1
|
Abstract
DNA probes are proving extremely valuable in the characterization o f cestodes - as well as other parasites. In this article, Kok Wei Yap and Andrew Thompson discuss some of the problems of DNA isolation, stressing the need for a gentle and economical procedure such as CTAB precipitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K W Yap
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Echinococcsis/Hydatidosis and Division of Veterinary Biology, School of Veterinary Studies, Murdoch University, 6150 Western Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Suzuki Y, Nagata A, Ono Y, Yamada T. Complete nucleotide sequence of the 16S rRNA gene of Mycobacterium bovis BCG. J Bacteriol 1988; 170:2886-9. [PMID: 3286624 PMCID: PMC211221 DOI: 10.1128/jb.170.6.2886-2889.1988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The complete nucleotide sequence of the 16S rRNA gene of Mycobacterium bovis BCG was determined. Its coding region was estimated to be 1,536 base pairs long. The nucleotide sequence of the gene in M. bovis BCG has homologies of 75 and 89% with those of Escherichia coli and Streptomyces lividans, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Suzuki
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Suzuki Y, Ono Y, Nagata A, Yamada T. Molecular cloning and characterization of an rRNA operon in Streptomyces lividans TK21. J Bacteriol 1988; 170:1631-6. [PMID: 2832372 PMCID: PMC211011 DOI: 10.1128/jb.170.4.1631-1636.1988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of rRNA genes in Streptomyces lividans was examined by Southern hybridization. Randomly labeled 23 and 16S rRNAs were hybridized with BamHI, BglII, PstI, SalI, or XhoI digests of S. lividans TK21 DNA. BamHi, BglII, SalI and XhoI digests yielded six radioactive bands each for the 23 and 16S rRNAs, whereas PstI digests gave one band for the 23S rRNA and one high-intensity band and six low-density bands for the 16S rRNA. The 7.4-kilobase-pair BamHI fragment containing one of the rRNA gene clusters was cloned into plasmid pBR322. The hybrid plasmid, pSLTK1, was characterized by physical mapping, Southern hybridization, and electron microscopic analysis of the R loops formed between pSLTK1 and the 23 and 16S rRNAs. There were at least six rRNA genes in S. lividans TK21. The 16 and 23S rRNA genes were estimated to be about 1.40 and 3.17 kilobase pairs, respectively. The genes for the rRNAs were aligned in the sequence 16S-23S-5S. tRNA genes were not found in the spacer region or in the context of the rRNA genes. The G + C content of the spacer region was calculated to be approximately 58%, in contrast to 73% for the chromosome as a whole.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Base Sequence
- Chromosome Mapping
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA Restriction Enzymes
- Electrophoresis, Agar Gel
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Genes, Bacterial
- Microscopy, Electron
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Nucleic Acid Hybridization
- Operon
- Plasmids
- RNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/ultrastructure
- RNA, Ribosomal, 23S/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 23S/ultrastructure
- RNA, Ribosomal, 5S/genetics
- RNA, Transfer/genetics
- Streptomyces/genetics
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Suzuki
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Suzuki Y, Mori T, Miyata Y, Yamada T. The number of ribosomal RNA genes inMycobacterium lepraemurium. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1987. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1987.tb02245.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
5
|
Suzuki Y, Yoshinaga K, Ono Y, Nagata A, Yamada T. Organization of rRNA genes in Mycobacterium bovis BCG. J Bacteriol 1987; 169:839-43. [PMID: 3027050 PMCID: PMC211855 DOI: 10.1128/jb.169.2.839-843.1987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of rRNA genes in Mycobacterium bovis BCG was examined by Southern hybridization of end-labeled 5S, 16S, and 23S rRNAs with BamHI, PstI, and SalI digests of M. bovis BCG DNA. Each RNA probe gave only one radioactive band with three kinds of DNA digest. These results suggest that M. bovis BCG chromosomes may carry only a minimum set of rRNA genes. Hybridization of randomly labeled rRNAs with BamHI, PstI, SalI, BglII, and PvuII digests of DNA from the same organism supported these conclusions. The 6.4-kilobase-pair SalI fragment containing the entire structural genes for both 16S and 23S rRNAs was cloned into pBR322. The cloned fragment was characterized by restriction endonuclease mapping, DNA-RNA hybridization analysis, and the R-loop technique. The results indicated that the fragments contained rRNA genes in the following order: 16S, 23S, and 5S rRNA genes. No tRNA gene was detected in the spacer region between the 16S and 23S rRNA genes, but one was found downstream of the 23S rRNA and 5S rRNA genes.
