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Meek R, Luiselli L. Juveniles are different: substrate selection in juvenile green lizards Lacerta bilineata. ETHOL ECOL EVOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/03949370.2022.2157893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roger Meek
- Institute for Development, Ecology, Conservation and Cooperation, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Luiselli
- Institute for Development, Ecology, Conservation and Cooperation, Rome, Italy
- Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Wildlife and Biodiversity Conservation Unit, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
- Département de Zoologie et Biologie Animale, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo
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2
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Kusaka C, Utsumi K, Staley C, Pedersen R, Valdivia J, Liu E, Caracalas H, Reynolds H, Eifler MA, Eifler DA. Age-Dependent Search Behavior in the Colorado Checkered Whiptail (Aspidoscelis neotesselatus). WEST N AM NATURALIST 2021. [DOI: 10.3398/064.081.0404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carina Kusaka
- Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1474
| | - Kaera Utsumi
- Erell Institute, 2808 Meadow Drive, Lawrence, KS 66047
| | - Catherine Staley
- Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1474
| | - Rachael Pedersen
- Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1474
| | - Julia Valdivia
- Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1474
| | - Elizabeth Liu
- Undergraduate Biology Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045
| | - Hannah Caracalas
- Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1474
| | - Hannah Reynolds
- Undergraduate Biology Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045
| | | | - Douglas A. Eifler
- Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1474
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Şahin MK, Kuyucu AC. Thermal biology of two sympatric Lacertid lizards (Lacerta diplochondrodes and Parvilacerta parva) from Western Anatolia. J Therm Biol 2021; 101:103094. [PMID: 34879912 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sympatric lizard species present convenient models for studying differentiation in thermal behavior and the role of morphological differences in their thermal biology. Here we studied the thermal biology of two sympatric lizard species which occur sympatrically in the Phrygian Valley of Western Anatolia. These two species differ in body size, with Lacerta diplochondrodes being larger than Parvilacerta parva. The surface body temperatures of the individuals belonging to both species were recorded when active in the field. Additionally, several environmental parameters including solar radiation, substrate temperature, air temperature and wind speed were monitored to investigate the relative effects of these abiotic parameters on the thermal biology of the two species. The surface body temperature and temperature excess (difference between body and substrate temperature) of the two species, while being relatively close to each other, showed seasonal differences. Solar radiation, substrate temperature and air temperature were the main factors influencing their thermal biology. Additionally, although body size did not have a direct effect on body temperature or temperature excess, the interaction between body size and solar radiation on temperature excess was significant. In conclusion, our study partially supports the conservation of body temperature of related lizard species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Kürşat Şahin
- Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Department of Biology, Kamil Ozdag Faculty of Science, Karaman, Turkey.
| | - Arda Cem Kuyucu
- Hacettepe University, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ankara, Turkey.
