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Neuroethology of acoustic communication in field crickets - from signal generation to song recognition in an insect brain. Prog Neurobiol 2020; 194:101882. [PMID: 32673695 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Field crickets are best known for the loud calling songs produced by males to attract conspecific females. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge of the neurobiological basis underlying the acoustic communication for mate finding in field crickets with emphasis on the recent research progress to understand the neuronal networks for motor pattern generation and auditory pattern recognition of the calling song in Gryllus bimaculatus. Strong scientific interest into the neural mechanisms underlying intraspecific communication has driven persistently advancing research efforts to study the male singing behaviour and female phonotaxis for mate finding in these insects. The growing neurobiological understanding also inspired many studies testing verifiable hypotheses in sensory ecology, bioacoustics and on the genetics and evolution of behaviour. Over last decades, acoustic communication in field crickets served as a very successful neuroethological model system. It has contributed significantly to the scientific process of establishing, reconsidering and refining fundamental concepts in behavioural neurosciences such as command neurons, central motor pattern generation, corollary discharge processing and pattern recognition by sensory feature detection, which are basic building blocks of our modern understanding on how nervous systems control and generate behaviour in all animals.
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Schneider E, Hennig RM. Temporal resolution for calling song signals by female crickets, Gryllus bimaculatus. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2011; 198:181-91. [PMID: 22086085 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-011-0698-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Revised: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A behavioural gap detection paradigm was used to determine the temporal resolution for song patterns by female crickets, Gryllus bimaculatus. For stimuli with a modulation depth of 100% the critical gap duration was 6-8 ms. A reduction of the modulation depth of gaps to 50% led either to an increase or a decrease of the critical gap duration. In the latter case, the critical gap duration dropped to 3-4 ms indicating a higher sensitivity of auditory processing. The response curve for variation of pulse period was not limited by temporal resolution. However, the reduced response to stimuli with a high duty cycle, and thus short pause durations, was in accordance with the limits of temporal resolution. The critical duration of masking pulses inserted into pauses was 4-6 ms. An analysis of the songs of males revealed that gaps (5.8 ms) and masking pulses (6.9 ms) were at detectable time scales for the auditory pathway of female crickets. However, most of the observed temporal variation of song patterns was tolerated by females. Critical cues such as pulse period and pulse duty cycle provided little basis for inter-individual selection by females.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Schneider
- Behavioural Physiology, Department of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstr. 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany
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Poulet JFA, Hedwig B. A corollary discharge mechanism modulates central auditory processing in singing crickets. J Neurophysiol 2003; 89:1528-40. [PMID: 12626626 DOI: 10.1152/jn.0846.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Crickets communicate using loud (100 dB SPL) sound signals that could adversely affect their own auditory system. To examine how they cope with this self-generated acoustic stimulation, intracellular recordings were made from auditory afferent neurons and an identified auditory interneuron-the Omega 1 neuron (ON1)-during pharmacologically elicited singing (stridulation). During sonorous stridulation, the auditory afferents and ON1 responded with bursts of spikes to the crickets' own song. When the crickets were stridulating silently, after one wing had been removed, only a few spikes were recorded in the afferents and ON1. Primary afferent depolarizations (PADs) occurred in the terminals of the auditory afferents, and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) were apparent in ON1. The PADs and IPSPs were composed of many summed, small-amplitude potentials that occurred at a rate of about 230 Hz. The PADs and the IPSPs started during the closing wing movement and peaked in amplitude during the subsequent opening wing movement. As a consequence, during silent stridulation, ON1's response to acoustic stimuli was maximally inhibited during wing opening. Inhibition coincides with the time when ON1 would otherwise be most strongly excited by self-generated sounds in a sonorously stridulating cricket. The PADs and the IPSPs persisted in fictively stridulating crickets whose ventral nerve cord had been isolated from muscles and sense organs. This strongly suggests that the inhibition of the auditory pathway is the result of a corollary discharge from the stridulation motor network. The central inhibition was mimicked by hyperpolarizing current injection into ON1 while it was responding to a 100 dB SPL sound pulse. This suppressed its spiking response to the acoustic stimulus and maintained its response to subsequent, quieter stimuli. The corollary discharge therefore prevents auditory desensitization in stridulating crickets and allows the animals to respond to external acoustic signals during the production of calling song.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F A Poulet
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom.
