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Pravenec M, Kren V, Hedrich HJ, Szpirer C, Levan G, Stahl F, St. Lezin E. Report on rat chromosome 1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0939-8600(99)80002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Yamada J, Kuramoto T, Serikawa T. A rat genetic linkage map and comparative maps for mouse or human homologous rat genes. Mamm Genome 1994; 5:63-83. [PMID: 8180477 PMCID: PMC7087631 DOI: 10.1007/bf00292332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/1993] [Accepted: 10/13/1993] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Yamada
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
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3
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Levan G, Szpirer J, Szpirer C, Klinga K, Hanson C, Islam MQ. The gene map of the Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus) and comparative mapping with mouse and man. Genomics 1991; 10:699-718. [PMID: 1889815 DOI: 10.1016/0888-7543(91)90455-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The current status of the rat gene map is presented. Mapping information is now available for a total of 214 loci and the number of mapped genes is increasing steadily. The corresponding number of loci quoted at HGM10 was 128. Genes have been assigned to 20 of the 22 chromosomes in the rat. Some aspects of comparative mapping with mouse and man are also discussed. It was found that there is a good correlation between the morphological homologies detectable in rat and mouse chromosomes, on the one hand, and homology at the gene level on the other. For 10 rat synteny groups all the genes so far mapped are syntenic also in the mouse. For the remaining rat synteny groups it appears that the majority of the genes will be syntenic on specific (homologous) mouse chromosomes, with only a few genes dispersed to other members of the mouse karyotype. Furthermore, the data indicate that mouse chromosome 1 genetically corresponds to two rat chromosomes, viz., 9 and 13, equalizing the difference in chromosome number between the two species. Further mappings will show whether the genetic homology will prove to be as extensive as these preliminary results indicate. As might be expected from evolutionary considerations, rat synteny groups are much more dispersed in the human genome. It is clear, however, that many groups of genes have remained syntenic during the period since man and rat shared a common ancestor. One further point was noted. In two cases groups of genes were syntenic in the mouse but dispersed to two chromosomes in rat and man, whereas in a third case a group of genes was syntenic in the rat but dispersed to two chromosomes in mouse and man. This finding argues in favor of the notion that the original gene groups were on separate ancestral chromosomes, which have fused in one rodent species but remained separate in the other and in man.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Levan
- Department of Genetics, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
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Goldner-Sauvé A, Szpirer C, Szpirer J, Levan G, Gasser DL. Chromosome assignments of the genes for glucocorticoid receptor, myelin basic protein, leukocyte common antigen, and TRPM2 in the rat. Biochem Genet 1991; 29:275-86. [PMID: 1722973 DOI: 10.1007/bf00590108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We have utilized rat-mouse somatic cell hybrids to make chromosomal assignments for the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), myelin basic protein (MBP), leukocyte common antigen (LCA), and testosterone-repressed prostate message-2 (TRPM2) genes in the rat. The genes for GR and MBP both map on chromosome 18 of the rat, which corresponds to the mapping of both genes on chromosome 18 of the mouse. The gene for LCA maps on chromosome 13, which is where C4b-binding protein beta-chain (C4BPB), coagulation factor V (F5), and renin have previously been assigned. This linkage group appears to be homologous to a substantial portion of mouse chromosome 1 and human chromosome 1q. Finally, the TRPM2 gene has been assigned to rat chromosome 15.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Goldner-Sauvé
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia 19104
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Kelly
- Renal-Electrolyte Section, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
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Molecular characterization of a major nephritogenic domain in the autoantigen of anti-tubular basement membrane disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1991; 88:2006-10. [PMID: 2000407 PMCID: PMC51155 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.88.5.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-tubular basement membrane (alpha TBM) disease is a form of primary interstitial nephritis mediated by autoimmune T cells and alpha TBM antibodies. In mice and humans the nephritogenic immune response is directed to a glycoprotein (3M-1) found along the proximal tubule of the kidney. We have isolated cDNAs from an expression library that encodes for the common framework domain of the 3M-1 antigen. This common domain was once related evolutionarily to a family of intermediate filament-associated proteins. Northern hybridization revealed that all isoforms of 3M-1 range between 1700 and 1900 base pairs and in situ hybridization studies indicate that transcripts are found in tubular epithelium. Candidate peptide fragments were deduced and synthesized from the sequence encoding this common framework domain, and one of the peptide residues was able to bind a monoclonal 3M-1-reactive alpha TBM antibody, stimulate the growth of 3M-1-reactive helper T cells, and induce nephritogenic effector T cells capable of producing interstitial nephritis. Our results indicate that a unique, immunodominant region of the 3M-1 antigen is an informative participant in the emergence of autoimmune injury to certain basement membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Wilson