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4
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Maia-Carneiro T, Navas CA. Ecological constraints to match field and preferred temperatures in lizards Tropidurus catalanensis (Squamata; Tropiduridae). J Therm Biol 2021; 98:102903. [PMID: 34016370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.102903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We compared microhabitat and body temperatures in the field with thermal preferences of Tropidurus catalanensis to investigate if they match or diverge as demonstration respectively of suitability or poor-quality of the thermal environment. As T. catalanensis is subjected to variable thermal conditions along its distribution and may be jeopardized by the climate change, we measured its thermal preferences after exposure to milder (17 °C-27 °C) and warmer (22 °C-32 °C) thermal conditions to evaluate acclimatory responses and tolerances and vulnerabilities to warming. Field body temperatures tended to be similar to minimum preferred body temperatures, and microhabitat and body temperatures in the field were cooler in the remaining comparisons with thermal preferences [preferred (Tpref), set-point range (Tset), minimum preferred (Tpref_min) and maximum preferred (Tpref_max) body temperatures], suggesting there was a constraint to warming up in nature. The minimum preferred body temperatures may be a threshold separating proper functioning from markedly noxious impacts due to progressive impairment by the cooling. Difficulties to warm and keep suitable body temperatures may jeopardize overall ecophysiological and behavioral processes with implications for maintenance, fitness, and survival. The constraints to warm may impact T. catalanensis differently depending on its body size and its properties of heat conservation (thermal inertia). Smaller and larger T. catalanensis may respectively cool down easier and have difficulties to warm up, being jeopardized by the constraints due to the cold. The warmer preferred body temperatures coupled with the cooler microhabitats and bodies in nature complicate to anticipate how individuals will respond to climate change, but the acclimation to the warmer temperatures led six of them to death, suggesting they had limited tolerance to heat and would be vulnerable to global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Maia-Carneiro
- Laboratório de Ecofisiologia e Fisiologia Evolutiva, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 321, travessa 14, CEP 05508-090, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Carlos A Navas
- Laboratório de Ecofisiologia e Fisiologia Evolutiva, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 321, travessa 14, CEP 05508-090, São Paulo, Brazil
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5
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Where to do number two: Lizards prefer to defecate on the largest rock in the territory. Behav Processes 2019; 167:103937. [DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2019.103937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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6
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Disentangling the role of heat sources on microhabitat selection of two Neotropical lizard species. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266467419000099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractOur aim was to disentangle the effects of different heat sources and the non-thermal properties of the substrate in the microhabitat choices of two lizard species living in savanna habitats of central-western Brazil: the teiidAmeivulaaff.ocellifera(N = 43) and the tropiduridTropidurus oreadicus(N = 23). To this end, a mixed structural resource selection function (mixed-SRSF) approach was used, modelling the probability of finding a lizard on a certain microhabitat based on environmental variables of used and simultaneously available places. First, we controlled for the effects of solar radiation, convection and the physical thermal properties of the substrate on substrate temperature. Then we assessed the effects of solar radiation, convection, conduction and the non-thermal properties of the substrate in the probability of use of a certain microhabitat. Results confirmed that substrate temperature was mediated by: air convection > solar radiation > physical thermal properties of the substrates. Moreover, the mixed-SRSF revealed that direct solar radiation and the non-thermal properties of the substrates were the only drivers of microhabitat selection for both species, with approximately the same strength. Our novel approach allowed splitting of the effect of different mechanisms in the microhabitat selection of lizards, which makes it a powerful tool for assessing the conformation of the interactions between different environmental variables mediating animal behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren K. Neel
- Department of Biological SciencesGeorgia Southern University Statesboro Georgia
| | - Lance D. McBrayer
- Department of Biological SciencesGeorgia Southern University Statesboro Georgia
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Bauwens D, Garland T, Castilla AM, Van Damme R. EVOLUTION OF SPRINT SPEED IN LACERTID LIZARDS: MORPHOLOGICAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL, AND BEHAVIORAL COVARIATION. Evolution 2017; 49:848-863. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1995.tb02321.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/1993] [Accepted: 05/10/1994] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Bauwens
- Institute of Nature Conservation; Kiewitdreef 5 B-3500 Hasselt Belgium
| | - Theodore Garland
- Department of Zoology; University of Wisconsin; Madison Wisconsin 53706
| | - Aurora M. Castilla
- Department of Biology; University of Antwerp (UIA); B-2610 Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Raoul Van Damme
- Department of Biology; University of Antwerp (UIA); B-2610 Wilrijk Belgium
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Pafilis P, Lymberakis P, Sagonas K, Valakos E. The particularities of a remote islet shape the thermoregulatory profile of an endemic Mediterranean lizard. J Therm Biol 2016; 61:55-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Microhabitat choice in island lizards enhances camouflage against avian predators. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19815. [PMID: 26804463 PMCID: PMC4726299 DOI: 10.1038/srep19815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Camouflage can often be enhanced by genetic adaptation to different local environments. However, it is less clear how individual behaviour improves camouflage effectiveness. We investigated whether individual Aegean wall lizards (Podarcis erhardii) inhabiting different islands rest on backgrounds that improve camouflage against avian predators. In free-ranging lizards, we found that dorsal regions were better matched against chosen backgrounds than against other backgrounds on the same island. This suggests that P. erhardii make background choices that heighten individual-specific concealment. In achromatic camouflage, this effect was more evident in females and was less distinct in an island population with lower predation risk. This suggests that behavioural enhancement of camouflage may be more important in females than in sexually competing males and related to predation risk. However, in an arena experiment, lizards did not choose the background that improved camouflage, most likely due to the artificial conditions. Overall, our results provide evidence that behavioural preferences for substrates can enhance individual camouflage of lizards in natural microhabitats, and that such adaptations may be sexually dimorphic and dependent on local environments. This research emphasizes the importance of considering links between ecology, behaviour, and appearance in studies of intraspecific colour variation and local adaptation.
