1
|
Zhao H, Cao Y, Grunz H. Xenopus X-box binding protein 1, a leucine zipper transcription factor, is involved in the BMP signaling pathway. Dev Biol 2003; 257:278-91. [PMID: 12729558 DOI: 10.1016/s0012-1606(03)00069-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We describe a novel basic leucine zipper transcription factor, XXBP-1, which interacts with BMP-4 in a positive feedback loop. It is a maternal factor and is zygotically expressed in the dorsal blastopore lip and ventral ectoderm with the exception of the prospective neural plate during gastrulation. Overexpression of XXBP-1 leads to ventralization of early embryos as described for BMP-4, and inhibits neuralization of dissociated ectoderm. Consistent with mediating BMP signaling, we show that the ectopic expression of XXBP-1 recovers the expression of epidermal keratin and reverses the dorsalization imposed by truncated BMP receptor type I, indicating that it may act downstream of the BMP receptor. Its effects can be partially mimicked by a fusion construct containing the VP16 activator domain and the XXBP-1 DNA-binding domain. In contrast, fusing the DNA-binding domain to the even-skipped repressor domain leads to upregulation of the neural markers NCAM and nrp-1 in animal cap assay. Taken together, the results suggest a role for XXBP-1 in the control of neural differentiation, possibly as an activator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhao
- Department of Zoophysiology, University of Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, D-45117 Essen, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tiedemann H, Asashima M, Grunz H, Knöchel W. Pluripotent cells (stem cells) and their determination and differentiation in early vertebrate embryogenesis. Dev Growth Differ 2001; 43:469-502. [PMID: 11576166 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-169x.2001.00599.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian embryonic stem cells can be obtained from the inner cell mass of blastocysts or from primordial germ cells. These stem cells are pluripotent and can develop into all three germ cell layers of the embryo. Somatic mammalian stem cells, derived from adult or fetal tissues, are more restricted in their developmental potency. Amphibian ectodermal and endodermal cells lose their pluripotency at the early gastrula stage. The dorsal mesoderm of the marginal zone is determined before the mid-blastula transition by factors located after cortical rotation in the marginal zone, without induction by the endoderm. Secreted maternal factors (BMP, FGF and activins), maternal receptors and maternal nuclear factors (beta-catenin, Smad and Fast proteins), which form multiprotein transcriptional complexes, act together to initiate pattern formation. Following mid-blastula transition in Xenopus laevis (Daudin) embryos, secreted nodal-related (Xnr) factors become important for endoderm and mesoderm differentiation to maintain and enhance mesoderm induction. Endoderm can be induced by high concentrations of activin (vegetalizing factor) or nodal-related factors, especially Xnr5 and Xnr6, which depend on Wnt/beta-catenin signaling and on VegT, a vegetal maternal transcription factor. Together, these and other factors regulate the equilibrium between endoderm and mesoderm development. Many genes are activated and/or repressed by more than one signaling pathway and by regulatory loops to refine the tuning of gene expression. The nodal related factors, BMP, activins and Vg1 belong to the TGF-beta superfamily. The homeogenetic neural induction by the neural plate probably reinforces neural induction and differentiation. Medical and ethical problems of future stem cell therapy are briefly discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Tiedemann
- Institut für Molekularbiologie und Biochemie der Freien Universtität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Grunz H. Gene expression and pattern formation during early embryonic development in amphibians. J Biosci 1999. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02942663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
4
|
Inazawa T, Okamura Y, Takahashi K. Basic fibroblast growth factor induction of neuronal ion channel expression in ascidian ectodermal blastomeres. J Physiol 1998; 511 ( Pt 2):347-59. [PMID: 9706015 PMCID: PMC2231130 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.1998.347bh.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/1997] [Accepted: 05/12/1998] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
1. Cleavage-arrested anterior animal (a4-2) blastomeres isolated from eight-cell embryos of Halocynthia aurantium differentiated into neuronal type cells expressing neuron-specific ion channels when they were treated with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). This induction process was very similar to that when a4-2 blastomeres were cultured in contact with anterior vegetal (A4-1) blastomeres from the same embryos or when treated with subtilisin, a serine protease. 2. Other growth factors, transforming growth factor (TGF) beta1, activin A, epidermal growth factor (EGF) and nerve growth factor (NGF), had no effect on the default epidermal differentiation of cleavage-arrested a4-2 blastomeres. 3. Messenger RNA of the ascidian neuronal Na+ channel, TuNa I, was detected using RT-PCR in a4-2-derived partial embryos of Halocynthia aurantium as well as in the cleavage-arrested a4-2 blastomeres treated with bFGF, confirming the neural inducer activity of bFGF during ascidian embryogenesis. 4. bFGF was effective at concentrations as low as 1 ng ml-1 in inducing neuronal ion channels in cleavage-arrested a4-2 blastomeres. EC50 for neuronal differentiation was estimated to be around 8 ng ml-1, and the maximum effect of 90 % neuronalization was obtained with above 100 ng ml-1. 5. For induction of neuronal differentiation, bFGF was required to be continuously present 8 to 14 h after fertilization. A similar time window was required for cell-contact induction, but it was considerably shorter for subtilisin induction. 6. We discuss whether activation of receptor tyrosine kinase is a common pathway for neural induction by bFGF, subtilisin, and cell-contact with A4-1 blastomeres.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Inazawa
