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de Lima MF, Lisboa MDO, Terceiro LEL, Rangel-Pozzo A, Mai S. Chromosome Territories in Hematological Malignancies. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081368. [PMID: 35456046 PMCID: PMC9028803 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomes are organized in distinct nuclear areas designated as chromosome territories (CT). The structural formation of CT is a consequence of chromatin packaging and organization that ultimately affects cell function. Chromosome positioning can identify structural signatures of genomic organization, especially for diseases where changes in gene expression contribute to a given phenotype. The study of CT in hematological diseases revealed chromosome position as an important factor for specific chromosome translocations. In this review, we highlight the history of CT theory, current knowledge on possible clinical applications of CT analysis, and the impact of CT in the development of hematological neoplasia such as multiple myeloma, leukemia, and lymphomas. Accumulating data on nuclear architecture in cancer allow one to propose the three-dimensional nuclear genomic landscape as a novel cancer biomarker for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Fabiao de Lima
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada;
| | - Mateus de Oliveira Lisboa
- Core for Cell Technology, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná—PUCPR, Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil;
| | - Lucas E. L. Terceiro
- Department of Pathology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada;
| | - Aline Rangel-Pozzo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada;
- Correspondence: (A.R.-P.); (S.M.); Tel.: +1-204-787-2135 (S.M.)
| | - Sabine Mai
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada;
- Correspondence: (A.R.-P.); (S.M.); Tel.: +1-204-787-2135 (S.M.)
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Beseda T, Cápal P, Kubalová I, Schubert V, Doležel J, Šimková H. Mitotic chromosome organization: General rules meet species-specific variability. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:1311-1319. [PMID: 32612754 PMCID: PMC7305364 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on the formation of mitotic chromosomes from interphase chromatin domains, ongoing for several decades, made significant progress in recent years. It was stimulated by the development of advanced microscopic techniques and implementation of chromatin conformation capture methods that provide new insights into chromosome ultrastructure. This review aims to summarize and compare several models of chromatin fiber folding to form mitotic chromosomes and discusses them in the light of the novel findings. Functional genomics studies in several organisms confirmed condensins and cohesins as the major players in chromosome condensation. Here we compare available data on the role of these proteins across lower and higher eukaryotes and point to differences indicating evolutionary different pathways to shape mitotic chromosomes. Moreover, we discuss a controversial phenomenon of the mitotic chromosome ultrastructure - chromosome cavities - and using our super-resolution microscopy data, we contribute to its elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Beseda
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Acad. Sci., Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Šlechtitelů 31, CZ-77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Cápal
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Acad. Sci., Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Šlechtitelů 31, CZ-77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ivona Kubalová
- The Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Corrensstrasse 3, D-06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Veit Schubert
- The Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Corrensstrasse 3, D-06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Jaroslav Doležel
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Acad. Sci., Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Šlechtitelů 31, CZ-77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Šimková
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Acad. Sci., Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Šlechtitelů 31, CZ-77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Arifulin EA, Musinova YR, Vassetzky YS, Sheval EV. Mobility of Nuclear Components and Genome Functioning. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2018; 83:690-700. [PMID: 30195325 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297918060068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cell nucleus is characterized by strong compartmentalization of structural components in its three-dimensional space. Certain genomic functions are accompanied by changes in the localization of chromatin loci and nuclear bodies. Here we review recent data on the mobility of nuclear components and the role of this mobility in genome functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Arifulin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Y R Musinova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,LIA 1066 LFR2O French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, Villejuif, 94805, France.,Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - Y S Vassetzky
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,LIA 1066 LFR2O French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, Villejuif, 94805, France.,Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia.,UMR8126, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, 94805, France
| | - E V Sheval
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,LIA 1066 LFR2O French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, Villejuif, 94805, France
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Kuznetsova MA, Chaban IA, Sheval EV. Visualization of chromosome condensation in plants with large chromosomes. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 17:153. [PMID: 28899358 PMCID: PMC5596468 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-1102-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most data concerning chromosome organization have been acquired from studies of a small number of model organisms, the majority of which are mammals. In plants with large genomes, the chromosomes are significantly larger than the animal chromosomes that have been studied to date, and it is possible that chromosome condensation in such plants was modified during evolution. Here, we analyzed chromosome condensation and decondensation processes in order to find structural mechanisms that allowed for an increase in chromosome size. RESULTS We found that anaphase and telophase chromosomes of plants with large chromosomes (average 2C DNA content exceeded 0.8 pg per chromosome) contained chromatin-free cavities in their axial regions in contrast to well-characterized animal chromosomes, which have high chromatin density in the axial regions. Similar to animal chromosomes, two intermediates of chromatin folding were visible inside condensing (during prophase) and decondensing (during telophase) chromosomes of Nigella damascena: approximately 150 nm chromonemata and approximately 300 nm fibers. The spatial folding of the latter fibers occurs in a fundamentally different way than in animal chromosomes, which leads to the formation of chromosomes with axial chromatin-free cavities. CONCLUSION Different compaction topology, but not the number of compaction levels, allowed for the evolution of increased chromosome size in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Kuznetsova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992, Moscow, Russia
| | - Inna A Chaban
- All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaja 42, 127550, Moscow, Russia
| | - Eugene V Sheval
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992, Moscow, Russia.
