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Rutherford JW, Larson T, Gould T, Seto E, Novosselov IV, Posner JD. Source Apportionment of Environmental Combustion Sources using Excitation Emission Matrix Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Machine Learning. ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT (OXFORD, ENGLAND : 1994) 2021; 259:118501. [PMID: 34321954 PMCID: PMC8312701 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The link between particulate matter (PM) air pollution and negative health effects is well-established. Air pollution was estimated to cause 4.9 million deaths in 2017 and PM was responsible for 94% of these deaths. In order to inform effective mitigation strategies in the future, further study of PM and its health effects is important. Here, we present a method for identifying sources of combustion generated PM using excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy and machine learning (ML) algorithms. PM samples were collected during a health effects exposure assessment panel study in Seattle. We use archived field samples from the exposure study and the associated positive matrix factorization (PMF) source apportionment based on X-ray fluorescence and light absorbing carbon measurements to train convolutional neural network and principal component regression algorithms. We show EEM spectra from cyclohexane extracts of the archived filter samples can be used to accurately apportion mobile and vegetative burning sources but were unable to detect crustal dust, Cl-rich, secondary sulfate and fuel oil sources. The use of this EEM-ML approach may be used to conduct PM exposure studies that include source apportionment of combustion sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay W. Rutherford
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle WA, United States
| | - Timothy Larson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle WA, United States
| | - Timothy Gould
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle WA, United States
| | - Edmund Seto
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle WA, United States
| | - Igor V. Novosselov
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle WA, United States
| | - Jonathan D. Posner
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle WA, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle WA, United States
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle WA, United States
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Djozan D, Karimian G, Jouyban A, Iranmanesh F, Gorbanpour H, Alizadeh-Nabil A. Discrimination of saffron based on thin-layer chromatography and image analysis. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2014. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.27.2014.4.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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3
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Murillo Pulgarín JA, Alañón Molina A, Martínez Ferreras F. Application of time-resolved fluorescence to the determination of metabolites. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 128:82-90. [PMID: 24662756 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.02.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A simple fluorescent methodology for the simultaneous determination of two major metabolites of acetylsalicylic acid--salicylic and gentisic acids--in pharmaceutical preparations and human urine is proposed. Due to the overlapping between the fluorescence spectra of both analytes, the use of the more selective fluorescence decay curves is proposed. Values of dependent instrumental variables affecting the signal-to-noise ratio were fixed with a simplex optimization procedure. A calibration matrix of thirteen standards plus two blank samples was processed using a partial least-squares (PLS) analysis. To assess the goodness of the proposed method, a prediction set of nine synthetic samples was analyzed, obtaining recovery percentages between 95% and 106%. Limits of detection, calculated by means of a new criterion, were 3.49 μg L(-1) and 1.66 μg L(-1) for salicylic and gentisic acids, respectively. The method was also tested in three pharmaceutical preparations containing salicylic acid, obtaining recovery percentages close to 100%. Finally, the simultaneous determination of both analytes in human urine samples was successfully carried out by the PLS-analysis of a matrix of thirteen standards plus five analyte blanks. Although spectra of analytes and urine overlap strongly, no extraction method neither prior separation of the analytes were needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Murillo Pulgarín
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Foods Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - A Alañón Molina
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Foods Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - F Martínez Ferreras
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Foods Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
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Multicomponental Fluorimetric Determination of Aluminium, Gallium and Indium. J Fluoresc 2007; 18:339-47. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-007-0273-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2007] [Accepted: 10/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Murillo Pulgarín JA, Alañón Molina A, Fernández López P, Sánchez-Ferrer Robles I. Direct determination of closely overlapping drug mixtures of diflunisal and salicylic acid in serum by means of derivative matrix isopotential synchronous fluorescence spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 583:55-62. [PMID: 17386526 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2006] [Revised: 10/04/2006] [Accepted: 10/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A direct method for the simultaneous fluorimetric determination of two anti-inflammatory drugs in serum is proposed. The combination of matrix isopotential synchronous fluorescence (MISF) and first derivative technique provides good analytical results and permits the simultaneous determination of diflunisal and salicylic acid in human serum. MISF spectra are obtained by calculating the isopotential trajectory in the three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum for a serum solution. In the spectral contour, the trajectory is taken to be the portion of the line that passes by the fluorescence maxima of both compounds ensuring a sensitivity level similar to that of a direct determination in absence of background fluorescence. Analysis was carried out in water using a pH of 7.2 provides by 0.1 M sodium dihydrogen phosphate buffer. Serum samples are diluted 100 times and provide linear calibration plots at diflunisal and salicylic acid concentrations up to 800 ng mL(-1). The goodness of the analytical signal was checked by using variance analysis. Signals recorded throughout the calibration range were subjected to three calibrations per each analyte, both in the absence and in the presence of variable amounts of the other analyte. Differences between individual calibrations and slopes were compared with those within individual calibrations. Based on the results, diflunisal and salicylic acid can be accurately quantified in the presence of each other. The limit of detection calculated according to Clayton who uses error propagation throughout the calibration curve and a non-centralized security factor was 36.8 and 37.3 ng mL(-1) for diflunisal and salicylic acid, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Murillo Pulgarín