- Research Institute of Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, California
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Matsumoto K, Yamada T, Natori T, Ikeda K, Yamada J, Yamori Y. Genetic variability in SHR (SHRSR), SHRSP and WKY strains. CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL HYPERTENSION. PART A, THEORY AND PRACTICE 1991; 13:925-38. [PMID: 1773524 DOI: 10.3109/10641969109042098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Genetic background for SHR (SHRSR) and SHRSP and WKY lines were screened by using biochemical genetic markers and class I major histocompatibility complex (RT1) typing. There were many kinds of SHR (SHRSR), SHRSP and WKY inbred lines. The genetic variabilities within SHR (SHRSR) or SHRSP strains were small, but those within WKY strains were not so small. When SHR lines were compared with WKY lines, the allele distribution in SHR lines was different from that in WKY lines at 3-13 loci. Three genetic markers, the Es-3b, Es-4a and PT1k, were identified as specific markers of SHR (SHRSR) and SHRSP. WKY/Izm, WKY/Hos, and WKY/Jim also carried the PT1k as well as SHR lines, but WKY/N and WKY/NCrj had the RT1l haplotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Matsumoto
- Institute for Animal Experimentation, University of Tokushima, School of Medicine, Japan
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Kunieda T, Kobayashi E, Ikadai H, Imamichi T, Nomura N, Ishizaki R. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms detected in N-ras-related sequences of rats and their linkage analyses. Biochem Genet 1990; 28:631-42. [PMID: 1982206 DOI: 10.1007/bf00553955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Novel restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) in inbred rats were revealed with the human N-ras gene as probe. Three fragments hybridizing to the probe were detected by Southern blot hybridization under highly stringent conditions, and one of the fragments showed variation in inbred rat strains. Furthermore, on hybridization under low-stringency conditions, an additional fragment hybridizing to the probe was observed, and this fragment also showed interstrain variation. These two variant fragments showed different distributions in 27 inbred rat strains and segregated in backcross progeny as codominant alleles of independent single autosomal loci. Therefore, the loci for these RFLPs were named Nras-1 and Nras-2, respectively. Analyses of linkages between the RFLPs and 11 other loci revealed that the Nras-2 locus was closely linked to the c locus (3.7 +/- 2.6%), which belongs to rat linkage group I.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kunieda
- Imamichi Institute for Animal Reproduction, Ibaraki, Japan
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Yoshida H, Wakashin Y, Ueda S, Azemoto R, Iesato K, Yamamoto S, Mori T, Ogawa M, Mori Y, Wakashin M. Detection of nephritogenic antigen from the Lewis rat renal tubular basement membrane. Kidney Int 1990; 37:1286-94. [PMID: 2189035 DOI: 10.1038/ki.1990.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Immunopathogenicity of trypsin-solubilized or non-solubilized renal tubular basement membrane (TBM) of the Lewis (LEW) rat was investigated. Autoimmune tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) was induced in BALB/c mice by immunization with trypsin-solubilized LEW rat TBM, while immunization with non-solubilized TBM did not produce the disease. Based on this preliminary experiment we studied the characterization of immunogenic and nephritogenic TBM antigen of the LEW rat. TIN was characterized by severe mononuclear cell infiltrates with multi-nucleated giant cells in the interstitium, tubular destruction and intensive IgG and C3 deposits along the TBM. Anti-TBM antisera and eluate from the nephritic mouse kidneys reacted with the TBM of normal LEW rat kidney by immunofluorescence. LEW rat TBM was also detected immunofluorescently by using antisera from BALB/c mice immunized with autologous trypsin-solubilized TBM. A competitive inhibition test revealed a higher titer of anti-TBM antibody in the eluate than in the adsorption-treated antisera per microgram IgG. Immunoblotting showed one reactive band with a molecular weight of 45,000 daltons, and the blotting patterns in tryptic TBM of the Brown Norway (BN) and LEW rats appeared similar. Amino acid analysis of nephritogenic LEW rat tryptic TBM showed that it contained no hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine, suggesting that this TBM preparation was not collagenous. These findings suggest that tryptic digestion contributes to the release of nephritogenic antigen from the LEW rat TBM and that this antigen system might participate in the immune system involved in the anti-TBM associated TIN that is well known to be induced by non-digested TBM of TBM antigen positive animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yoshida
- First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan
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Koch F, Haag F, Kashan A, Thiele HG. Primary structure of rat RT6.2, a nonglycosylated phosphatidylinositol-linked surface marker of postthymic T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1990; 87:964-7. [PMID: 2300588 PMCID: PMC53390 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.87.3.964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