- Department of Advanced Medical Science, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-0072, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Neural Induction in Amphibians. Curr Top Dev Biol 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0070-2153(08)60260-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
|
6
|
Tiedemann H, Asashima M, Born J, Grunz H, Knochel W, Tiedemann H. Determination, induction and pattern formation in early amphibian embryos. Dev Growth Differ 1996. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-169x.1996.t01-2-00002.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
7
|
Li S, Mao Z, Yan S, Grunz H. Isolated Dorsal Animal Blastomeres of Xenopus laevis Are Capable to Form Mesodermal Derivatives, while the Ventral Animal Blastomeres Differentiate into Ciliated Epidermis Only. Zoolog Sci 1996. [DOI: 10.2108/zsj.13.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
8
|
Ariizumi T, Asashima M. Control of the embryonic body plan by activin during amphibian development. Zoolog Sci 1995; 12:509-21. [PMID: 8590829 DOI: 10.2108/zsj.12.509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic induction plays an important role in establishing the fundamental body plan during early amphibian development. The factors mediating this embryonic induction have, however, only recently been discovered. In the mid-1980's, certain peptide growth factors belonging to the FGF and TGF-beta families were found to have a mesoderm-inducing effect on isolated Xenopus blastula ectoderm. The study of embryonic induction subsequently expanded rapidly and knowledge at the molecular level has gradually accumulated. One of these peptide growth factors, activin, a member of the TGF-beta superfamily, is present maternally in the Xenopus early embryo and induces various mesodermal and endodermal tissues in isolated presumptive ectoderm. After exposure of presumptive ectoderm to activin, many genes are expressed in the same manner as in normal embryogenesis. Ectoderm treated with activin can induce a complete secondary embryo, the same as the organizer does in transplantation experiments. These findings suggest that activin is one of the first induction signals responsible for establishing the embryonic body plan in early amphibian development. In this article we shall review to what extent we can control the embryonic body plan in vitro, referring to some significant findings in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Ariizumi
- Department of Biology, University of Tokyo, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tiedemann H, Tiedemann H, Grunz H, Knöchel W. Molecular mechanisms of tissue determination and pattern formation in amphibian embryos. THE SCIENCE OF NATURE - NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN 1995; 82:123-34. [PMID: 7723850 DOI: 10.1007/bf01177272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Factors of the TGF-beta superfamily (activin, vegetalizing factor) and the FGF family determine endoderm and mesoderm. The dorsoventral polarity of the mesoderm depends on additional factors (BMP-4, Wnt-8, noggin). Activin can directly activate gene transcription by signal transduction. Mesoderm is determined by factors prelocalized in the marginal zone. Its differentiation depends also on the animal ectoderm. Neural inducing factors have been partially purified. A masked neuralizing factor in the ectoderm is activated by induction of the ectoderm to the nervous system. Phorbolester can evoke neuralization signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Tiedemann
- Institut für Molekularbiologie und Biochemie, Freien Universität, Berlin
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ariizumi T, Asashima M. In Vitro Control of the Embryonic Form of Xenopus laevis by Activin A: Time and Dose-Dependent Inducing Properties of Activin-Treated Ectoderm. (activin/ectoderm/organizer/Xenopus laevis/neural induction). Dev Growth Differ 1994. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-169x.1994.00499.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
11
|
Basic fibroblast growth factor can induce exclusively neural tissue in Triturus ectoderm explants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994; 203:304-309. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00457801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/1993] [Accepted: 08/26/1993] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
12
|
The possible role of mesodermal growth factors in the formation of endoderm inXenopus laevis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993; 202:233-239. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02427884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/1992] [Accepted: 12/07/1992] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
13
|
Spatial and temporal localization of FGF receptors in Xenopus laevis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992; 201:334-339. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00365120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/1992] [Accepted: 05/25/1992] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
14
|