Collapse
|
6
|
Sancar GB. Sequence of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae PHR1 gene and homology of the PHR1 photolyase to E. coli photolyase. Nucleic Acids Res 1985; 13:8231-46. [PMID: 3906569 PMCID: PMC322122 DOI: 10.1093/nar/13.22.8231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The nucleotide sequence of a 2301 base pair region of Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA containing the PHR1 gene is reported. Within this region a single open reading frame of 1695 base pairs was found; using the insertional inactivation technique it was shown that part or all of this open reading frame specifies the PHR1-encoded photolyase. The amino acid sequence of the 565 amino acid long polypeptide predicted from the PHR1 nucleotide sequence was compared to the amino acid sequence of E. coli photolyase. Overall the sequence homology was 36.5%; however, two short regions near the amino terminus as well as the carboxy-terminal 150 amino acids display significantly greater sequence homology. The presence of these strongly conserved regions suggests that the yeast and E. coli photolyase possess common structural and functional domains involved in substrate and/or chromophore binding.
Collapse
|
7
|
Townsend DE, Ashdown N, Bolton S, Grubb WB. The use of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide for the rapid isolation from Staphylococcus aureus of relaxable and non-relaxable plasmid DNA suitable for in vitro manipulation. Lett Appl Microbiol 1985. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.1985.tb01496.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
8
|
|
9
|
Thomas C. 9 Analysis of Clones. J Microbiol Methods 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0580-9517(09)70057-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
10
|
Abstract
Ten strains of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis for plasmid DNA content and, by filter-hybridizations, for their molecular relationships. All strains examined contained at least one plasmid. Several strains carried as many as six different plasmid species with sizes ranging from 42 to 140 kilobases (kb). Those larger than 89 kb showed extensive homology with each other; the 42-kb plasmid of R. sphaeroides strain 2.4.1 was homologous to the smaller plasmid DNA of three other strains. A partial map of the 42-kb plasmid derived from R. sphaeroides 2.4.1 was prepared by analysis of restriction endonuclease digests. Cross-hybridization among the large plasmids indicated that those present in any one strain of R. sphaeroides showed homology to one or more of the large plasmids detected in strains L and 2.4.1.
Collapse
|
11
|
Mleczko JÃ, Mulczyk M. Characterization ofEscherichia coliplasmid coding for hydrogen sulfide production. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1983. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1983.tb00079.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
12
|
Abstract
A procedure based on successive precipitation of cell lysates with sodium dodecyl sulfate-NaCl and polyethylene glycol 6000 was developed which allows the isolation of plasmid DNA from
Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens.
A survey of
B. fibrisolvens
strains isolated from the bovine rumen showed that plasmids are a common feature of this species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R M Teather
- Animal Research Centre, Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0C6
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lehtinen H, Mäntsälä P. Transfer of nitrogen fixation genes into Pseudomonas putida isolated from Finnish tundra soil. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 1981; 47:405-10. [PMID: 6798929 DOI: 10.1007/bf00426002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The plasmid pRD1 containing the nif genes from Klebsiella pneumoniae was transferred by conjugation from Escherichia coli to Pseudomonas putida isolated from the tundra soil. 6-Cyanopurine, acetylene reduction and immunological tests showed that the nif genes were not expressed in P. putida. Existence of the nif genes in P. putida transconjugants was detected by transferring them to E. coli C600, which does not fix nitrogen. Existence of the nif genes in E. coli C600 transconjugants was detected immunologically and by acetylene reduction tests.