RT6 is an unusual cell membrane protein that is expressed exclusively by postthymic T cells. The inherent defect in its expression has been correlated to lymphopenia and genetically determined susceptibility for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in the rat. We report here the primary structure of the RT6.2 alloantigen as deduced from the cDNA sequence. The predicted amino acid sequence of RT6.2 begins with a conventional leader of 20 amino acids and ends in a hydrophobic C-terminal extension peptide of 29 amino acids as is common for phosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins. Native RT6.2 is predicted to comprise 226 amino acids, with a calculated Mr of 26,036. Four cysteine residues account for two intrachain disulfide bonds. The sequence lacks potential N-glycosylation sites and contains an excess of positively charged residues. Homology searches in protein sequence data banks suggest that RT6.2 is not encoded by a member of the immunoglobulin supergene family. Moreover, these analyses did not reveal any close homologies of RT6.2 to known proteins: the highest homology found was 21.2% identity in a 52-amino acid overlap to the torpedo acetylcholinesterase precursor. Southern blot analyses indicate that RT6.2 is the product of a single-copy gene and provide evidence for closely related genes in the mouse and other species. The corresponding gene products remain to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Koch
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital, Hamburg, Federal Republic of Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- E G Neilson
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
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Guery JC, Hedrich HJ, Mercier P, Reetz IC, Mandet C, Mahieu P, Neilson EG, Druet P. Mapping of a gene for the Mr 48,000 tubular basement membrane antigen in the rat. Immunogenetics 1989; 29:350-4. [PMID: 2469653 DOI: 10.1007/bf00352846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J C Guery
- INSERM U.28, Hôpital Broussais, Paris, France
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Wilson CB. Study of the immunopathogenesis of tubulointerstitial nephritis using model systems. Kidney Int 1989; 35:938-53. [PMID: 2651771 DOI: 10.1038/ki.1989.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C B Wilson
- Department of Immunology, Research Institute of Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, California
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Matsuyama M, Matsuyama T, Ogiu T, Kojima A. Nodular development of spontaneous epithelial thymoma in (ACI/NMs x BUF/Mna)F1 rats. Jpn J Cancer Res 1988; 79:1031-8. [PMID: 3142833 PMCID: PMC5917618 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.1988.tb00070.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The BUF/Mna strain is a high thymoma line of rats, and virtually all rats develop overt thymomas by the age of 40 weeks. To reveal the early morphologic changes in this thymomagenesis, thymuses and thymomas were studied in (ACI/NMs x BUF/Mna)F1 (ABF1) rats, which inherit a thymoma susceptibility gene (Tsr-1) from the BUF/Mna strain. At 50 weeks of age, 18% of ABF1 rats had developed medium to large thymomas, 54% had just began to develop multiple, small round nodules in their involuted thymuses, and the remaining 29% had involuted thymus only. The nodules were, microscopically, composed of cortex-like tissues with a starry-sky pattern, showing a quite similar structure to that of the large macroscopic thymomas of predominantly lymphocytic type seen in 104-week-old ABF1 or BUF-Mna rats. Thus, the nodule was actually a small thymoma. In fact, their epithelial cells often had larger atypical nuclei than those in the adjacent involuted thymus cortex. At 104 weeks of age, the incidences of the medium to large thymomas and the small thymoma nodules in ABF1 rats were 64 and 19%, respectively. These results suggest that the thymoma of ABF1 rats occurs initially as multiple small nodules which develop further into medium to large overt thymomas as a result of growth and fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Matsuyama
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure Research, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya
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Abstract
The present status of research on genetic linkage is reviewed. Where possible, the data are statistically combined to give consolidated estimates of the recombination value. Ten groups of linked genes have been determined. The first assignments of linkage groups to specific chromosomes have been facilitated by inter-species cell hybridisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Robinson
- St. Stephens Road Nursery, London, England
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Neilson EG, Clayman MD, Haverty T, Kelly CJ, Mann R. Experimental strategies for the study of cellular immunity in renal disease. Kidney Int 1986; 30:264-79. [PMID: 2945032 DOI: 10.1038/ki.1986.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This overview has examined some of the current experimental options available for the study of cellular immunity in the immunopathogenesis of renal disease. T cell immunity, where it has been examined, seems to have a particularly pivotal role in orchestrating and regulating functional patterns of renal injury. The use of the research methods presented here for the study of cell-mediated interactional events in kidney disease, however, has lagged behind similar efforts in other organ systems. We hope, therefore, this report will serve to stimulate and strengthen further interest in the cell biology of the nephritogenic immune response.
