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Ghosh S, Huda P, Fletcher N, Campbell D, Thurecht KJ, Walsh B. Clinical development of an anti-GPC-1 antibody for the treatment of cancer. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2022; 22:603-613. [DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2022.2033204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Ghosh
- Centre for Advanced Imaging (CAI)-Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technologies, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Pie Huda
- Centre for Advanced Imaging (CAI)-Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technologies, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicholas Fletcher
- Centre for Advanced Imaging (CAI)-Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technologies, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Kristofer J. Thurecht
- Centre for Advanced Imaging (CAI)-Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technologies, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Sabanathan D, Lund ME, Campbell DH, Walsh BJ, Gurney H. Radioimmunotherapy for solid tumors: spotlight on Glypican-1 as a radioimmunotherapy target. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2021; 13:17588359211022918. [PMID: 34646364 PMCID: PMC8504276 DOI: 10.1177/17588359211022918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Radioimmunotherapy (i.e., the use of radiolabeled tumor targeting antibodies) is an emerging approach for the diagnosis, therapy, and monitoring of solid tumors. Often using paired agents, each targeting the same tumor molecule, but labelled with an imaging or therapeutic isotope, radioimmunotherapy has achieved promising clinical results in relatively radio-resistant solid tumors such as prostate. Several approaches to optimize therapeutic efficacy, such as dose fractionation and personalized dosimetry, have seen clinical success. The clinical use and optimization of a radioimmunotherapy approach is, in part, influenced by the targeted tumor antigen, several of which have been proposed for different solid tumors. Glypican-1 (GPC-1) is a heparan sulfate proteoglycan that is expressed in a variety of solid tumors, but whose expression is restricted in normal adult tissue. Here, we discuss the preclinical and clinical evidence for the potential of GPC-1 as a radioimmunotherapy target. We describe the current treatment paradigm for several solid tumors expressing GPC-1 and suggest the potential clinical utility of a GPC-1 directed radioimmunotherapy for these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanusha Sabanathan
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Howard Gurney
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, 2 Technology Place, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
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Workman P, Aboagye EO, Balkwill F, Balmain A, Bruder G, Chaplin DJ, Double JA, Everitt J, Farningham DAH, Glennie MJ, Kelland LR, Robinson V, Stratford IJ, Tozer GM, Watson S, Wedge SR, Eccles SA. Guidelines for the welfare and use of animals in cancer research. Br J Cancer 2010; 102:1555-77. [PMID: 20502460 PMCID: PMC2883160 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1057] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal experiments remain essential to understand the fundamental mechanisms underpinning malignancy and to discover improved methods to prevent, diagnose and treat cancer. Excellent standards of animal care are fully consistent with the conduct of high quality cancer research. Here we provide updated guidelines on the welfare and use of animals in cancer research. All experiments should incorporate the 3Rs: replacement, reduction and refinement. Focusing on animal welfare, we present recommendations on all aspects of cancer research, including: study design, statistics and pilot studies; choice of tumour models (e.g., genetically engineered, orthotopic and metastatic); therapy (including drugs and radiation); imaging (covering techniques, anaesthesia and restraint); humane endpoints (including tumour burden and site); and publication of best practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Workman
- Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK.
