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SAURA ANJAO, SORSA VEIKKO. Electron microscopic analysis of the banding pattern in the salivary gland chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster Divisions 27, 28 and 29 of 2L*. Hereditas 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.1979.tb01664.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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DeFranco D, Burke KB, Hayashi S, Tener GM, Miller RC, Söll D. Genes for tRNALys5 from Drosophila melanogaster. Nucleic Acids Res 1982; 10:5799-808. [PMID: 6292853 PMCID: PMC320931 DOI: 10.1093/nar/10.19.5799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The sequences of two cloned genes from Drosophila which hybridize with tRNALys5 are reported. One gene, in plasmid pDt39, has a sequence which corresponds to the sequence of tRNA. The other gene, in pDt59R, differs in three nucleotides pairs. Both plasmids are transcribed in vitro with extracts of Drosophila Kc cells to give full-sized tRNA precursors with four additional nucleotides at the 5'-end as well as truncated molecules containing 35 nucleotides. This premature termination occurs in a block of four T residues within the mature coding region. Sequences flanking the tRNA genes show little in common except for the blocks of five or more T-residues beyond the 3'-end of the gene. pDt39 hybridizes to 84AB on the polytene chromosomes of Drosophila and pDt59R hybridizes to 29A.
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Larsen TM, Miller RC, Spiegelman GB, Hayashi S, Tener GM, Sinclair DA, Grigliatti TA. RNA-DNA hybridization analyses of tRNA-Val-3b in Drosophila melanogaster. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1982; 185:390-6. [PMID: 6808320 DOI: 10.1007/bf00334129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Transfer RNA was extracted from 50-300 mg of adult flies and specifically labeled in vitro. The level of individual isoacceptors was quantitated by efficient annealing to Drosophila tRNA genes carried on recombinant DNA plasmids immobilized on nitrocellulose filters. The level of tRNAVal3b in the tRNA isolated from flies deficient in the major tRNAVal3b loci has been examined. The results show that deletion of the major tRNAVal3b loci resulted in a reduction of approximately 50% in the level of tRNAVal3b but did not produce the Minute phenotype; furthermore the effects of deficiencies at two loci were approximately additive.
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Zhimulev IF, Belyaeva ES, Semeshin VF. Informational content of polytene chromosome bands and puffs. CRC CRITICAL REVIEWS IN BIOCHEMISTRY 1981; 11:303-40. [PMID: 6171381 DOI: 10.1080/10409238109104420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Dudler R, Schmidt T, Bienz M, Kubli E. The genes coding for tRNA Tyr of Drosophila melanogaster: localization of determination of the gene numbers. Chromosoma 1981; 84:49-60. [PMID: 6794997 DOI: 10.1007/bf00293362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Transfer RNA(Tyr) (anticodon G psi A) was isolated from Drosophila melanogaster by means of Sepharose 4B, RPC-5, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The rRNA was iodinated in vitro with Na125 I and hybridized in situ to salivary gland chromosomes from Drosophila. The genes of rRNA(Tyr) were localized in eight regions of the genome by autoradiography. Restriction enzyme analysis of genomic DNA indicated that the haploid Drosophila genome codes for about 23 tRNA(Tyr) genes. The regions 22F and 85A each contain four to five tRNA(Tyr) genes, whereas the regions 28C, 41AB, 42A, 42E, and 56D each contain two to three tRNA(Tyr) genes.
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Peffley DM, Sogin ML. A putative tRNATrp gene cloned from Dictyostelium discoideum: its nucleotide sequence and association with repetitive deoxyribonucleic acid. Biochemistry 1981; 20:4015-21. [PMID: 6269578 DOI: 10.1021/bi00517a010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Using a total tRNA population labeled with 32P, we have cloned a number of tRNA genes from Dictyostelium discoideum. A partial sequence of a cloned 1250-base-pair DNA insert, pDT-513, revealed the occurrence of a putative tRNATrp gene. In addition to the cloverleaf secondary structure, the tRNATrp gene contained all of the invariant and semiinvariant residues found in most tRNA sequences and has a 13-base-pair intron which is located one base removed from the 3' residue of the anticodon. The genomic distribution of the tRNA gene and its flanking sequences was examined via Southern annealing experiments. The structural gene is represented on at least six EcoRI fragments in the D. discoideum genome. Sequences flanking the 5' terminus of the cloned gene are repeated many times in the genome while the sequence flanking the 3' terminus of the pDT-513 DNA insert structural tRNA gene is present only once in the genome.
