, Raut SS, Sharma AK. Toxicopathological alterations induced by high dose dietary T-2 mycotoxin and its residue detection in Wistar rats. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2014; 67:124-138. [PMID: 24553812 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-014-0006-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
T-2 toxin is one of the most potent cytotoxic and food-borne mycotoxins. Most experimental studies on the T-2 toxin have been performed at extremely low doses (ppb level). However, several field reports of contaminated feed have shown concentration of T-2 toxin to be as high as ≥20 ppm. Therefore, the impact of high dose T-2 toxin (20 ppm) after subacute exposure was investigated in an experimental setup with respect to growth performance, oxidative stress, and detailed pathomorphology in young male Wistar rats. Furthermore, to see the effect of such a high dose on the accumulation of T-2 toxin, its residues in various organs were quantified by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). Apart from obvious clinical toxicosis, rats in the toxin-fed group showed significant hemato-biochemical alterations and increased levels of biological markers of oxidative stress with concomitant decrease in levels of serum and tissue catalase and superoxide dismutase. These alterations were strongly supported by histopathological changes, such as hyperkeratosis and hyperplasia of the squamous gastric mucosa, oxidative damage to hepatocytes, atrophy of the thymus and spleen, and overall decrease in the spermatogenic activity of testes. An economical, simple, reliable, and quick method for the detection and quantification of T-2 toxin residues by HPTLC is also reported here. No residual T-2 toxin was detected in any of the organs tested, suggesting that T-2 toxin does not accumulate in tissues even at such a high exposure level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauri A Chandratre
- Mycotic and Mycotoxic Diseases Laboratory, Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India,
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