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Raghavan D. Bladder Cancer: Optimal Application of Preclinical Models to Suitable Translational Questions. Sci Transl Med 2010; 2:22ps11. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3000215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Zhou J, Xie S, Guo X, Mo Z. Intravesical instillation in pure line LEW rats and nude mice. JOURNAL OF HUAZHONG UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. MEDICAL SCIENCES = HUA ZHONG KE JI DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE YING DE WEN BAN = HUAZHONG KEJI DAXUE XUEBAO. YIXUE YINGDEWEN BAN 2007; 27:288-90. [PMID: 17641844 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-007-0318-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2006] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In order to study bladder intravesical instillation methods in pure line LEW rats and nude mice, female LEW rats and nude mice aged 2 to 4 weeks were sacrificed. Their urethra and bladder were observed under anatomical microscopy. A trochar was prepared according to the outline and angle of the urethra. Ink was poured into female rats and nude mice bladder though urethra. Filling and staining of bladder were observed and evaluated under anatomical microscopy. Status and urethral injury of rats and mice were observed. The results showed that urethra anatomic structure of rats and nude mice was different from that of human urethra. When bladder was filled with ink and became blue, liquid was not seen to leak out. The success rate of intubation was high (100%). Living activities of animals weren't influenced by intravesical instillation. It was concluded that bladder irrigation might be a kind of valid and utilizable method in pure line rat and nude mouse empirical study. The model may be a more effective tool for study of bladder tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
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Liu J, Johnston MR. Animal models for studying lung cancer and evaluating novel intervention strategies. Surg Oncol 2002; 11:217-27. [PMID: 12450558 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-7404(02)00053-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of lung cancer progression, invasion and metastasis remains undefined. Clinically relevant laboratory models of the disease could greatly facilitate its clarification. Model systems of lung cancer that accurately reflect different biologic properties and disease stages are necessary to ensure proper experimental design of studies aimed at increasing our understanding of the disease. Such models are also essential tools to accelerate development of new therapies for lung cancer. In this review we summarize the available lung cancer model systems in use today and define both their utility and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, Division of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Ont., Canada
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Johnston MR, Mullen JB, Pagura ME, Howard RB. Validation of an orthotopic model of human lung cancer with regional and systemic metastases. Ann Thorac Surg 2001; 71:1120-5. [PMID: 11308147 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-4975(00)02658-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We developed an orthotopic model of human lung cancer that exhibits highly predictable regional and systemic metastases. This study examines the response of the model when treated with conventional and experimental chemotherapy. METHODS NCI-H460 tumor fragments were implanted into the right caudal lung lobe of a nude rat. Treatment commenced 2 weeks later. We assessed response by comparing primary tumor and mediastinal lymph node weights, total body weight, and length of survival with untreated, tumor-bearing control animals. We also calculated the incidence of metastasis to kidney, bone, brain, and contralateral lung in treated versus untreated animals. RESULTS Mitomycin and cisplatin showed broad activity against primary and metastatic disease. The matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor batimastat, low-dose cisplatin, and mitomycin significantly prolonged survival. High-dose cisplatin caused renal toxicity that shortened survival. Brain metastases did not respond to mitomycin, consistent with its poor blood-brain barrier penetration. CONCLUSIONS Responses were similar to NCI-H460 in vitro data and consistent with clinical experience for these drugs. Drug-related toxicities similar to those seen in clinical practice were detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Johnston
- Division of Thoracic Surgery and the Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.
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Jackson P, Kingsley EA, Russell PJ. Inverse correlation between KAI1 mRNA levels and invasive behaviour in bladder cancer cell lines. Cancer Lett 2000; 156:9-17. [PMID: 10840154 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(00)00427-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that levels of KAI1 mRNA are dramatically reduced in invasive human bladder cancers. To further investigate the role of KAI1 in bladder cancer, we have examined the relationship between KAI1 mRNA levels and cell behaviour in 18 bladder cancer cell lines and a virus-transformed uro-epithelial cell line. We found that low KAI1 mRNA levels correlated with increased in vitro invasive ability, reduced Ca(2+)-dependent and -independent cell-cell adhesion and reduced adhesion to fibronectin. These data support the idea that loss of KAI1 expression is an important factor in tumour cell invasive behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Jackson
- Oncology Research Centre, Level 2, Old Theatre Block, Prince of Wales Hospital, New South Wales 2031, Randwick, Australia.
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Animal models for tumor localization. METHODS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE 2000. [PMID: 21337091 DOI: 10.1385/1-59259-076-4:193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Many factors influence the uptake of radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in tumors. Some are dependent on the antibody, such as affinity, intact immunoglobulin or fragment, route of administration, choice of radio isotope, or method of labeling. Others depend on properties of the tumor, such as site, size, vasculature, and antigen density on the tumor cell surface. Animal models for studying these parameters are usually based on mice or rats bearing transplanted tumors. In this chapter, various tumor model systems will be described with some discussion of what data can be obtained using them.