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Cecchetto NR, Naretto S. Do sex, body size and reproductive condition influence the thermal preferences of a large lizard? A study in Tupinambis merianae. J Therm Biol 2015; 53:198-204. [PMID: 26590472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Body temperature is a key factor in physiological processes, influencing lizard performances; and life history traits are expected to generate variability of thermal preferences in different individuals. Gender, body size and reproductive condition may impose specific requirements on preferred body temperatures. If these three factors have different physiological functions and thermal requirements, then the preferred temperature may represent a compromise that optimizes these physiological functions. Therefore, the body temperatures that lizards select in a controlled environment may reflect a temperature that maximizes their physiological needs. The tegu lizard Tupinambis merianae is one of the largest lizards in South America and has wide ontogenetic variation in body size and sexual dimorphism. In the present study we evaluate intraspecific variability of thermal preferences of T. merianae. We determined the selected body temperature and the rate at which males and females attain their selected temperature, in relation to body size and reproductive condition. We also compared the behavior in the thermal gradient between males and females and between reproductive condition of individuals. Our study show that T. merianae selected body temperature within a narrow range of temperatures variation in the laboratory thermal gradient, with 36.24±1.49°C being the preferred temperature. We observed no significant differences between sex, body size and reproductive condition in thermal preferences. Accordingly, we suggest that the evaluated categories of T. merianae have similar thermal requirements. Males showed higher rates to obtain heat than females and reproductive females, higher rates than non-reproductive ones females. Moreover, males and reproductive females showed a more dynamic behavior in the thermal gradient. Therefore, even though they achieve the same selected temperature, they do it differentially.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergio Naretto
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA), CONICET and Laboratorio Biología del Comportamiento, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Vélez Sársfield 299, Córdoba CP: X5000JJC, Argentina..
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Marshall KLA, Philpot KE, Damas-Moreira I, Stevens M. Intraspecific Colour Variation among Lizards in Distinct Island Environments Enhances Local Camouflage. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135241. [PMID: 26372454 PMCID: PMC4570707 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Within-species colour variation is widespread among animals. Understanding how this arises can elucidate evolutionary mechanisms, such as those underlying reproductive isolation and speciation. Here, we investigated whether five island populations of Aegean wall lizards (Podarcis erhardii) have more effective camouflage against their own (local) island substrates than against other (non-local) island substrates to avian predators, and whether this was linked to island differences in substrate appearance. We also investigated whether degree of local substrate matching varied among island populations and between sexes. In most populations, both sexes were better matched against local backgrounds than against non-local backgrounds, particularly in terms of luminance (perceived lightness), which usually occurred when local and non-local backgrounds were different in appearance. This was found even between island populations that historically had a land connection and in populations that have been isolated relatively recently, suggesting that isolation in these distinct island environments has been sufficient to cause enhanced local background matching, sometimes on a rapid evolutionary time-scale. However, heightened local matching was poorer in populations inhabiting more variable and unstable environments with a prolonged history of volcanic activity. Overall, these results show that lizard coloration is tuned to provide camouflage in local environments, either due to genetic adaptation or changes during development. Yet, the occurrence and extent of selection for local matching may depend on specific conditions associated with local ecology and biogeographic history. These results emphasize how anti-predator adaptations to different environments can drive divergence within a species, which may contribute to reproductive isolation among populations and lead to ecological speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate L. A. Marshall