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
SUMMARYStaphylococcus aureusM4 has chromosomal resistance to streptomycin, plasmid-borne resistance to penicillin and tetracycline and probably chromosomal inducible erythromycin resistance. It also has constitutive erythromycin resistance which is unstable and linked to kanamycin and lincomycin resistance and the ability to produce a diffusible pigment. Variants have been isolated which have stable kanamycin, lincomycin and constitutive erythromycin resistance and these do not produce the diffusible pigment. In transduction experiments kanamycin, lincomycin and constitutive erythromycin resistance were always co-transduced together with streptomycin resistance. The transduction frequencies were approximately 100 times higher with the stable variants compared with the parent. The transductants, irrespective of the donor used, all had stable resistance and did not produce the diffusible pigment. Although transduction with UV-irradiated transducing lysates was characteristic of a plasmid, no corresponding plasmid DNA has been detected.
Collapse
|
15
|
Orth G, Jablonska S, Favre M, Croissant O, Obalek S, Jarzabek-Chorzelska M, Jibard N. Identification of papillomaviruses in butchers' warts. J Invest Dermatol 1981; 76:97-102. [PMID: 6257792 DOI: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12525394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the papillomaviruses found in the hand warts of 60 butchers, most of them from 2 distant slaughterhouses. Warts differing in morphology and location were studied separately. The viruses were identified by molecular hybridization, restriction enzyme analysis and immunofluorescence. Four known human papillomaviruses (HPV-1, HPV-2, HPV-3, HPV-4) were detected and one hitherto unknown papillomavirus was identified in 9 butchers. The DNA of the latter virus did not anneal with any of the RNAs complementary to either HPV-1 to HPV-5 or bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1) DNAs, and showed a Hind II + III restriction enzyme cleavage pattern distinct from those of known HPVs and BPVs. This virus showed distinct antigenic properties, as shown by immunofluorescence, using HPV-1, -2, -3, -5, and BPV-1 antisera. It may represent a new type of human papillomavirus (HPV-7) or a yet unidentified animal papillomavirus. In addition, 6 butchers were found to be infected with a papillomavirus, distinct from the known skin HPVs and from BPV-1, which could not be characterized by restriction enzyme analysis. Eleven butchers were found to be infected by 2 viruses. A characteristic histological pattern was found to be associated with the different papillomaviruses.
Collapse
|
16
|
|
17
|
Kloos WE, Kopp U, Orban BS, Blobel H. Agarose gel electrophoresis and restriction endonuclease analysis of largeStaphylococcus plasmids. Curr Microbiol 1979. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02602871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
18
|
Moore L, Warren G, Strobel G. Involvement of a plasmid in the hairy root disease of plants caused by Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Plasmid 1979; 2:617-26. [PMID: 231271 DOI: 10.1016/0147-619x(79)90059-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
19
|
|
20
|
Hughes V, Le Grice S, Hughes C, Meynell GG. Two major groups of colicin factors: their molecular weights. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1978; 159:219-21. [PMID: 345094 DOI: 10.1007/bf00270897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Colicin factors are thought to fall into two taxonomic groups which differ in, amongst other properties, the molecular weight of the plasmid DNA and the host range of the colicin protein. This hypothesis is supported by the plasmids found in 26 colicinogenic strains. Two small Col factors may have arisen from larger factors, judging from similarities between their colicins.
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
We have confirmed and further characterized the phenomenon of suppression of a dnaG mutation by an I plasmid and determined the requirements for the complete expression of suppressibility. The authentic derepressed mutation of the conjugal fertility system, described earlier, was shown to be one of the requirements. The second requirement is a previously undescribed type of mutation leading to a far higher degree of derepression of this system than the authentic drd mutation. This second mutation leads to extremely high conjugal fertility and pilus production. A third requirement for the complete expression of suppressibility is that the host recA function remain intact. recA function is required not merely for the fulfillment of the other two requirements described above, but also for an additional step or steps leading to its complete expression. The nature of this step(s) is unknown, but it is not insertion of the plasmid into the host genome.
Collapse
|
22
|
Ahluwalia A, Meynell G. Marked temperature optimum for acridine-curing of an F lacfactor in Escherichia coliK-12. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1977. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1977.tb00652.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|