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Kelly CJ, Silvers WK, Neilson EG. Tolerance to parenchymal self. Regulatory role of major histocompatibility complex-restricted, OX8+ suppressor T cells specific for autologous renal tubular antigen in experimental interstitial nephritis. J Exp Med 1985; 162:1892-903. [PMID: 2415658 PMCID: PMC2187971 DOI: 10.1084/jem.162.6.1892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BN rats develop interstitial nephritis after immunization with rabbit, but not rat renal tubular antigen. Using RT1n rat strains that differentially express tubular antigen, we investigated the unresponsiveness of BN rats to BN tubular antigen (BN-TBM) using delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses to BN-TBM as a measure of cell-mediated immunity. Our results indicate that rat strains expressing tubular antigen respond to immunization with BN-TBM with the clonal expansion of antigen-specific, cyclophosphamide-sensitive, OX8+, MHC-restricted suppressor T cells. Such suppression appears to be relevant to the maintenance of tolerance to parenchymal self, since chronic cyclophosphamide therapy abrogates suppression and results in significant interstitial nephritis.
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Agus D, Mann R, Cohn D, Michaud L, Kelly C, Clayman M, Neilson EG. Inhibitory role of dietary protein restriction on the development and expression of immune-mediated antitubular basement membrane-induced tubulointerstitial nephritis in rats. J Clin Invest 1985; 76:930-6. [PMID: 4044836 PMCID: PMC423956 DOI: 10.1172/jci112092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The protective effect of dietary protein restriction on the development and expression of immune-mediated interstitial nephritis was evaluated in Brown Norway rats with anti-tubular basement membrane disease. In the first series of experiments, pair-fed rats received low protein (LP) (3% casein) or normal protein (NP) (27% casein), normocaloric diets. After 6 wk, each group was immunized with renal tubular antigen in adjuvant to produce anti-tubular basement membrane antibody (alpha TBM-Ab) and tubulointerstitial nephritis. The kidneys harvested from NP rats after four more weeks on the diet had histologically more severe interstitial disease than the LP rats (histologic severity; NP = 3.1 +/- 0.2 vs. LP = 1.1 +/- 0.3; P less than 0.001), and serum creatinine values were concordantly different (NP = 1.34 +/- 0.02 vs. LP = 0.82 +/- 0.03). Titers of alpha TBM-Ab were similar in both groups, while the T cell-mediated immune response, as measured by delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), was nonspecifically impaired in LP rats when compared with the NP group. Admixture cotransfers of LP plus NP cells failed to demonstrate active suppression as an explanation for the depressed DTH in LP rats. The therapeutic role of dietary protein restriction was also examined in rats with established alpha TBM disease. In these experiments, rats were first immunized and fed NP diets for 4 wk (histologic severity = 3.0 +/- 0.2; creatinine = 1.78 +/- 0.02), and then were divided into two groups and followed for six more weeks on either LP or NP diets. LP rats, under these conditions, developed less disease than those fed NP diet (histologic severity; NP = 3.2 +/- 0.3 vs. LP = 1.4 +/- 0.2; P less than 0.001), and serum creatinine values were concordantly different (NP = 1.92 +/- 0.05 vs. LP = 0.97 +/- 0.02). Again, the titers of alpha TBM-Ab in both LP and NP groups were similar. These data collectively suggest that LP diet has a protective effect both on the development and extent of tubulointerstitial nephritis that is perhaps, in part, related to the selective abrogation of effector T cell immunity.
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Clayman MD, Martinez-Hernandez A, Michaud L, Alper R, Mann R, Kefalides NA, Neilson EG. Isolation and characterization of the nephritogenic antigen producing anti-tubular basement membrane disease. J Exp Med 1985; 161:290-305. [PMID: 3882878 PMCID: PMC2187569 DOI: 10.1084/jem.161.2.290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Using monoclonal antibody affinity chromatography, we isolated a 48,000 mol wt, glucose-rich glycoprotein (3M-1) from collagenase-solubilized rabbit renal tubular basement membrane (SRTA). The purified 3M-1 protein is noncollagenous, and is capable of inducing anti-TBM (tubular basement membrane) antibodies and interstitial nephritis in susceptible hosts. Further, when SRTA, at a normally nephritogenic dose, was selectively depleted of 3M-1, it lost its ability to induce disease. As shown by immunofluorescent techniques, 3M-1 appears to be localized on rodent TBM to the exclusion of the glomerular basement membrane, but was lacking in the TBM of the LEW rat, a strain devoid of the relevant antigen of anti-TBM disease. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed that 3M-1 was associated with the most lateral aspect of the TBM, which borders, and lies in the interstitium. These results indicate that 3M-1 is the nephritogenic antigen producing experimental anti-TBM disease.
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