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Barnetson AR, Banasiak D, Fisher RJ, Mameghan H, Ribeiro JC, Brown K, Brown JL, O'Mara SM, Russell PJ. Heterogeneity of in vitro radiosensitivity in human bladder cancer cells. RADIATION ONCOLOGY INVESTIGATIONS 1999; 7:66-76. [PMID: 10333247 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1520-6823(1999)7:2<66::aid-roi2>3.0.co;2-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Human bladder cancer is often heterogeneous containing biologically different populations. Radiotherapy plus chemotherapy is the most common treatment for invasive disease. However few studies have investigated the role of heterogeneity in determining radiosensitivity. The radiation sensitivities of a parent human bladder cancer cell line (UCRU-BL-17CL) and nine cloned cell lines derived from it were determined. These cloned cell lines were previously shown to exhibit different biological characteristics when grown in nude mice. Radiation sensitivity was determined using both MTT and clonogenic assays. The radiobiological parameters, alpha,beta, and surviving fractions at 2 Gy and 8 Gy from the linear-quadratic model, were used to assess radiation sensitivity in the statistical analyses. The nine clones differed in radiosensitivity by both assays. By MTT, but not by the clonogenic assay, their radiation sensitivities were relatively consistent within each of the three biological groups (non-tumorigenic, tumorigenic, invasive); invasive clones were more sensitive than those of the non-tumorigenic and the tumorigenic groups for all the three-test criteria. The heterogeneity exhibited by this cell line may explain some of the variations in the clinical responses seen in the radiation treatment of invasive bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Barnetson
- Oncology Research Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
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Howard RB, Mullen JB, Pagura ME, Johnston MR. Characterization of a highly metastatic, orthotopic lung cancer model in the nude rat. Clin Exp Metastasis 1999; 17:157-62. [PMID: 10411108 DOI: 10.1023/a:1006637712294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The prevailing subcutaneous nude rodent tumor xenograft models used for biological and preclinical studies do not optimally reflect some important biological properties of cancer, especially invasion and metastasis. Orthotopic models have been developed to address this need. However, for lung cancer none of the available models are optimal, in that none originate from an orthotopic (bronchial) primary site and exhibit extensive extrathoracic metastasis. Our goal was to develop a consistent rodent model of non-small cell lung cancer with both of these properties. Groups of male Rowett nude rats were given 500 rads of gamma radiation and then endobronchially implanted in the right caudal lobe airway with 50 mg of small NCI-H460 tumor fragments taken from an orthotopic donor tumor. They were then sacrificed at selected post-implantation times and evaluated grossly and histologically for animal weight, primary tumor take and size, and metastatic tumor incidence at multiple sites. At a late time point (32-35 days), consistency of primary tumor size and metastasis was estimated by comparing results from four groups of rats implanted on different occasions. The results showed that the primary tumors grew steadily, reaching four grams by days 32-35. Rats gained weight until days 14 to 21, but then began to show cachexia. High metastatic rates (>60%) were seen for mediastinal lymph nodes (by 21 days), and kidney, bone and brain (by 28 days). Mean primary tumor size and the incidences of both regional and systemic metastasis were consistent at 32-35 days in four different groups of six animals. In conclusion, this orthotopic lung cancer model is highly metastatic and consistent in terms of both primary tumor growth and metastatic behavior. It is the only available rodent model of human lung cancer emanating from an endobronchial site and metastasizing to multiple extrapulmonary sites, and should be very useful for both biological and preclinical studies of lung cancer, particularly where studies of antimetastatic activity are of interest, and/or where survival studies are desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Howard
- Department of Surgery, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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12
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A Model of Bladder Tumor Xenografts in the Nude Rat. J Urol 1995. [DOI: 10.1097/00005392-199511000-00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Oshinsky GS, Chen Y, Jarrett T, Anderson AE, Weiss GH. A Model of Bladder Tumor Xenografts in the Nude Rat. J Urol 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(01)66827-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gary S. Oshinsky
- Departments of Urology and Pathology, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York
| | - Yu Chen
- Departments of Urology and Pathology, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York
| | - Thomas Jarrett
- Departments of Urology and Pathology, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York
| | - Ann E. Anderson
- Departments of Urology and Pathology, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York
| | - Gary H. Weiss
- Departments of Urology and Pathology, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York
