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Abstract
Screening of the complete genome sequence from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has enabled us to compile a complete list of the genes encoding cytoplasmic ribosomal proteins in this organism. Putative ribosomal protein genes were selected primarily on the basis of the sequence similarity of their products with ribosomal proteins from other eukaryotic organisms, in particular the rat. These genes were subsequently screened for typical yeast rp-gene characteristics, viz. (1) a high codon adaptation index; (2) their promoter structure and (3) their responses to changes in growth conditions. The yeast genome appears to carry 78 different genes, of which 59 are duplicated, encoding 32 different small-subunit and 46 large-subunit proteins. A new nomenclature for these ribosomal proteins is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Planta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, BioCentrum Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit, The Netherlands
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Medow I, Rüsch-Gerdes S, Schröder KH. Comparison of ribosomes and ribosomal proteins of sensitive and resistant mycobacteria. ZENTRALBLATT FUR BAKTERIOLOGIE, MIKROBIOLOGIE, UND HYGIENE. SERIES A, MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY, INFECTIOUS DISEASES, VIROLOGY, PARASITOLOGY 1987; 266:359-69. [PMID: 3125705 DOI: 10.1016/s0176-6724(87)80216-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Ribosomal proteins from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37 Rv were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and 73 proteins were separated. The 30S subunit consists of 26 proteins, the 50S subunit of 41 proteins, 6 proteins of the ribosomes could not be shown in the subunits. The molecular weights for the proteins of the 30S subunit are 9100-43500, and for the proteins of the 50S subunit 8000-46000. The sedimentation coefficient have values of 28.8S and 47.7S. It was demonstrated that streptomycin-resistant cells in comparison to sensitive cells have two additional 30S proteins. Moreover, the protein L34 has changed its position. Kanamycin- and capreomycin-resistant cells have also two additional proteins, but viomycin shows no changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Medow
- Forschungsinstitut Borstel, Federal Republic of Germany
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Herrera F, Franceschi F, Zambrano R, Alvarado M. An altered ribosomal protein in an edeine-resistant mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1986; 202:120-4. [PMID: 3515127 DOI: 10.1007/bf00330527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The r-proteins of an edeine-resistant mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were compared to those of the wild-type strain by using two different two-dimensional electrophoretic techniques: (1) the Kaltschmidt-Wittmann method and, (2) the Kaltschmidt-Wittmann system, in the first dimension and the Na Dodecyl-SO4 system in the second. With the first technique, the results indicate that the patterns of basic ribosomal proteins are similar in the two strains. However, the pattern of acidic ribosomal proteins of the mutant revealed an additional protein band with respect to the normal one. Using the other technique, the patterns of basic and acidic ribosomal proteins of the mutant demonstrated a similarity to the corresponding pattern of the wild-type strain. The data disclose that an acidic ribosomal protein of the mutant may have two forms with different electrophoretic mobilities and similar molecular weights.
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Michel S, Traut RR, Lee JC. Yeast ribosomal proteins: Electrophoretic analysis in four two-dimensional gel systems—Correlation of nomenclatures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00334822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bollen GH, Mager WH, Planta RJ. High resolution mini-two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of yeast ribosomal proteins. A standard nomenclature for yeast ribosomal proteins. Mol Biol Rep 1981; 8:37-44. [PMID: 7329415 DOI: 10.1007/bf00798383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Ishiguro J, Ono BI, Masurekar M, McLaughlin CS, Sherman F. Altered ribosomal protein S11 from the SUP46 suppressor of yeast. J Mol Biol 1981; 147:391-7. [PMID: 7031259 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(81)90491-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Yeast ribosomal proteins: V. Correlation of several nomenclatures and proposal of a standard nomenclature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1981. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00268424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ishiguro J, Ono B. Dimorphism of ribosomal protein L8 among different laboratory strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Curr Genet 1980; 2:211-4. [PMID: 24189912 DOI: 10.1007/bf00435688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/1980] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used in a comparative study of ribosomal proteins from various strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The results demonstrated a case of dimorphism of L8 protein of 60S ribosomal subunit. Of eight strains examined, two strains were one type and six were the other type. The former, which was tentatively designated as altered (A) type, was more acidic than the latter, common (C) type, as shown by mobility difference in pH gradient gel. Heterozygous (A/C) diploid cells contained both types of L8 protein and gave rise to tetrads of 2:2 segregation for A and C types, indicating that the difference of mobility was reflection of the allelic difference of the gene coding for L8 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ishiguro
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sience, Konan University, Okamoto, 658, Kobe, Japan
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Zinker S. P5/P5' the acidic ribosomal phosphoproteins from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1980; 606:76-82. [PMID: 6986173 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(80)90099-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
P5/P5', the most acidic and exchangeable phosphoproteins from the large ribosomal subunit in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, were purified from the rest of the ribosomal proteins by means of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Antibodies against the pure P5/P5' proteins cross-reacted with polypeptides from the cytoplasm suggesting that a cytoplasmic pool of P5/P5' exist. The cytoplasmic polypeptides immunologically related to P5/P5' are not phosphorylated.