Moriya N, Asashima M. Mesoderm and Neural Inductions on Newt Ectoderm by Activin A. (mesoderm induction/newt embryo/activin/EDF). Dev Growth Differ 1992. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-169x.1992.00589.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
15
|
Grunz H. Suramin changes the fate of Spemann's organizer and prevents neural induction in Xenopus laevis. Mech Dev 1992; 38:133-41. [PMID: 1419849 DOI: 10.1016/0925-4773(92)90005-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Suramin, a polyanionic compound, which has previously shown to dissociate platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) from its receptor, prevents the differentiation of neural (brain) structures of recombinants of dorsal blastopore lip (Spemann's organizer) and competent neuroectoderm. Furthermore, the suramin treatment changes the prospective differentiation pattern of isolated blastopore lip. While untreated dorsal blastopore lip will differentiate into dorsal mesodermal structures (notochord and somites), suramin treated dorsal blastopore lip will form ventral mesoderm structures, especially heart structures. The results are discussed in the context of the current opinion about the mode of action of different growth factor superfamilies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Grunz
- Universität GHS Essen, Abt. für Zoophysiologie, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tiedemann H, Lottspeich F, Davids M, Knöchel S, Hoppe P, Tiedemann H. The vegetalizing factor. A member of the evolutionarily highly conserved activin family. FEBS Lett 1992; 300:123-6. [PMID: 1563511 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(92)80178-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The mesoderm and endoderm inducing vegetalizing factor was partially sequenced after BrCN cleavage. A sequence which is highly conserved in activin A near the C-terminal end was identified. This shows that the factor belongs to the activin family. The activins are not confined to embryos and gonads, but widely distributed in other tissues like calf kidney and calf liver. Functional aspects are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Tiedemann
- Institut für Molekularbiologie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Concentration-dependent inducing activity of activin A. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991; 200:230-233. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00361342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/1991] [Accepted: 04/16/1991] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
18
|
Asashima M, Nakano H, Uchiyama H, Sugino H, Nakamura T, Eto Y, Ejima D, Nishimatsu S, Ueno N, Kinoshita K. Presence of activin (erythroid differentiation factor) in unfertilized eggs and blastulae of Xenopus laevis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1991; 88:6511-4. [PMID: 1862079 PMCID: PMC52115 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.88.15.6511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Activin A, a member of the transforming growth factor beta superfamily, has recently been found to have potent mesoderm-inducing activity on isolated early Xenopus animal-cap cells. We measured the activin activity of the Xenopus egg extract by using an erythroid-differentiating test with Friend leukemia cells. The results showed that an activin homologue is, indeed, contained in unfertilized eggs and blastulae of Xenopus laevis in a considerable amount. This activity was eluted at the same retention time as human activin A when fractionated by reversed-phase HPLC. Furthermore, the fraction containing erythroid-differentiating factor activity had mesoderm-inducing activity on Xenopus animal-cap cells. The mesoderm-inducing activity of this fraction was suppressed when coincubated with follistatin, an activin-binding protein. These results suggest that an endogenous activin may be a natural mesoderm-inducing factor acting in Xenopus embryogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Asashima
- Department of Biology, Yokohama City University, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bochert G, Platzek T, Rahm U, Neubert D. Embryotoxicity induced by alkylating agents: 6. DNA adduct formation induced by methylnitrosourea in mouse embryos. Arch Toxicol 1991; 65:390-5. [PMID: 1929854 DOI: 10.1007/bf02284262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Formation of DNA adducts in 11-day-old mouse embryos was studied by measuring the initial alkylation rates of the methylated purine bases 7-methylguanine, O6-methylguanine, and 3-methyladenine. In the first part of the studies the adduct rates were measured in the teratogenic dose range (ED10-ED90, 2.7-5.6 mg/kg). These results were compared with similar data obtained from studies with ethylmethanesulfonate and acetoxymethyl-methylnitrosamine. For the three investigated substances a correlation was found between the initial adduct rate of O6-alkylguanine in the DNA of the embryos and the teratogenic potency. In the second part of the study the rate of adduct formation was measured in the sub-teratogenic dose range. These data will be used for molecular dosimetry in a risk assessment of low doses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Bochert
