1
|
van Leeuwen CHA, de Leeuw JJ, van Keeken OA, Volwater JJJ, Seljee F, van Aalderen R, van Emmerik WAM, Bakker ES. Multispecies fish tracking across newly created shallow and deep habitats in a forward-restored lake. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2023; 11:43. [PMID: 37501192 PMCID: PMC10373381 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-023-00405-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Freshwater fish communities typically thrive in heterogenous ecosystems that offer various abiotic conditions. However, human impact increasingly leads to loss of this natural heterogeneity and its associated rich fish communities. To reverse this trend, we need guidelines on how to effectively restore or recreate habitats for multiple fish species. Lake Markermeer in the Netherlands is a human-created 70,000-ha lake with a uniform 4 m-water depth, steep shorelines, high wind-induced turbidity, and a declining fish community. In 2016, a forward-looking restoration project newly created a 1000-ha five-island archipelago in this degrading lake, which offered new sheltered shallow waters and deep sand excavations to the fish community. METHODS In 2020, we assessed how omnivorous and piscivorous fish species used these new habitats by tracking 78 adult fish of five key species across local and lake-scales. We monitored spring arrival of adult fish and assessed local macro-invertebrate and young-of-the-year fish densities. RESULTS Adult omnivorous Cyprinidae and piscivorous Percidae arrived at the archipelago in early spring, corresponding with expected spawning movements. During the productive summer season, 12 species of young-of-the-year fish appeared along the sheltered shorelines, with particularly high densities of common roach (Rutilus rutilus) and European perch (Perca fluviatilis). This suggests the sheltered, shallow, vegetated waters formed new suitable spawning and recruitment habitat for the fish community. Despite highest food densities for adult fish in the shallowest habitats (< 2-m), adult fish preferred minimally 2-m deep water. After spawning most Cyprinidae left the archipelago and moved long distances through the lake system, while most Percidae remained resident. This may be related to (1) high densities of young-of-the-year fish as food for piscivores, (2) medium food densities for omnivores compared to elsewhere in the lake-system, or (3) the attractiveness of 30-m deep sand excavations that were newly created and frequently used by one-third of all tracked fish. CONCLUSIONS New littoral zones and a deep sand excavation constructed in a uniform shallow lake that lacked these habitat types attracted omnivorous and piscivorous fish species within four years. Both feeding guilds used the littoral zones for reproduction and nursery, and notably piscivorous fish became residents year-round.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Casper H A van Leeuwen
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Joep J de Leeuw
- Wageningen Marine Research, Wageningen UR, Haringkade 1, 1976 CP, IJmuiden, The Netherlands
| | - Olvin A van Keeken
- Wageningen Marine Research, Wageningen UR, Haringkade 1, 1976 CP, IJmuiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joey J J Volwater
- Wageningen Marine Research, Wageningen UR, Haringkade 1, 1976 CP, IJmuiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ferdi Seljee
- Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute of Evolutionary Life Sciences, Groningen University, Nijenborg 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roland van Aalderen
- Royal Dutch Angling Association, Leyenseweg 115, 3721 BC, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Elisabeth S Bakker
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Group, Wageningen UR, Droevendaalsesteeg 2, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gießler S, Strauss T, Schachtl K, Jankowski T, Klotz R, Stibor H. Trophic Positions of Polyp and Medusa Stages of the Freshwater Jellyfish Craspedacusta sowerbii Based on Stable Isotope Analysis. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:814. [PMID: 37372099 DOI: 10.3390/biology12060814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
When species spread into new regions, competition with native species and predatory-prey relationships play a major role in whether the new species can successfully establish itself in the recipient food web and become invasive. In aquatic habitats, species with a metagenetic life cycle, such as the freshwater jellyfish Craspedacusta with benthic polyps and planktonic medusae, have to meet the requirements of two distinct life stages occurring in two habitats with different food webs. Here, we examined the trophic position of both life stages, known to be predatory, and compared their niches with those of putative native competitors using stable isotope analysis. We found that δ13C and δ15N signatures of medusae overlapped with those of co-occurring Chaoborus larvae and juvenile fish (Rutilus rutilus) in a well-studied lake, implying high competition with these native predators. The comparison of δ15N signatures of Hydra and Craspedacusta polyps in four additional lakes revealed their similar trophic position, matching their predatory lifestyle. However, their δ13C signatures differed not only across all four of the lakes studied but also within one lake over time, suggesting a preference for pelagic or benthic food sources. We conclude that invasive and native polyps differ in their niches due to different food spectra, which favors the invasion success of Craspedacusta.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Gießler