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Ting Shih CY, Toivonen JE, Craven GR. Partial purification and characterization of the proteins from the 40-S ribosomes of Artemia salina and wheat germ. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1979; 97:189-96. [PMID: 477666 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1979.tb13102.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The proteins were extracted from purified 40-S ribosomes derived from wheat germ and Artemia salina and separated by carboxymethylcellulose ion-exchange chromatography. Approximately four proteins from Artemia and four proteins from wheat germ were separated in a state of high purity. All proteins were identified by co-electrophoresis using a two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel system. A total of 30 unique proteins were found for Artemia and 32 proteins for wheat. The molecular weights of all proteins were estimated by sodium dodecylsulfate gel electrophoresis. Assuming each protein to be present in one copy per 40-S ribosome, the total protein molecular weight was estimated to be 560,000 associated with Artemia 40-S particles and 550,000 associated with wheat germ 40-S ribosomes.
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Rodrigues-Pousada C, Hayes DH. Ribosomal subunits from Tetrahymena pyriformis. Isolation and properties of active 40-S and 60-S subunits. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1978; 89:407-15. [PMID: 101371 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1978.tb12543.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tetrahymena pyriformis ribosomal subunits were obtained by incubation of post-mitochondrial supernatant in the presence of 0.2 mM GTP and 0.1 mM puromycin for 45 min at 28 degrees C, followed by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Isolated 40-S subunits were able to reassociate in vitro in the presence of 5 mM MgCl2 and 50 mM KCl and to perform poly(U)-dependent protein synthesis. The 60-S subunit carries the peptidyl transferase activity. The number of proteins in T. pyriformis ribosomal subunits was determined by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The 40-S subunit contains 30 different protein species (including two acidic proteins). The 60-S subunit contains 35 different protein species (including two acidic proteins). The proteins were numbered following the system of Kaltschmidt and Wittmann.
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Welfle H, Goerl M, Bielka H. Number and molecular weights of the basic proteins of rat liver ribosomes. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1978; 163:101-12. [PMID: 683173 DOI: 10.1007/bf00268969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
1) Efficient separation of the proteins from rat liver ribosomes can by achieved by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Complete separation of all components, however, is not possible with one system only. Comparison of the results obtained with different systems suggests further heterogeneity of S15, L22, L28, L33 and L35 and enables identification of S15a, S15b, L22a, L22b, L28a, L28b, L33, L33a, L35a and L36b. 2) Ribosomal proteins were substituted with iodoacetamide prior to electrophoresis or handled in all steps of the procedure in the presence of reducing agents. These procedures prevent the formation of oxidation products described erroneously as ribosomal proteins S5, S6, L15, L17 and L32 in earlier papers. 3) Estimation of the molecular weights was performed by two-dimensional separation of the small and large subunit proteins using sodium dodecyl sulphate in the second dimension. The positions of the 70 basic proteins in the 2-D patterns were identified. 4) The small and large subunit proteins have molecular weights in the range of 8000 to 35,000 and 11,000 to 55,500 Dalton, respectively. The number average molecular weights for the small and large subunit proteins are 22,500 and 26,500 Dalton, respectively. The sum of the molecular weights is 0.67 x 10(6) Dalton for the proteins of the small subunit and 1.05 x 10(6) Dalton for the proteins of the large subunit.