- Institut für Toxikologie und Embryopharmakologie, FU Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Asashima M, Uchiyama H, Nakano H, Eto Y, Ejima D, Sugino H, Davids M, Plessow S, Born J, Hoppe P. The vegetalizing factor from chicken embryos: its EDF (activin A)-like activity. Mech Dev 1991; 34:135-41. [PMID: 1911396 DOI: 10.1016/0925-4773(91)90050-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The erythroid differentiation capacity of the HPLC-purified mesoderm- and endoderm-inducing vegetalizing factor from chicken embryos and of recombinant erythroid differentiation factor (EDF = activin A), an evolutionary highly conserved member of the TGF-beta protein superfamily have been compared. Both factors stimulate the synthesis of hemoglobin in erythroleukemia cells in the same concentration range. The EDF-activity of the mesoderm-inducing HPLC-fractions is inhibited by follistatin, an EDF-binding protein. The factor induces in ectoderm of Triturus taeniatus all kinds of mesodermal organs. The wide spectrum of organs is very likely to be induced by secondary interactions. At higher concentration (15 ng/ml), notochord- and endoderm-like tissues are induced in a high percentage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Asashima
- Department of Biology, Yokohama City University, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Asashima M, Nakano H, Uchiyama H, Sugino H, Nakamura T, Eto Y, Ejima D, Davids M, Plessow S, Cichocka I, Kinoshita K. Follistatin inhibits the mesoderm-inducing activity of activin A and the vegetalizing factor from chicken embryo. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991; 200:4-7. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02457635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/1991] [Accepted: 02/22/1991] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
22
|
Köster M, Plessow S, Clement JH, Lorenz A, Tiedemann H, Knöchel W. Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP-4), a member of the TGF-beta family, in early embryos of Xenopus laevis: analysis of mesoderm inducing activity. Mech Dev 1991; 33:191-9. [PMID: 1863557 DOI: 10.1016/0925-4773(91)90027-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We have screened a Xenopus ovary cDNA library using a synthetic oligonucleotide derived from that part of the inhibin beta A sequence, which is highly conserved within the TGF-beta family. Out of several clones yielding autoradiographic signals four turned out to represent Xenopus counterparts to the human bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP-4). Each two of the four sequences are nearly identical and probably account for different alleles whereas the two pairs showing 5% divergence may have arisen by genome duplication in this tetraploid species. The amino acid sequence of the Xenopus protein is 80% homologous to the human sequence showing no single exchange within the last 100 amino acids at the C-terminus. This region, which constitutes the main part of the mature, biologically active protein, also exhibits substantial homologies to other representatives of the TGF-beta family, especially to the Drosophila DPPC protein. Transfection of COS-1 cells with the Xenopus BMP-4 sequence under control of the CMV-promoter leads to the secretion of a protein which exhibits mesoderm inducing activity when tested with animal cap explants from Xenopus blastula stage embryos.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Köster
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Ulm, F.R.G
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
EMA, an epithelial membrane-associated antigen during early development and morphogenesis ofXenopus laevis. Dev Genes Evol 1990; 199:164-168. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01681489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/1990] [Accepted: 07/20/1990] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
24
|
Dau H, Wedlich D, Born J, Loppnow-Blinde B, Tiedemann H, Tiedemann H. Transforming growth factor beta and a mesoderm inducing factor from human blood platelets are different proteins. FEBS Lett 1990; 273:68-70. [PMID: 2226866 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(90)81052-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Dau
- Institut für Molekularbiologie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, FRG
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Otte AP, Bruinooge E, Driel R, Vente J, Durston AJ. Cyclic GMP is not involved in neural induction inXenopus laevis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990; 199:97-101. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02029556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/1990] [Accepted: 07/02/1990] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
26
|
Plessow S, Davids M, Born J, Hoppe P, Loppnow-Blinde B, Tiedemann H, Tiedemann H. Isolation of a vegetalizing inducing factor after extraction with acid ethanol. Concentration-dependent inducing capacity of the factor. CELL DIFFERENTIATION AND DEVELOPMENT : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGISTS 1990; 32:27-38. [PMID: 2090330 DOI: 10.1016/0922-3371(90)90096-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A vegetalizing factor has been isolated from chicken embryos by an improved method. The factor is extracted with acid/ethanol and finally purified by four consecutive steps of reversed phase HPLC. The molecular mass is about 25 kDa. The factor dissociates after reduction with dithiothreitol into two subunits of about 13 kDa. The factor was tested on Triturus alpestris by the implantation method, and on isolated ectoderm of Xenopus laevis in solution. The factor induces as the crude fractions all types of mesodermal tissues dependent on the concentration of the factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Plessow
- Institut für Molekularbiologie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, F.R.G
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Asashima M, Nakano H, Uchiyama H, Davids M, Plessow S, Loppnow-Blinde B, Hoppe P, Dau H, Tiedemann H. The vegetalizing factor belongs to a family of mesoderm-inducing proteins related to erythroid differentiation factor. THE SCIENCE OF NATURE - NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN 1990; 77:389-91. [PMID: 2274069 DOI: 10.1007/bf01135742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Asashima
