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Leite GLD, Veloso RVS, Soares MA, Silva LF, Guanãbens PFS, Munhoz EJM, Pereira WR, Silva RS, Fernandes GW, Zanuncio JC. Changes in galling insect community on Caryocar brasiliense trees mediated by soil chemical and physical attributes. BRAZ J BIOL 2022; 82:e261227. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.261227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The nutrient stress hypothesis predicts that galling insects prevail on host plants growing in habitats with soils of low nutritional quality. Caryocar brasiliense (Caryocaraceae) is host to four different leaf-galling insects. These insects have the potential to cause a reduction in the production of C. brasiliense fruits, an important source of income for many communities in Brazil. We studied the effects of soil physical and chemical characteristics on the abundance, species richness, and diversity of galling insects and their natural enemies on C. brasiliense trees growing under three different soil conditions. Our data corroborate the hypothesis that in nutritionally poor (e.g., lower phosphorus content) and worse physical textures (e.g., sandy) soils, host plants support higher species richness and diversity of galling insects. However, the abundance of Eurytoma sp. (the most common gall in C. brasiliense), was correlated with a higher phosphorus concentration in the soil (better nutritional condition). The percentage of galled leaflets and the area of leaflets occupied by Eurytoma sp galls were higher in the more fertile soil. In this soil, there was greater abundance, species richness, and diversity of parasitoids of Eurytoma sp. (e.g., Sycophila sp.) and predators (e.g., Zelus armillatus). Our data indicate the importance of habitat quality in the composition of the galling insect community and the impact of soil properties in mediating the distribution of these insects in C. brasiliense.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R. V. S. Veloso
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Brasil
| | - M. A. Soares
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Brasil
| | - L. F. Silva
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - P. F. S. Guanãbens
- Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | | | | | - R. S. Silva
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Brasil
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Amador‐Vargas S, Orribarra VS, Portugal‐Loayza A, Fernández‐Marín H. Association patterns of swollen‐thorn acacias with three ant species and other organisms in a dry forest of Panama. Biotropica 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vivian Sara Orribarra
- Escuela de Biología Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas Universidad Autónoma de Chiriquí David Panamá
| | - Ana Portugal‐Loayza
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología Clayton Panamá
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Fagundes M, Cuevas-Reyes P, Ramos Leite LF, Borges MAZ, De Araújo WS, Fernandes GW, Siqueira WK. Diversity of Gall-Inducing Insects Associated With a Widely Distributed Tropical Tree Species: Testing the Environmental Stress Hypothesis. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 49:838-847. [PMID: 32667626 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvaa072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic factors can affect plant performance and cause stress, which in turn affects plant-herbivore interactions. The Environmental Stress Hypothesis (ESH) predicts that gall-inducing insect diversity will be greater on host plants that grow in stressful habitats. We tested this hypothesis, considering both historical and ecological scales, using the plant Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. (Fabaceae) as a model because it has a wide geographic distribution and is a super-host of gall-inducing insects. According to the ESH, we predicted that 1) on a historical scale, the diversity of gall-inducing insects will be higher in habitats with greater environmental stress and 2) on an ecological scale, gall-inducing insect diversity will be greater on plants that possess greater levels of foliar sclerophylly. We sampled gall-inducing insects on plants of C. langsdorffii in five sites with different levels of water and soil nutrient availability and separated from each other by a distance of up to 470 km. The composition, richness, and abundance of gall-inducing insects varied among study sites. Plants located in more stressful habitats had higher levels of foliar sclerophylly; but richness and abundance of gall-inducing insects were not affected by host plant sclerophylly. Habitat stress was a good predictor of gall-inducing insect diversity on a regional scale, thus corroborating the first prediction of the ESH. No relationship was found between plant sclerophylly and gall-inducing insect diversity within habitats. Therefore, on a local scale, we did not find support for our second prediction related to the ESH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcílio Fagundes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Uso dos Recursos Naturais, Laboratório de Biologia da Conservação, DBG/CCBS/Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Pablo Cuevas-Reyes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Uso dos Recursos Naturais, Laboratório de Biologia da Conservação, DBG/CCBS/Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Interacciones Bióticas, Universidad Michoacana de Sán Nicolás de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P., Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Letícia F Ramos Leite
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Uso dos Recursos Naturais, Laboratório de Biologia da Conservação, DBG/CCBS/Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ecologia Evolutiva & Biodiversidade, DBG/ICB/Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Magno Augusto Zazá Borges
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Uso dos Recursos Naturais, Laboratório de Biologia da Conservação, DBG/CCBS/Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Walter Santos De Araújo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Uso dos Recursos Naturais, Laboratório de Biologia da Conservação, DBG/CCBS/Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - G Wilson Fernandes
- Laboratório de Ecologia Evolutiva & Biodiversidade, DBG/ICB/Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Walisson Kenedy Siqueira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Uso dos Recursos Naturais, Laboratório de Biologia da Conservação, DBG/CCBS/Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Schoelynck
- Department of Biology Ecosystem Management Research Group University of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1C B‐2610 Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Eric Struyf
- Department of Biology Ecosystem Management Research Group University of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1C B‐2610 Wilrijk Belgium