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Dinney CP, Fishbeck R, Singh RK, Eve B, Pathak S, Brown N, Xie B, Fan D, Bucana CD, Fidler IJ. Isolation and characterization of metastatic variants from human transitional cell carcinoma passaged by orthotopic implantation in athymic nude mice. J Urol 1995. [PMID: 7658585 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(01)66923-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE These studies were designed to develop an orthotopic model for human bladder cancer and to isolate variant metastatic cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS The human bladder cancer cell line 253J was implanted into the muscular wall of the bladder of athymic nude mice. By in vivo recycling, we selected for 2 variant cell lines: 253J B-V, a bladder line isolated after 5 serial passages in the bladder, and 253J lung-IV, established from a lung tumor nodule that was recycled through the bladder. RESULTS These 2 cell lines showed enhanced tumorigenicity, as measured by a decreased latent period, and rapid growth as compared with the parental cell line. Moreover, orthotopic implantation of these cell lines resulted in metastasis to the lungs. These in vivo-selected, metastatic cell lines exhibited unique karyotypic alterations, increased anchorage-independent growth, overexpression of basic fibroblast growth factor, altered expression of adhesion molecules and the ability to migrate through Matrigel. CONCLUSIONS This reproducible model of human bladder cancer offers the opportunity to study cellular properties associated with tumor progression and metastasis and is suitable for the evaluation of new therapeutic strategies for invasive bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Dinney
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA
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15
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Isolation and Characterization of Metastatic Variants from Human Transitional Cell Carcinoma Passaged by Orthotopic Implantation in Athymic Nude Mice. J Urol 1995. [DOI: 10.1097/00005392-199510000-00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Brown JL, Lukeis R, Palividis Z, Wass J, Raghavan D, Russell PJ. Karyotypic analysis of a heterogeneous human transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1994; 72:116-25. [PMID: 8143269 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(94)90126-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The UCRU-BL-17 (BL-17) series of xenografts, tissue culture sublines, and cloned cell lines (Fig. 1) shows a range of heterogeneous growth characteristics both in vitro and in vivo (Table 1) and represents a model of human bladder cancer heterogeneity. Cytogenetic analysis was undertaken to determine if specific chromosome changes correlated with particular aspects of the heterogeneous phenotypes. The BL-17 sublines and cloned cell lines shared many common chromosome abnormalities. Indeed, the cloned cell lines showed nearly identical karyotypes despite their marked differences in growth characteristics. Karyotypic evolution with passage through the nude mice was apparent, however. This evolution occurred at the specific chromosome regions of 1p12, 3cen-3p21, and 6cen-6q21. Whether the heterogeneity of karyotype between the BL-17 cell lines resulted from the existence of multiple clones in the original patient tumor or from karyotypic instability through passage in nude mice is uncertain, but in either case the specificity of karyotypic evolution observed suggests that 1p12, 3cen-3p21, and 6cen-6q21 are hotspots for rearrangement in the BL-17 tumor. No specific correlations between chromosome abnormalities and biologic characteristics could be made, but several unique karyotypic features arose in the progression to two of the sublines, BL-17/23 alpha and BL-17/0/X2A, coinciding with a loss of anchorage-independent growth by BL-17/23 alpha and a change in growth in vivo from a solid tumor to a fluid-filled tumor by BL-17/0/X2A.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Brown
- Kanematsu Laboratories, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Victoria, Australia
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Russell PJ, Davis K, Kingsley E, Humphreys J, Hanley J, O'Grady H, Pearce N. Preclinical studies of monoclonal antibodies for intravesical radioimmunotherapy of human bladder cancer. CELL BIOPHYSICS 1994; 24-25:155-61. [PMID: 7736520 DOI: 10.1007/bf02789226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Eighty percent of bladder cancers present as superficial disease. Many are multifocal, and apparently successful treatment is frequently followed by recurrence. The use of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to target radiotherapy to these tumors offers great potential, especially since they can be administered directly into the bladder (intravesically) bypassing many of the side effects encountered to date with systemic MAb-based therapy. Implantation of human bladder cancer cell lines in the bladder wall of nude rats results in tumor formation, providing an excellent model to test this. Tumor size can be monitored by X-ray analysis after administration of urograffin. Comparative studies of two murine MAbs, BLCA-8, IgG3, and C1-137, IgG1, against malignant human bladder cancer cells have been performed. Radioimmunoconjugates produced with 125Iodine (125I) have been used for biodistribution studies following administration directly into rat bladder. Radioiodinated intact MAbs or Fabs administered intravesically into nontumor bearing rats did not leak into the systemic circulation and were stable in urine for up to 100 h. Biodistribution studies carried out following intravesical administration of radioimmunoconjugates to tumor-bearing nude rats indicate better tumor uptake of C1-137 than BLCA-8. Further studies to test two-step intravesical administration of biotinylated MAb followed by radioiodinated streptavidin are in progress. Our studies indicate that the C1-137 MAb may have considerable potential for intravesical radioimmunotherapy of patients with superficial bladder tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Russell