- LIA 1066 LFR2O French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, 94805, Villejuif, France.
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Kuznetsova MA, Sheval EV. Chromatin fibers: from classical descriptions to modern interpretation. Cell Biol Int 2016; 40:1140-1151. [PMID: 27569720 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The first description of intrachromosomal fibers was made by Baranetzky in 1880. Since that time, a plethora of fibrillar substructures have been described inside the mitotic chromosomes, and published data indicate that chromosomes may be formed as a result of the hierarchical folding of chromatin fibers. In this review, we examine the evolution and the current state of research on the morphological organization of mitotic chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Kuznetsova
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992, Moscow, Russia.,A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992, Moscow, Russia
| | - Eugene V Sheval
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992, Moscow, Russia. .,LIA1066 French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, 119334, Moscow, Russia.
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Kirikovich SS, Levites EV. Role of polyteny and chromosome-membrane interactions in plant genetic processes. RUSS J GENET+ 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795413080048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Sheval EV, Polyakov VY. Chromosome scaffold and structural integrity of mitotic chromosomes. Russ J Dev Biol 2006. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360406060014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Polyakov VY, Zatsepina OV, Kireev II, Prusov AN, Fais DI, Sheval EV, Koblyakova YV, Golyshev SA, Chentsov YS. Structural-functional model of the mitotic chromosome. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2006; 71:1-9. [PMID: 16457612 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297906010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the present review the structural role of noncoding DNA, mechanisms of differential staining of mitotic chromosomes, and structural organization of different levels of DNA compactization are discussed. A structural-functional model of the mitotic chromosome is proposed based on the principle of discreteness of structural levels of DNA compactization.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Yu Polyakov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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Burakov VV, Tvorogova AV, Chentsov YS. Experimental Visualization of Chromoneme as a Higher Level of Chromatin Compactization in the Mitotic Chromosome. Russ J Dev Biol 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11174-005-0043-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Maruyama K. Stereoscopic scanning electron microscopy of the chromosomes in Vicia faba (broad beans). JOURNAL OF ULTRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH 1983; 82:322-6. [PMID: 6842655 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5320(83)80019-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Metaphase chromosomes of Vicia faba (broad beans) were observed in situ with a scanning electron microscope by cryofracturing the cell. The chromosome is composed of tortuous fibers 500 A in diameter. They may be seen distributed randomly, but sometimes they are seen running parallel in the chromosome. The parallel fibers spiral around the main body of the chromosome, whereas they run longitudinally in the secondary constriction. If a chromosome is composed of a single strand (unineme hypothesis for the chromosome), the parallel fiber arrangement may imply that a single fiber is looping back and forth in the chromosome.
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12
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Ware RW. Three-dimensional reconstruction from serial sections. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 1975; 40:325-440. [PMID: 1097356 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)60956-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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13
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Mericle LW, Mericle RP. Resolving the enigma of multiple mutant sectors in stamen hairs of tradescantia. Genetics 1973; 73:575-82. [PMID: 17248597 PMCID: PMC1212914 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/73.4.575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutant sectors in stamen hairs of Clone 02 Tradescantia are designated as "multiple sectors" when two or more occupy the same hair, separated by non-mutant cells. Statistical analyses show that most multiple sectors do not arise as chance associations of independent events: when the frequency of stamens with two or more sectors is lowest, the probability that the sectors will be located in the same, rather than in different, hairs is highest. Ontogenetically, the ratio of sector pairs in different hairs to pairs in the same hair is highest in that period of response to acute irradiation prior to the appearance of entire-hair sectors; thereafter, the ratio subsides, approaching that of spontaneous mutation and indicating that the initiating event takes place early in hair development. Most mononemic chromosome models will not account for the production of multiple mutant and non-mutant sectors, dispersed along a linear structure such as a stamen hair, following a single mutational event. Consideration is given to two models (one mononemic, and the other dinemic) which will readily provide the possibilities for either the immediate segregation of mutant and non-mutant cells, or for the perpetuation in daughter nuclei of a "heterozygous" chromosome capable of segregation at some later mitosis. The dinemic model is preferred because it affords operation of the mutation mechanism (including breakage and deletion) at either the DNA molecule or subunit level.