- Faculty of Biology, Aquatic Ecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Grosshaderner Str. 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Tido Strauss
- Research Institute for Ecosystem Analysis and Assessment (gaiac), Kackertstrasse 10, 52072 Aachen, Germany
| | - Katrin Schachtl
- Faculty of Biology, Aquatic Ecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Grosshaderner Str. 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Thomas Jankowski
- Limnological Institute, University of Konstanz, Mainaustraße 252, 78467 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Ramona Klotz
- Faculty of Biology, Aquatic Ecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Grosshaderner Str. 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Herwig Stibor
- Faculty of Biology, Aquatic Ecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Grosshaderner Str. 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
The monitoring of diet and habitat preferences indicates competitive effect of exotic Ictalurus nebulosus on native fish under food-limited conditions. Glob Ecol Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
4
|
Rieder JM, Vonlanthen P, Seehausen O, Lucek K. Allopatric and sympatric diversification within roach (Rutilus rutilus) of large pre-alpine lakes. J Evol Biol 2019; 32:1174-1185. [PMID: 31257688 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Intraspecific differentiation in response to divergent natural selection between environments is a common phenomenon in some northern freshwater fishes, especially salmonids and stickleback. Understanding why these taxa diversify and undergo adaptive radiations while most other fish species in the same environments do not, remains an open question. The possibility for intraspecific diversification has rarely been evaluated for most northern freshwater fish species. Here, we assess the potential for intraspecific differentiation between and within lake populations of roach (Rutilus rutilus)-a widespread and abundant cyprinid species-in lakes in which salmonids have evolved endemic adaptive radiations. Based on more than 3,000 polymorphic RADseq markers, we detected low but significant genetic differentiation between roach populations of two ultraoligotrophic lakes and between these and populations from other lakes. This, together with differentiation in head morphology and stable isotope signatures, suggests evolutionary and ecological differentiation among some of our studied populations. Next, we tested for intralacustrine diversification of roach within Lake Brienz, the most pristine lake surveyed in this study. We found significant phenotypic evidence for ecological intralacustrine differentiation between roach caught over a muddy substrate and those caught over a rocky substrate. However, evidence for intralacustrine genetic differentiation is at best subtle and phenotypic changes may therefore be mostly plastic. Overall, our findings suggest roach can differ between ecologically distinct lakes, but the extent of intralacustrine ecological differentiation is weak, which contrasts with the strong differentiation among endemic species of whitefish in the same lakes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Rieder
- Division of Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Eawag Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Center of Ecology, Evolution, and Biogeochemistry, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland.,Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Vonlanthen
- Division of Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Eawag Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Center of Ecology, Evolution, and Biogeochemistry, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland.,Aquabios GmbH, Cordast, Switzerland
| | - Ole Seehausen
- Division of Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Eawag Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Center of Ecology, Evolution, and Biogeochemistry, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Kay Lucek
- Division of Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Eawag Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Center of Ecology, Evolution, and Biogeochemistry, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland.,Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Britton JR, Gutmann Roberts C, Amat Trigo F, Nolan ET, De Santis V. Predicting the ecological impacts of an alien invader: Experimental approaches reveal the trophic consequences of competition. J Anim Ecol 2019; 88:1066-1078. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Robert Britton
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences Bournemouth University Poole UK
| | | | - Fatima Amat Trigo
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences Bournemouth University Poole UK
- Departmento de Zoología y Antropología Física Universidad de Murcia Murcia Spain
| | - Emma T. Nolan