- Behavioural Ecology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kate E. Philpot
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, United Kingdom
| | - Isabel Damas-Moreira
- CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal
| | - Martin Stevens
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, United Kingdom
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Zhu QP, Zhu MY, Hu YC, Zhang XY, Ding GH, Lin ZH. Age-related habitat selection by brown forest skinks (Sphenomorphus indicus). DONG WU XUE YAN JIU = ZOOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2015; 36:29-33. [PMID: 25730458 DOI: 10.13918/j.issn.2095-8137.2015.1.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
In reptiles, habitat selection is the process whereby suitable habitat is selected that optimizes physiological functions and behavioral performance. Here, we used the brown forest skink (Sphenomorphus indicus) as a model animal and examined whether the frequency of active individuals, environmental temperature, illumination of activity area, and habitat type vary with different age classes. We surveyed the number of active individuals and measured environmental variables at Baiyunshan Mountain in Lishui, Zhejiang, China. We found no difference in the activity frequency of adult and juvenile S. indicus; the activity pattern of active individuals was bimodal. The mean environmental temperature selected by adults was higher than that selected by juveniles. The environmental temperature of active areas measured at 0900-1000 h and 1100-1200 h was higher than at 1400-1500 h; illumination of the active area at 1000-1200 h was also higher than at 1400 h-1600 h. The number of active individuals, the environmental temperature and illumination of activity areas showed pairwise positive correlation. There was a difference in habitat type between juveniles and adults whereby juveniles prefer rock habitats. We predict that active S. indicus select optimal habitats with different environmental temperatures and types to reach the physiological needs particular to their age classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Ping Zhu
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Meng-Yao Zhu
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Ying-Chao Hu
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Xue-Ya Zhang
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Guo-Hua Ding
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China.
| | - Zhi-Hua Lin
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China
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Aguado S, Braña F. Thermoregulation in a cold-adapted species (Cyren’s Rock Lizard, Iberolacerta cyreni): influence of thermal environment and associated costs. CAN J ZOOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2014-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Thermal constraints may limit the physiology and behaviour of ectotherms because of the high thermal dependence of metabolic functions. The adaptive mechanisms of thermoregulation and the cost of confronting thermal constraints were studied in the Cyren’s Rock Lizard (Iberolacerta cyreni (Müller and Hellmich, 1937)), a lacertid lizard endemic to mountain areas of central Spain. Semicontinuous monitoring of body temperature (Tb) in the laboratory indicated that the preferred temperature range for this population (Tpref) was lower than those found for most lacertid lizards, and field body temperatures of active animals in summer were even lower than Tpref. Overall these results, together with distribution of field operative temperatures (Te), indicate that I. cyreni is an active and relatively accurate thermoregulator, although limited by thermal constraints in their habitat. Laboratory experiments in contrasting thermal environments showed that even under thermally restricted conditions, lizards achieved their Tpref by modifying their thermoregulatory behaviour, principally through changes in space use, basking time, and body posture. However, these behavioural adjustments to reach the Tpref have associated costs, and lizards spent 80% of their time in thermoregulation when tested under low radiation conditions, which in the wild would limit the scope for other activities and eventually increase predation risk. Our results suggest that thermoregulatory behaviour may play an important role in coping with global climate change, hence predictions of the effects of climate warming on lizards inhabiting cold habitats should take into account the buffering role of behavioural thermoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Aguado