- Oncology Research Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
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Russell PJ, Plomley J, Raghavan D. The use of monoclonal antibodies for the diagnosis and therapy of bladder cancer. BRITISH JOURNAL OF UROLOGY 1993; 71:121-9. [PMID: 8461941 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.1993.tb15903.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P J Russell
- Kanematsu Laboratories, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Sydney, Australia
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Russell PJ, Plomley J, Shon IH, O'Grady H, Pearce N. Monoclonal antibodies for intravesical radioimmunotherapy of human bladder cancer. CELL BIOPHYSICS 1993; 22:27-47. [PMID: 7889541 DOI: 10.1007/bf03033865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Local administration of radioimmunoconjugates may allow successful tumor therapy. Bladder cancer appears well suited to this approach, because of its superficial and multifocal nature, and because it will allow direct intravesical administration of conjugates. Implantation of human bladder cancer cell lines in the bladder wall of nude rats results in tumor formation, providing an excellent model to test this. We have developed two murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), BLCA-8, IgG3, and BLCA-38, IgG1, both of which react with malignant cells and shed into voided urine of patients with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder, but not with normal bladder urothelial cells. Radioimmunoconjugates produced with 131Iodine (131I) or 125I have been used for biodistribution studies following administration directly into the bladder. Radioiodinated intact MAbs or Fabs administered intravesically into nontumor-bearing rats did not leak into the systemic circulation and were stable in urine for up to 100 h. Biodistribution studies carried out following intraperitoneal or intravesical administration of radioimmunoconjugates to tumor-bearing nude rats indicate good tumor uptake of both MAbs. Together with immunoreactivity assays, these studies demonstrate that 131I-labeled MAbs have considerable potential for intravesical radioimmunotherapy of human bladder tumors, and further studies are under way.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Intravesical
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/analysis
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/immunology
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/therapy
- Female
- Humans
- Immunoconjugates/immunology
- Immunoconjugates/therapeutic use
- Immunoconjugates/urine
- Iodine Radioisotopes
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Neoplasm Transplantation/methods
- Radioimmunotherapy
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/immunology
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/immunology
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/therapy
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Russell
- Oncology Research Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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Raghavan D, Russell PJ, Brown JL. Experimental models of histogenesis and tumor cell heterogeneity in bladder cancer. SEMINARS IN SURGICAL ONCOLOGY 1992; 8:279-84. [PMID: 1462098 DOI: 10.1002/ssu.2980080506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The histogenetic relationships between the subtypes of bladder cancer are not known. Each common pattern (transitional cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and squamous carcinoma) can exist independently, although they may coexist in primary or metastatic bladder cancers, and tumors that are predominantly composed of transitional cell carcinoma may have regions of squamous or glandular differentiation. Morphologically identical tumors exhibit marked variation in their natural history and response to treatment. To study these aspects of the biology of human bladder cancer, a series of cell lines have been established and characterized as xenografts and in tissue culture. These studies have shown a likely common origin for transitional cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and squamous carcinoma of the bladder. Morphologically similar xenografts and cell lines in vitro have shown a broad range of functional heterogeneity, including ultrastructure, tumor marker production, ploidy, cell surface characteristics, and response to chemotherapy. These are useful models of heterogeneity of response to treatment with established and new cytotoxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Raghavan
- Urological Cancer Research Unit, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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