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences Bournemouth University Poole UK
| | - Vanessa De Santis
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences Bournemouth University Poole UK
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences University of Insubria Varese Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shuai LY, Cao C, Xin XP, Liu ZT, Zeng ZG. Feeding preference and diet overlap at different taxonomic scales: the implications for coexistence of two small herbivores. J Mammal 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyz047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ying Shuai
- School of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Xin
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Tao Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhi-Gao Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Boedeltje G, Klutman B, Schaap M, Sollman P, de Vos M, Lenssen JPM, Verberk WCEP. Plant Dispersal in a Temperate Stream by Fish Species With Contrasting Feeding Habits: The Role of Plant Traits, Fish Diet, Season, and Propagule Availability. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
8
|
Clay NA, Lehrter RJ, Kaspari M. Towards a geography of omnivory: Omnivores increase carnivory when sodium is limiting. J Anim Ecol 2017; 86:1523-1531. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael Kaspari
- Department of Biology University of Oklahoma Norman OK USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Balboa Panama
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Different levels of precision in studies on the alimentary tract content of omnivorous fish affect predictions of their food niche and competitive interactions. C R Biol 2015; 338:678-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
10
|
Solovyev MM, Kashinskaya EN, Izvekova GI, Gisbert E, Glupov VV. Feeding habits and ontogenic changes in digestive enzyme patterns in five freshwater teleosts. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2014; 85:1395-412. [PMID: 25199648 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Feeding habits and the activity of digestive enzymes (total alkaline proteases, α-amylase and lipase) from dace Leuciscus leuciscus, roach Rutilus rutilus, Prussian carp Carassius auratus gibelio, perch Perca fluviatilis and pikeperch Sander lucioperca fry were studied in the Malye Chany Lake-Kargat Estuary (western Siberia, Russia). The diet of fry from all studied species was mainly composed of chironomid larvae and zooplanktonic organisms (i.e. cladocera and copepoda), whereas carnivorous species such as P. fluviatilis and S. lucioperca also preyed on fry from other fishes while detritus and microalgae were also important in the diet of ommivorous species. When comparing diet similarity (Sørensen-Dice index, Q(S)) among fry at different stages of development, both omnivorous and carnivorous species showed a high level of similarity (0.67 < Q(S) < 0.89 and 0.73 < Q(S)< 0.89, respectively). Diet similarity values were in agreement with the overall digestive activity profile analysed by cluster analysis. Diet similarity suggested potential trophic competition when zooplanktonic and benthic prey began to decline towards autumn. The analysis of pancreatic digestive enzymes revealed a correlation among their activities and fry feeding habits with α-amylase:total proteases (A:P) values higher than 1 in omnivorous species and lower (A:P ≤ 1) in carnivorous species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M M Solovyev
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 11 Frunze St., Novosibirsk 630091, Russia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yavno S, Rooke AC, Fox MG. Morphological change and phenotypic plasticity in native and non-native pumpkinseed sunfish in response to competition. Naturwissenschaften 2014; 101:479-92. [PMID: 24771040 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-014-1177-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Non-indigenous species are oftentimes exposed to ecosystems with unfamiliar species, and organisms that exhibit a high degree of phenotypic plasticity may be better able to contend with the novel competitors that they may encounter during range expansion. In this study, differences in morphological plasticity were investigated using young-of-year pumpkinseed sunfish (Lepomis gibbosus) from native North American and non-native European populations. Two Canadian populations, isolated from bluegill sunfish (L. macrochirus) since the last glaciation, and two Spanish populations, isolated from bluegill since their introduction in Europe, were reared in a common environment using artificial enclosures. Fish were subjected to allopatric (without bluegill) or sympatric (with bluegill) conditions, and differences in plasticity were tested through a MANOVA of discriminant function scores. All pumpkinseed populations exhibited dietary shifts towards more benthivorous prey when held with bluegill. Differences between North American and European populations were observed in body dimensions, gill raker length and pelvic fin position. Sympatric treatments induced an increase in body width and a decrease in caudal peduncle length in native fish; non-native fish exhibited longer caudal peduncle lengths when held in sympatry with bluegill. Overall, phenotypic plasticity influenced morphological divergence less than genetic factors, regardless of population. Contrary to predictions, pumpkinseeds from Europe exhibited lower levels of phenotypic plasticity than Canadian populations, suggesting that European pumpkinseeds are more canalized than their North American counterparts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stan Yavno