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Foods Technology, University Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
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Moreira AB, Dias ILT, Neto GO, Zagatto EAG, Kubota LT. Simultaneous Spectrofluorimetric Determination of Paracetamol and Caffeine in Pharmaceutical Preparations in Solid‐Phase Using Partial Least Squares Multivariate Calibration. ANAL LETT 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710500477092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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7
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Zougagh M, Ríos A, Valcárcel M. An automated screening method for the fast, simple discrimination between natural and artificial colorants in commercial saffron products. Anal Chim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2004.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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8
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Simultaneous determination of fluorophores with overlapped spectra by sequential injection analysis coupled to variable angle scanning fluorescence spectrometry and multivariate linear regression algorithms. Anal Chim Acta 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(02)00929-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Damiani PC, Borraccetti MD, Olivieri AC. Direct and simultaneous spectrofluorometric determination of naproxen and salicylate in human serum assisted by chemometric analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(02)00925-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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10
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Pulgarı́n JA, Molina AA, López PF. Direct analysis of amiloride and triamterene mixtures by fluorescence spectrometry using partial-least squares calibration. Anal Chim Acta 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(01)01356-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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11
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Martos NR, Díaz AM, Navalón A, De Orbe Payá I, Capitán Vallvey LF. Simultaneous spectrofluorimetric determination of (acetyl)salicylic acid, codeine and pyridoxine in pharmaceutical preparations using partial least-squares multivariate calibration. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2000; 23:837-44. [PMID: 11022909 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(00)00388-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A partial least-squares calibration (PLS) method for the simultaneous spectrofluorimetric determination of salicylic acid (SA), codeine (CO) and pyridoxine (PY) is proposed. The determination of SA, CO, and PY has been carried out in mixtures of up to three components by recording the emission fluorescence spectra between 300 and 500 nm (lambda(exc) = 220 nm). Due to the fact of the strong spectral overlap among the excitation and also among the emission spectra of these compounds, a previous separation should be carried out in order to determine them by conventional spectrofluorimetric methodologies. Here, a full-spectrum multivariate calibration PLS method is developed. The experimental calibration matrix was constructed with 14 samples. The concentration ranges considered were 0.1-2.0 (SA), 0.25-3.0 (CO) and 0.10-2.0 (PY) mg x l(-1). The optimum number of factors was selected by using the cross-validation method. The method also allows the simultaneous determination of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), CO and PY by previous alkaline hydrolysis of ASA to SA. To check the accuracy of the proposed method, it was applied to the determination of these compounds in synthetic mixtures and in pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Martos
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Spain
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Simultaneous Spectrophotometric Determination of Copper(II) and Nickel(II) as Complexes with Sodium Diethyldithiocarbamate in an Anionic Micellar Medium Using Partial Least-Squares Regression. Microchem J 1999. [DOI: 10.1006/mchj.1999.1789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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Goicoechea HC, Olivieri AC. Enhanced synchronous spectrofluorometric determination of tetracycline in blood serum by chemometric analysis. Comparison of partial least-squares and hybrid linear analysis calibrations. Anal Chem 1999; 71:4361-8. [PMID: 10517151 DOI: 10.1021/ac990374e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tetracycline has been determined in human serum samples by a combination of: (1) synchronous fluorescence spectra of whole sera treated with Mg2+, and (2) the multivariate calibration methods of partial least-squares (PLS-1) and a variant of the recently introduced hybrid linear analysis (HLA), which does not require the knowledge of pure-component spectra. The calibration set was designed with 50 sera spiked with concentrations of tetracycline in the range 0.0-4.0 micrograms mL-1'. Studies concerning validation, precision, accuracy and figures of merit (selectivity, sensitivity and limit of determination) were also carried out. A novel wavelength-selection procedure was applied to minimize the effect of nonmodeled interferents present in serum samples containing bilirubin, triglycerides, and salicylate. Overall, the performance of the newly developed HLA approach seems to be better than that of PLS-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Goicoechea
- Catedra de Química Analítica I, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Paraje El Pozo, Santa Fe, Argentina
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YANG J, HAN R, SU B, LIN C, WANG N, HU J. Simultaneous Determination of Four Components in Composite Vitamin B Tablets Using a Square-Root Kalman Filter. ANAL SCI 1998. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.14.965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinghe YANG
- Department of Chemistry, Shandong University
| | - Rongjiang HAN
- Department of Light Chemical Engineering, Shandong Institute of Light Industry
| | - Benyu SU
- Shandong Supervision & Inspection Institute for Product Quality
| | - Cunguo LIN
- Department of Chemistry, Shandong University
| | | | - Jingtian HU
- Department of Chemistry, Shandong University
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del Olmo M, Díez C, Molina A, de Orbe I, Vílchez J. Resolution of phenol, o-cresol, m-cresol and p-cresol mixtures by excitation fluorescence using partial least-squares (PLS) multivariate calibration. Anal Chim Acta 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(96)00350-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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16
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Blanco M, Cerà V, Coello J, Gené J, Iturriaga H, Maspoch S, Oms MT. Spectrofluorimetric Identification of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons at PPB Level. ANAL LETT 1996. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719608001508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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17
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de la Peña AM, Durán-Merás I, Moreno MD, Salinas F, Galera MM. Simultaneous fluorimetric determination of acetylsalicylic acid metabolites in urine by partial least squares multivariate calibration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00322961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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