- Department of Biology, Yokohama City University, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Mesodermal induction in early amphibian embryos by activin A (erythroid differentiation factor). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990; 198:330-335. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00383771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/1989] [Accepted: 10/31/1989] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
29
|
Knöchel W, Grunz H, Loppnow-Blinde B, Tiedemann H, Tiedemann H. Mesoderm induction and blood island formation by angiogenic growth factors and embryonic inducing factors. BLUT 1989; 59:207-13. [PMID: 2477087 DOI: 10.1007/bf00320849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Factors which induce mesoderm, including endothelium lined cavities and primitive blood cells in omnipotent amphibian ectoderm, have been isolated from different sources. Recently it was shown that angiogenic factors, which belong to the protein families of the heparin binding growth factors (acidic and basic fibroblast growth factor) and the transforming growth factors (TGF-beta 1 and -beta 2), also induce mesodermal tissues in amphibian ectoderm. In triturus ectoderm, capillary like endothelial networks are induced preferentially by the transforming growth factors. The relationship between growth factors and inducing factors is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Knöchel
- Institut für Molekularbiologie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Knöchel W, Tiedemann H, Tiedemann H. Mesoderm induction by transforming growth factor beta: medium conditioned by TGF-beta-treated ectoderm enhances the inducing activity. THE SCIENCE OF NATURE - NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN 1989; 76:270-2. [PMID: 2747804 DOI: 10.1007/bf00368638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- W Knöchel
- Institut für Molekularbiologie und Biochemie der Freien Universität, Berlin
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Knöchel W, Tiedemann H. Embryonic inducers, growth factors, transcription factors and oncogenes. CELL DIFFERENTIATION AND DEVELOPMENT : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGISTS 1989; 26:163-71. [PMID: 2670100 DOI: 10.1016/0922-3371(89)90747-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- W Knöchel
- Institut für Molekularbiologie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, F.R.G
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Langille RM, Hall BK. Developmental processes, developmental sequences and early vertebrate phylogeny. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 1989; 64:73-91. [PMID: 2675995 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-185x.1989.tb00672.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
(1) We have put forth the position that evolutionary sequences can be deduced by an analysis of fundamental developmental sequences. Such sequences are highly conserved within a group and 'contain steps which are necessary to achieve a developmental fate'. The premise of our work then, is that such fundamental sequences do not arise de novo time and time again but can be traced back through their evolutionary history in organisms which contain portions of the sequence. (2) These highly conserved developmental sequences are in fact developmental constraints to evolution in as much as natural selection has not been able to discard them, but rather has utilized them in achieving evolutionary change. (3) We have demonstrated the ability to use developmental data by producing an evolutionary sequence for the origin of the vertebrates using the processes of neuralization and cephalization, the latter due primarily to the influences of the neural crest and epidermal placodes. The evolutionary sequence created, while not novel in structure, is distinct in that it was created solely by following a developmental sequence that is highly conserved among the vertebrates. The sequence is: (a) Chordamesoderm differentiates from the surrounding mesoderm and induces an overlying neural tube. (b) Through the influence of neuralizing morphogens, the neural tube differentiates into anterior (fore-, mid- and hindbrain) and posterior (spinal cord) parts. Cephalization has begun. (c) Cephalization proceeds via the development of two new populations of embryonic cells, the neural crest, a derivative of the neural epithelium and the epidermal placodes, derivatives of the ectoderm immediately adjacent to the neural tube. These two populations contribute significantly to the subsequent development of the vertebrate head including the skeleton, connective tissues, cranial nerve and sensory organs. Sequence (a) occurs in the most primitive protochordates and is one of the differences between the chordates and deuterostome invertebrates. Sequence (b) occurred next leading to a protochordate with a differentiated central nervous system, but lacking most vertebrate head structures. Sequence (c) signalled the beginning of the true vertebrates or branchiates (after the branchial arches which all 'vertebrates' share) since the production of a neurocranium, viscerocranium, cephalic armour, teeth and cranial peripheral ganglia was only possible with the acquisition of this developmental step.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Collapse
|
33
|
Grunz H, Born J, Davids M, Hoppe P, Loppnow-Blinde B, Tacke L, Tiedemann H, Tiedemann H. A mesoderm-inducing factor from a Xenopus laevis cell line. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989; 198:8-13. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00376364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/1988] [Accepted: 01/25/1989] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|