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Affiliation(s)
- L W Mericle
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, and Biology Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48823
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15
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Peterson PA. Controlling elements and mutable loci in maize: their relationship to bacterial episomes. Genetica 1970; 41:33-56. [PMID: 5480763 DOI: 10.1007/bf00958892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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16
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Schwarzacher HG. [Results of electron microscopic studies on human somatic chromosomes]. HUMANGENETIK 1970; 10:195-208. [PMID: 4920141 DOI: 10.1007/bf00295781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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18
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19
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Ohnuki Y. Structure of chromosomes. I. Morphological studies of the spiral structure of human somatic chromosomes. Chromosoma 1968; 25:402-28. [PMID: 4894149 DOI: 10.1007/bf02327721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
MESH Headings
- Chromatids
- Chromosomes
- Chromosomes, Human, 1-3
- Chromosomes, Human, 13-15
- Chromosomes, Human, 16-18
- Chromosomes, Human, 19-20
- Chromosomes, Human, 21-22 and Y
- Chromosomes, Human, 4-5
- Chromosomes, Human, 6-12 and X
- Culture Techniques
- Histological Techniques
- Humans
- Leukocytes/cytology
- Sex Chromosomes
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Person C, Suzuki DT. Chromosome structure--a model based on DNA replication. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF GENETICS AND CYTOLOGY. JOURNAL CANADIEN DE GENETIQUE ET DE CYTOLOGIE 1968; 10:627-47. [PMID: 5717673 DOI: 10.1139/g68-081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A model of chromosome structure is proposed which assumes: (i) that DNA replication is accomplished via right-hand (RH) rotation; and (ii), that where replicating DNA segments arc very long RH-rotation will not proceed with absolute freedom. It is expected that inhibition of rotation in daughter molecules will lead to the formation of left-hand-individual (LH-I) coiling systems in the two daughter molecules. It is also expected that inhibition of rotation in the parental molecule will cause the LH-I coiled daughters to be held together in a right-hand-relational (RH-R) association. The interaction between LH-I and RH-R coiling is expected to cause separation of the daughter molecules. Multistranded DNA-containing structures are expected to show, in addition to the LH-I coiling heirarchies formed within individual strands, an RH-R coiling heirarchy formed by the complex as a whole. An LH-I coiling heirarchy was looked for, and found, in Cleveland's drawings of flagellate chromosomes. Evidence for the existence of RH-R coiling was also found. Results of electron-microscope studies on chromosome structure were briefly examined, as were the structures of lampbrush chromosomes, salivary chromosomes and "normal" chromosomes. These studies provided additional, though less direct, evidence in favor of the replication hypothesis and the predictions developed from it.
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Schwarzacher HG, Schnedl W. [Electronmicroscopical studies of human metaphase-chromosomes]. HUMANGENETIK 1967; 4:153-65. [PMID: 6078179 DOI: 10.1007/bf00291260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Abstract
Meiotic chromosomes were isolated from male Oncopeltus fasciatus by dissecting the testes under insect Ringer's solution and spreading the living cells on the Langmuir trough. After being dried by the critical point method, preparations were examined under the electron microscope. Chromosomes at all stages of prophase prove to be multistranded. A significant increase in the number of parallel 250 A fibers in the chromosomes occurs between zygotene and diakinesis. Parallel folding, rather than true multistrandedness, is interpreted as the mechanism responsible for this observed increase in multistrandedness. It has not been possible to determine whether the multistrandedness observed at leptotene represents true multistrandedness or is the result of parallel folding. Apparent multistrandedness is lost at metaphase when the 250 A fibers of the chromosomes become coiled more tightly. In preparations isolated by these methods, no structures other than the 250 A chromosome fibers are visible in the chromomeres, which appear as regionally coiled or folded areas of the fibers along the arm of the chromosome.
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Ullerich FH. Karyotyp und DNS-Gehalt von Bufo bufo, B. viridis, B. bufo � B. viridis und B. calamita (Amphibia, Anura). Chromosoma 1966. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00326875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Keyl HG. [Duplications of subunits of chromosome DNA during the evolution of Chironomus thummi]. Chromosoma 1965; 17:139-80. [PMID: 5894342 DOI: 10.1007/bf00330079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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