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Hayashi S, Addison WR, Gillam IC, Grigliatti TA, Tener GM. Hybridization of tRNAs of Drosophila melanogaster to the region of the 5S RNA genes of the polytene chromosomes. Chromosoma 1981; 82:385-97. [PMID: 6785047 DOI: 10.1007/bf00285764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We have previously reported that four tRNAs of Drosophila melanogaster randomly labeled with iodine-125 hybridize in part to the 56EF region of polytene chromosomes where 5S RNA genes occur. In the presence of a 100-fold excess of unlabeled 5S RNA no hybridization of randomly labeled 125I-tRNA Asp2 gamma occurred at 56EF although hybridization elsewhere was not affected. In addition, tRNAAsp2 gamma labeled by introducing 125I-5-iodocytidylyl residues into the 3'-CCA end with tRNA nucleotidyl transferase did not hybridize to 56EF but did hybridize to other sites. The hybridization of tRNALys2, tRNA3Gly and tRNAMet3 at 56EF was not eliminated by a 25 to 100-fold excess of unlabeled 5S RNA. When these tRNAs were labeled at the -CCA terminus they hybridized to 56EF as well as to their other sites with the exception that terminally labeled tRNALys2 no longer hybridized to 62A. The hybridization of the latter three species of tRNA to the region of the 5S genes, amongst other sites, is confirmed. The previously observed hybridization of tRNAAsp2 gamma in this region appears to have been due to contamination of the tRNA sample with traces of material derived from 5S RNA.
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Schmidt T, Kubli E. The localization of tRNA5Asn, tRNAHis, and tRNAAla genes from drosophila melanogaster by in situ hybridization to polytene salivary gland chromosomes. Chromosoma 1980; 80:277-87. [PMID: 6777122 DOI: 10.1007/bf00292685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Transfer RNA5 gammaAsn, tRNA gamma His, and tRNAAla were isolated from Drosophila melanogaster by means of Sepharose 4B chromatography and 2-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The tRNAs were iodinated in vitro with Na125I and hybridized in situ salivary gland chromosomes from Drosophila. Subsequent autoradiography allowed the localization of the genes for tRNA 5 gammaAsn in the regions 42A, 59F, 60C, and 84F; for tRNAHis in the regions 48F and 56E; and for tRNAAla in the regions 63A and 90C. From these and our previous results it can be concluded that the genes for the Q-base containing tRNAs (tRNAAsn, tRNAAsp, and tRNAHis, are not clustered in the Drosophila melanogaster genome.
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Elder RT, Szabo P, Uhlenbeck OC. In situ hybridization of three transfer RNAs to the polytene chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster. J Mol Biol 1980; 142:1-17. [PMID: 6776287 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(80)90202-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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12
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Gvozdev VA, Ananiev EV, Kotelyanskaya AE, Zhimulev IF. Transcription of intercalary heterochromatin regions in Drosophila melanogaster cell culture. Chromosoma 1980; 80:177-90. [PMID: 6159141 DOI: 10.1007/bf00286299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Labelled RNA preparations (total newly synthesized RNA, as well as stable cytoplasmic RNA) isolated from a cell culture of D. melanogaster were hybridized in situ with polytene chromosomes. Apart from the nucleolus, in all cases the regions adjacent to the chromocentre in the polytene chromosomes and the intercalary heterochromatin regions in the X chromosome and the autosomes are the most intensively labelled. In the case of asynapsis of polytene chromosomes in heterozygotes the label is detected in a number of intercalary heterochromatin sites in one homologue only ("the asymmetrical label"). The same kind of radioactivity distribution in intercalary heterochromatin regions was observed after a hybridization of polytene chromosomes with cloned DNA fragments (Ananiev et al., 1978, 1979) coding for the abundant classes of messenger RNA (Ilyin et al., 1978) in a cultured D. melanogaster cells. In some regions of intercalary heterochromatin which do not contain these fragments the "'asymmetrical" type of label distribution is observed after hybridization with cell RNA. - These results lead one to regard the intercalary heterochromatin regions as "nests" comprising different types of actively transcribable genes, the composition of each nest varying in different stocks of D. melanogaster.