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Pires A, Hoy RR. Temperature coupling in cricket acoustic communication. II. Localization of temperature effects on song production and recognition networks in Gryllus firmus. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 1992; 171:79-92. [PMID: 1403993 DOI: 10.1007/bf00195963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Acoustic communication in Gryllus firmus is temperature-coupled: temperature induces parallel changes in male calling song temporal pattern, and in female preference for song. Temperature effects on song production and recognition networks were localized by selectively warming head or thorax or both head and thorax of intact crickets, then eliciting aggression song production (males) or phonotaxis to synthetic calling song (females). Because male song is produced by a thoracic central pattern generator (CPG), and because head ganglia are necessary for female song recognition, measurements of female phonotaxis under such conditions may be used to test the following competing hypotheses about organization of the song recognition network: 1. A set of neurons homologous to the male song CPG exist in the female, and are used as a template that determines preferred values of song temporal parameters for song pattern recognition (the common neural elements hypothesis), and 2. temporal pattern preference is determined entirely within the head ganglia. Neither selective warming of the head nor of the thorax was effective in changing female song preference, but simultaneous warming of head and thorax shifted preference toward a faster song in most preparations, as did warming the whole animal by raising ambient temperature. These results suggest that phonotactic preference for song temporal pattern is plurisegmentally determined in field crickets. Selective warming experiments during aggression song production in males revealed that syllable period is influenced but not completely determined by thoracic temperature; head temperature is irrelevant. The song CPG appears to receive some rate-setting information from outside the thoracic central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pires
- Kewalo Marine Laboratory, University of Hawaii, Honolulu 96813
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Bartos M, Honegger HW. Complex innervation of three neck muscles by motor and dorsal unpaired median neurons in crickets. Cell Tissue Res 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00302979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Cricket Neuroethology: Neuronal Basis of Intraspecific Acoustic Communication. ADVANCES IN THE STUDY OF BEHAVIOR 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3454(08)60206-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Hennig RM. Neuromuscular activity during stridulation in the cricketTeleogryllus commodus. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 1989. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00610882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Elliott CJH, Koch UT, Sch�ffner KH, Huber F. Wing movements during cricket stridulation are affected by mechanosensory input from wing hair plates. Naturwissenschaften 1982. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00396441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
Timing of the repetitive movements that constitute any rhythmic behavior is regulated by intrinsic properties of the central nervous system rather than by sensory feedback from moving parts of the body. Evidence of this permits resolution of the long-standing controversy over the neural basis of rhythmic behavior and aids in the identification of this mechanism as a general principle of neural organization applicable to all animals with central nervous systems.
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Boyan GS. Directional responses to sound in the central nervous system of the cricketTeleogryllus commodus (Orthoptera: Gryllidea). J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 1979. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00611049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
Cricket ecdysis (molting) requires continuously changing output in hundreds of motoneurons over a period of several hours, and exhibits considerable plasticity. Despite this complexity, analysis of identified motor units reveals a highly organized three-layered infrastructure, and indicates that the "small system" paradigm currently applied to simple invertebrate motor programs can be extended to much more sophisticated behavioral performances.
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Casaday GB, Hoy RR. Auditory interneurons in the cricketTeleogryllus oceanicus: Physiological and anatomical properties. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 1977. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00614177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Young D. Chordotonal organs associated with the sound producing apparatus of cicadas (Insecta, Homoptera). ZOOMORPHOLOGY 1975. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00301152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Sensory and Neuronal Mechanisms Underlying Acoustic Communication in Orthopteran Insects. ADVANCES IN BEHAVIORAL BIOLOGY 1975. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-3078-3_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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Neural economy: Bifunctional muscles and common central pattern elements in leg and wing stridulation of the grasshopperStenobothrus rubicundus Germ. (Orthoptera: Acrididae). J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 1974. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00696188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Rheinlaender J, Kalmring K. Die afferente H�rbahn im Bereich des Zentralnervensystems vonDecticus verrucivorus (Tettigoniidae). J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 1973. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00696390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Moser JG, Bode HJ, Ade H, Herzfeld A. Progressive muscular dystrophy of insect dorsolongitudinal muscle. Immunological and electron microscopical investigations in crickets. VIRCHOWS ARCHIV. B, CELL PATHOLOGY 1972; 11:234-50. [PMID: 4628771 DOI: 10.1007/bf02889402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Abstract
Stridulating Uhler's katydids produce the most complex song known for insects. Series of four types of sounds are made in stereotyped sequence. Sound-synchronized high-speed photography reveals that each type of sound is produced by a distinctively different wing-movement cycle. The most complex of these cycles includes a two-step closure and a nearly silent close-open movement.
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Weber T. Stabilisierung des Flugrhythmus durch ?Erfahrung? bei der Feldgrille. Naturwissenschaften 1972. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00617917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Wilhelm R, Kutsch W. [A tuneable amplifier for the recording of insect voices]. EXPERIENTIA 1971; 27:113-4. [PMID: 5549222 DOI: 10.1007/bf02137774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Kutsch W. The development of the flight pattern in the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 1971. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00339930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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M�ss D. Sinnesorgane im Bereich des Fl�gels der Feldgrille (Gryllus campestris L.) und ihre Bedeutung f�r die Kontrolle der Singbewegung und die Einstellung der Fl�gellage. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 1971. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00297702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Bilateral symmetry in the mediation of circadian differences in earthworms. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 1970. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00340907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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