- Unidad de Zoología, Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas, Universidad de Oviedo, and Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Biodiversidad (UMIB, CSIC-UO-PA), c/ Catedrático Rodrigo Uría s/n, 33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - F. Braña
- Unidad de Zoología, Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas, Universidad de Oviedo, and Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Biodiversidad (UMIB, CSIC-UO-PA), c/ Catedrático Rodrigo Uría s/n, 33071 Oviedo, Spain
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15
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Factors affecting the thermal behavior of the sand lizard Liolaemus wiegmannii in natural and modified grasslands of temperate coastal dunes from Argentina. J Therm Biol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Sagonas K, Meiri S, Valakos ED, Pafilis P. The effect of body size on the thermoregulation of lizards on hot, dry Mediterranean islands. J Therm Biol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2012.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Zajitschek SRK, Zajitschek F, Clobert J. The importance of habitat resistance for movement decisions in the common lizard, Lacerta vivipara. BMC Ecol 2012; 12:13. [PMID: 22827893 PMCID: PMC3488003 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6785-12-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Movement behaviour can be influenced by a multitude of biotic and abiotic factors. Here, we investigate the speed of movement in relation to environmental and individual phenotypic properties in subadult common lizards (Lacerta vivipara). We aim to disentangle the importance of substrate, cover, humidity, basking opportunity and individual phenotype on moving tendencies in 12 treatment combinations, at which each lizard was tested. Results We find that movement behaviour depends on the starting conditions, the physical properties of the dispersal corridor, and on the individuals’ phenotype. Specifically, the presence of cover and substrate providing suitable traction in the corridor had positive effects on individual movement decisions. Additionally, we find high phenotypic variation in the propensity to move dependent on the presence of cover. Individual back patterns also strongly affected movement decisions in interaction with the physical properties of the dispersal corridor. Conclusions Our results highlight the importance of understanding the habitat resistance for movement patterns, with humid habitats with covering vegetation providing the best conditions to initiate movement in the common lizard. In addition, population effects, differences in back pattern phenotype and individual plasticity were identified as key parameters influencing movement behaviour.
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Rodríguez-Pérez J, Larrinaga AR, Santamaría L. Effects of frugivore preferences and habitat heterogeneity on seed rain: a multi-scale analysis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33246. [PMID: 22438902 PMCID: PMC3306386 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Seed rain mediated by frugivores is influenced by (1) the seed-deposition distances following fruit ingestion, (2) the disperser activity, as determined by its behaviour and habitat preferences, and (3) the structure of the habitat within the landscape. Here, we evaluated such components using the fleshy-fruited shrub Ephedra fragilis and the frugivorous Balearic lizard Podarcis lilfordi. We estimated seed-deposition patterns based on the displacements and habitat preferences of lizards, derived from visual surveys and telemetry data. The influence of variables potentially determining lizard habitat preference (i.e., height, slope, four measures of habitat abundance and four measures of habitat fragmentation) was evaluated at three spatial scales: 'home-range' (c. 2.5-10*10(3) m(2); telemetry data), 'within home-range' (c. 100 m(2); telemetry data) and 'microhabitat' (<100 m(2); visual survey). Cumulative lizard displacement (from each telemetric location to the initial capture point) saturated before the peak of seed defecation (seed-retention time), indicating that lizard home-range size and habitat preferences were the main determinants of the spread and shape of seed shadows. Shrub cover was positively correlated with habitat preference at the three scales of analysis, whereas slope was negatively correlated at the home-range scale. Model scenarios indicated that spatially-aggregated seed rain emerged when we incorporated the joint effect of habitat preference at the two largest (home-range and within home-range) scales. We conclude that, in order to predict seed rain in animal dispersed plants, it is important to consider the multi-scale effects of habitat preference by frugivores.