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Dudler R, Egg AH, Kubli E, Artavanis-Tsakonas S, Gehring WJ, Steward R, Schedl P. Transfer RNA genes of Drosophila melanogaster. Nucleic Acids Res 1980; 8:2921-37. [PMID: 6776487 PMCID: PMC324135 DOI: 10.1093/nar/8.13.2921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Three recombinant plasmids containing randomly sheared genomic D. melanogaster tRNAs have been identified and characterized in detail. One of these, the plasmid 14C4, has a D. melanogaster (Dm) DNA segment of 18 kb, and has three tRNA2Arg and two tRNAAsN genes. The second plasmid, 38B10, has tRNAHis genes, while the third plasmid, 63H5, contains coding sequences for tRNA2Asp. The Dm DNA segments in each recombinant plasmid are derived from unique cytogenetic loci. 14C4 is from 84 F, 38B10 is from 48 F and 63H5 is from 70 A.
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Hayashi S, Gillam IC, Delaney AD, Dunn R, Tener GM, Grigliatti TA, Suzuki DT. Hybridization of tRNAs of Drosophila melanogaster to polytene chromosomes. Chromosoma 1980; 76:65-84. [PMID: 6766853 DOI: 10.1007/bf00292227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Highly purified tRNAs from Drosophila melanogaster were iodinated with 125I and hybridized to squashes of polytene chromosomes of Drosophila silivary glands followed by autoradiography to localize binding sites. Most tRNAs hybridize strongly to more than one site and weakly to one or more additional sites. The major sites for various tRNAs are the following: tRNA2Arg, 42A, 84F1,2; tRNA2Asp, 29DE; tRNA3Gly, 22BC, 35BC, 57BC, tRNA2Lys, 42A, 42E; tRNA5Lys, 84AB, 87B; tRNA2Met, 48B5-7, 72F1-2, 83F-84A; tRNA3Met, 46A1-2, 61D1-2, 70F1-2; tRNA4Ser, 12DE, 23E; tRNA7Ser, 12DE, 23E; tRNA3aVal, 64D; tRNA3bVal, 84d3-4, 92b1-9; tRNA4Val, 56D3-7, 70BC.
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Dunn R, Delaney AD, Gillam IC, Hayashi S, Tener GM, Grigliatti T, Misra V, Spurr MG, Taylor DM, Miller RC. Isolation and characterization of recombinant DNA plasmids carrying Drosophila tRNA genes. Gene 1979; 7:197-215. [PMID: 118082 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(79)90046-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant plasmids carrying Drosophila melanogaster tRNA genes were constructed by ligation of HindIII-cleaved Drosophila DNA to HindIII cut pBR322 DNA. 90 clones were isolated that contained genes for one or more of eleven tRNAs. 43 of the plasmids were characterized by a number of methods: restriction nuclease digestion; agarose gel electrophoresis; hybridization with individual, purified, 125I-labelled Drosophila tRNA molecules and in situ hybridization to Drosophila chromosomes. The results show that several different tRNA genes have been isolated which code for single, specific isoacceptors. The DNAs from 8 plasmids each hybridize to single sites on Drosophila polytene chromosomes. In addition, the data show examples of two different plasmids hybridizing to different loci coding for the same tRNA; this means that we have isolated representatives of tRNA genes which map at widely separated points on the Drosophila genome.
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Mazabraud A, Garel JP. Analysis of tRNA population from Drosophila melanogaster by means of polyacrylamide gel mapping. FEBS Lett 1979; 105:70-6. [PMID: 114421 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(79)80889-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Abstract
Transfer RNA and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases have been isolated from 5 day and 35 day old Drosophila melanogaster males. Transfer RNA isolated from old males cannot be aminoacylated to the same extent as tRNA from young flies. The average reduction is 16% and 53% for tRNALeu. The aminoacylation ability of some aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases isolated from 35 day old flies is reduced by more than 50%.
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Abstract
Transfer RNA and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases have been isolated from 5 and 35 day old Drosophila melanogaster males. The isoacceptor pattern of the following tRNAs is not changed irrespective of the source of the tRNA and amino-acylating enzymes: tRNAAla, tRNALeu, tRNAMet, and tRNASer. However, the Q base containing tRNAAsp, tRNAAsN, tRNAHis, and tRNATyr show dramatic changes in their isoacceptor patterns during the aging process. This probably reflects a change in the activity of a tRNA modifying enzyme. These findings are discussed in relation to Strehler's theory of aging and development.
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