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Otaka E, Kobata K. Yeast ribosomal proteins. I. Characterization of cytoplasmic ribosomal proteins by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1978; 162:259-68. [PMID: 355832 DOI: 10.1007/bf00268851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The cytoplasmic 80s ribosomal proteins from the cells of yeast Sachharomyces cerevisiae were analysed by SDS two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Seventyfour proteins were identified and consecutively numbered from 1 to 74. Upon oxidation of the 80s proteins with performic acid, ten proteins (no. 15, 20, 35, 40, 44, 46, 49, 51, 54 and 55) were dislocated on the gel without change of the total number of protein spots. Five proteins (no. 8, 14, 16, 36 and 74) were phosphorylated in vivo as seen in 32P-labelling experiments. The large and small subunits separated in low magnesium medium were analyzed by the above gel electrophoresis. At least forty-five and twenty-eight proteins were assumed to be in the large and small subunits, respectively. All proteins found in the 80s ribosomes, except for no. 3, were detected in either subunit without appearance of new spots. The acidic protein no. 3 seems to be lost during subunit dissociation.
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Issinger OG, Beier H. Characterisation of ribosomal proteins from HeLa and Krebs II mouse ascites tumor cells by different two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis techniques. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1978; 160:297-309. [PMID: 27716 DOI: 10.1007/bf00332973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Electrophoresis of ribosomal proteins according to Kaltschmidt and Wittmann, 1970a, b (pH 8.6/pH 4.5 urea system) yielded 29 proteins for the small subunits and 35 and 37 proteins for the large subunits of Krebs II ascites and HeLa ribosomes, respectively. Analysis of the proteins according to a modified technique by Mets and Bogorad (1974) (pH 4.5/pH 8.6 SDS system) revealed 28 and 29 proteins in the small subunits and 37 and 38 proteins in the large subunits of Krebs II ascites and HeLa ribosomes. The molecular weights of the individual proteins were determined by: 1. "three-dimensional" gel electrophoresis; 2. two-dimensional gel electrophoresis at pH 4.K/pH 8.6 in SDS. The molecular weights for 40S proteins ranged from 10,000 to 39,000 dalton (number average molecular weight: 21,000). The molecular weights for the 60S proteins ranged from 14,000 to 44,000 dalton (number average molecular weight: 23,000) using the "three-dimensional" technique. A molecular weight range from 10,000 to 38,000 dalton (number average molecular weight: 21,000) was obtained for the 40S subunits, whereas the molecular weights for the 60S ribosomal proteins (average molecular weight: 26,000) ranged from 12,000 to 69,000 dalton using the pH 4.5/pH 8.6 SDS system. The molecular weights Krebs II ascites and HeLa ribosomal proteins are compared with those obtained by other authors for different mammalian species.
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Coddington A, Fluri R. Characterisation of the ribosomal proteins from Schizosaccharomyces pombe by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis: demonstration that a cycloheximide resistant strain, cyh1, has an altered 60S ribosomal protein. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1977; 158:93-100. [PMID: 607151 DOI: 10.1007/bf00455123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Begueret J, Perrot M, Crouzet M. Ribosomal proteins in the fungus Podospora anserina: evidence for an electrophoretically altered 60S protein in a cycloheximide resistant mutant. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1977; 156:141-4. [PMID: 600264 DOI: 10.1007/bf00283486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Proteins of cytoplasmic ribosomes of the Podospora anserina were analyzed by two dimensional gel electrophoresis. The numbers of proteins were estimated to be 28 in the small subunit and 41 in the large subunit. The L21 protein of the large subunit was found to migrate differently in a cycloheximide resistant mutant.
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Cannon M, Schindler D, Davies J. Methylation of proteins in 60S ribosomal subunits from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEBS Lett 1977; 75:187-91. [PMID: 323047 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(77)80083-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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