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Rial RV, Akaârir M, Gamundí A, Nicolau C, Garau C, Aparicio S, Tejada S, Gené L, González J, De Vera LM, Coenen AM, Barceló P, Esteban S. Evolution of wakefulness, sleep and hibernation: From reptiles to mammals. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2010; 34:1144-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2009] [Revised: 01/08/2010] [Accepted: 01/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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21
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Wasiolka B, Jeltsch F, Henschel J, Blaum N. Space use of the spotted sand lizard (Pedioplanis l. lineoocellata) under different degradation states. Afr J Ecol 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2028.2009.01085.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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23
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Castilla AM, Herrel A, Gosá A. Mainland versus island differences in behaviour ofPodarcislizards confronted with dangerous prey: the scorpionButhus occitanus. J NAT HIST 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00222930802254763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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24
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Damme RV, Aerts P, Vanhooydonck B. Variation in morphology, gait characteristics and speed of locomotion in two populations of lizards. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.1998.tb01526.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Low repeatability of preferred body temperature in four species of Cordylid lizards: Temporal variation and implications for adaptive significance. Evol Ecol 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-006-9124-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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ADAMOPOULOU CHLOE, VALAKOS EFSTRATIOSD. THERMAL ECOLOGY AND ACTIVITY CYCLE OF PODARCIS MILENSIS IN A SANDY COASTAL AREA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1560/hwwq-r26y-wthb-k00v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Singh S, Smyth AK, Blomberg SP. Thermal ecology and structural habitat use of two sympatric lizards (Carlia vivax and Lygisaurus foliorum) in subtropical Australia. AUSTRAL ECOL 2002. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1442-9993.2002.01222.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Belliure J, Carrascal LM. Influence of heat transmission mode on heating rates and on the selection of patches for heating in a mediterranean lizard. Physiol Biochem Zool 2002; 75:369-76. [PMID: 12324893 DOI: 10.1086/342768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2002] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Heliothermy (heat gain by radiation) has been given a prominent role in basking lizards. However, thigmothermy (heat gain by conduction) could be relevant for heating in small lizards. To ascertain the importance of the different heat transmission modes to the thermoregulatory processes, we conducted an experimental study where we analyzed the role of heat transmission modes on heating rates and on the selection of sites for heating in the Mediterranean lizard Acanthodactylus erythrurus (Lacertidae). The study was conducted under laboratory conditions, where two situations of different operative temperatures (38 degrees and 50 degrees C) were simulated in a terrarium. In a first experiment, individuals were allowed to heat up during 2 min at both temperatures and under both heat transmission modes. In a second experiment, individuals were allowed to select between patches differing in the main transmission mode, at both temperatures, to heat up. Experiences were conducted with live, nontethered lizards with a starting body temperature of 27 degrees C. Temperature had a significant effect on the heating rate, with heat gain per unit of time being faster at the higher operative temperature (50 degrees C). The effect of the mode of heat transmission on the heating rate was also significant: at 50 degrees C, heating rate was greater when the main heat transmission mode was conduction from the substrate (thigmothermy) than when heating was mainly due to heat gain by radiation (heliothermy); at 38 degrees C, heating rates did not significantly differ between transmission modes. At 38 degrees C, selection of the site for heating was not significantly different from that expected by chance. However, at 50 degrees C, the heating site offering the slowest heating rate (heliothermic patch) was selected. These results show that heating rates vary not only with environmental temperature but also with different predominant heat transmission modes. Lizards are able to identify and exploit this heterogeneity, selecting the source of heat gain (radiation) that minimizes the risk of overheating when temperature is high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josabel Belliure
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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An experimental demonstration of direct behavioural interference in two Mediterranean lacertid lizard species. Anim Behav 2002. [DOI: 10.1006/anbe.2002.3022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Witz BW. Aspects of the thermal biology of the six-lined racerunner, Cnemidophorus sexlineatus (Squamata:Teiidae) in West-Central Florida. J Therm Biol 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4565(00)00020-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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DIEGO-RASILLA FJAVIER, PÉREZ-MELLADO VALENT. THE EFFECTS OF POPULATION DENSITY ON TIME BUDGETS OF THE IBERIAN WALL LIZARD (PODARCIS HISPANICA). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1560/5rxj-t31k-wdnq-nx69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Castilla AM, Labra A. Predation and spatial distribution of the lizard Podarcis hispanica atrata: an experimental approach. ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s1146-609x(98)80014-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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