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Multitrophic enemy escape of invasive Phragmites australis and its introduced herbivores in North America. Biol Invasions 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-015-0968-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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The effect of fluctuating asymmetry and leaf nutrients on gall abundance and survivorship. Basic Appl Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Flaherty L, Quiring D. Plant module size and dose of gall induction stimulus influence gall induction and galler performance. OIKOS 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2008.16555.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Flaherty L, Quiring D. Plant module size and dose of gall induction stimulus influence gall induction and galler performance. OIKOS 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2008.16555.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Cornelissen T, Wilson Fernandes G, Vasconcellos-Neto J. Size does matter: variation in herbivory between and within plants and the plant vigor hypothesis. OIKOS 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2008.16588.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Santos JC, Silveira FAO, Fernandes GW. Long term oviposition preference and larval performance of Schizomyia macrocapillata (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on larger shoots of its host plant Bauhinia brevipes (Fabaceae). Evol Ecol 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-007-9162-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Scheirs J, De Bruyn L. Plant-mediated effects of drought stress on host preference and performance of a grass miner. OIKOS 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2005.13715.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Kopelke JP, Amendt J, Schönrogge K. Patterns of interspecific associations of stem gallers on willows. DIVERS DISTRIB 2003. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1472-4642.2003.00037.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Fritz RS, Crabb BA, Hochwender CG. Preference and performance of a gall-inducing sawfly: plant vigor, sex, gall traits and phenology. OIKOS 2003. [DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2003.12473.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Goncalves-Alvlm SJ, Santos MCFVD, Fernandas GW. Leaf Gall Abundance on Avicennia germinans (Avicenniaceae) along an Interstitial Salinity Gradient1. Biotropica 2001. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2001.tb00158.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gonçalves-Alvim SJ, Vaz dos Santos MCF, Fernandes GW. Leaf Gall Abundance on Avicennia germinans (Avicenniaceae) along an Interstitial Salinity Gradient1. Biotropica 2001. [DOI: 10.1646/0006-3606(2001)033[0069:lgaoag]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Gonçalves-Alvim SJ, Faria ML, Fernandes GW. Relationships between four Neotropical species of galling insects and shoot vigor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1590/s0301-80591999000100016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The plant-vigor hypothesis (PVH) predicts that females of galling insects preferentially oviposit on the most vigorous plant or plant modules, where their offspring performance is highest. We tested the PVH on Neopelma baccharidis Buckhardt (Homoptera: Psyllidae) and Rhoasphondylia friburgensis Tavares (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) which induce galls on Baccharis dracunculifolia D.C. (Asteraceae), and on two different Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) species that induce galls on Maytenus salicifolia Reiss. (Celastraceae) and Vernonia polyanthes Less (Asteraceae), respectively. The abundance of galls induced by the four galling species increased with increasing shoot length, as predicted by the PVH. However, when we considered the rate of attack per shoot unit length (cm), which includes in the analyses the effect of availability of resource per unit length, the response patterns of the four gallers disappeared. R. friburgensis and Cecidomyiidae species which cause galls on M. salicifolia did not respond to shoot vigor (P > 0.05) while the other species responded differentially. The abundance of N. baccharidis galls correlated negatively with shoot length (y = 0.185 - 0.007x, r² = 0.21, F = 6.013, P < 0.05) while the number of galls caused by Cecidomyiidae on V. polyanthes showed a positive relationship with shoot vigor (y = 0.09 + 0.002x, r² = 0.34, F = 6.157, P < 0.05). Hence, only the attack pattern of the cecidomyiid galler on V. polyanthes corroborated the PVH.
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Gange AC, Nice HE. Performance of the thistle gall fly, Urophora cardui, in relation to host plant nitrogen and mycorrhizal colonization. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 1997; 137:335-343. [PMID: 33863184 DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-8137.1997.00813.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Many hypotheses have been developed to explain the adaptive nature of insect galls. One of these, the nutrition hypothesis, states that gall formers have advantages over other insects because gall tissue provides a better (higher quality) food source than unmodified tissue. However, this has rarely been experimentally tested. In a test of this hypothesis, we grew plants of Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. in a factorial design with two main treatments: the addition of nitrogen (to enhance foliar N levels) and of fungicide (to reduce colonization of roots by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi). Mycorrhizal fungi have been shown previously to reduce the N concentration of host plants. Plants were exposed to adult gall flies, Urophora cardui L., and maintained through one season to allow maturation of galls. Reduction of the percentage mycorrhizal colonization by fungicide resulted in an elevation of total stem N comparable to that achieved by N addition, but gall N concentration remained unchanged in all treatments. Nitrogen application elevated stem N levels when mycorrhizal fungi were present, but application of both compounds together did not result in any increase over either single treatment. Fungicide application resulted in larger galls, which contained more larval chambers, with more live, and heavier, larvae. However, the main effects of N were not significant, as N addition only increased fly performance on plants where mycorrhizas were not reduced. It is suggested that U. cardui gall inhabitants can manipulate N at an optimal level and thus might conform to a modified version of the nutrition hypothesis. Mycorrhizal colonization might reduce gall fly performance by delaying the appearance, or impairing the quality, of secondary nutritive tissue in the gall. Future tests of the nutrition hypothesis should include a consideration of the plant's mycorrhizal status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan C Gange
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham Hill, Egham, Surrey TW20 OEX, UK
| | - Helen E Nice
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham Hill, Egham, Surrey TW20 OEX, UK
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