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON, Canada, K9J 7B8,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bryhn AC, Stabo HR, Olsson J. Modelling the biomass of functional groups of fish in an archipelago bay of the Baltic Sea. Ecol Modell 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
13
|
Horppila J, Nurminen L. Food niche segregation between two herbivorous cyprinid species in a turbid lake. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2009; 75:1230-1243. [PMID: 20738611 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02359.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The diet and growth of two cyprinids, roach Rutilus rutilus and rudd Scardinius erythrophthalmus, in the clay-turbid Kirkkojärvi basin in Lake Hiidenvesi (Finland) were studied. Young R. rutilus fed mainly on detritus, molluscs, chironomids and zooplankton, while older individuals consumed mostly detritus, molluscs and filamentous algae. In the food of S. erythrophthalmus, detritus was less prevalent and animal food and plants contributed to most of the diets. The animal food of S. erythrophthalmus consisted mostly of surface insects. Of the plant food, the macrophytes Potamogeton obtusifolius and Ranunculus circinatus had the highest representation, while the proportion of filamentous algae was low. The growth rate of S. erythrophthalmus was significantly higher than that of R. rutilus. The results suggested that the species composition of vascular macrophytes was not favourable for R. rutilus. Small submerged species suitable for R. rutilus were absent and they fed on filamentous algae and detritus, which resulted in a slow growth rate. The results suggested that in a clay-turbid lake the food spectrum is more suitable for S. erythrophthalmus than for R. rutilus. In such conditions, R. rutilus may have no benefit from its generalistic feeding abilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Horppila
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, FI 00014, Finland.
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sharma CM, Borgstrøm R, Huitfeldt JS, Rosseland BO. Selective exploitation of large pike Esox lucius--effects on mercury concentrations in fish populations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2008; 399:33-40. [PMID: 18485450 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2007] [Revised: 03/12/2008] [Accepted: 03/17/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The present study outlines two main trends of mercury transfer patterns through the fish community: 1) the Hg concentrations increase with increase in the trophic level, with top predators having the highest concentrations, and 2) a fast growth rate may dilute the concentrations of Hg in fish muscle tissue (growth biodilution). In 2004, an extensive reduction in number of large pike (Esox lucius L.), was initiated by selective gillnet fishing in Lake Arungen, Norway, in order to increase the pike recruitment due to an expected reduction in cannibalism. In this connection, total mercury (THg) concentrations in the fish community were studied both before (2003) and after (2005) the removal of large pike. The delta(15)N signatures and stomach content analyses indicated that pike and perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) occupied the highest trophic position, while roach (Rutilus rutilus (L.)) was at the lower level, and rudd (Scardinius erythrophthalmus L.) at the lowest. The piscivores, pike and perch, had the highest concentrations of THg. The biomagnification rate of THg through the food web in the fish community was 0.163 (per thousand delta(15)N), with the highest uptake rate (0.232) in perch. A significant decrease in THg concentrations was found in all fish species in 2005 compared to 2003. Removal of the top predators in an Hg contaminated lake might thus be an important management tool for reducing Hg levels in fish, thereby reducing health risk to humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chhatra Mani Sharma
- Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 As, Norway.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yopak KE, Lisney TJ, Collin SP, Montgomery JC. Variation in brain organization and cerebellar foliation in chondrichthyans: sharks and holocephalans. BRAIN, BEHAVIOR AND EVOLUTION 2007; 69:280-300. [PMID: 17314475 DOI: 10.1159/000100037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2006] [Accepted: 07/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The widespread variation in brain size and complexity that is evident in sharks and holocephalans is related to both phylogeny and ecology. Relative brain size (expressed as encephalization quotients) and the relative development of the five major brain areas (the telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, cerebellum, and medulla) was assessed for over 40 species from 20 families that represent a range of different lifestyles and occupy a number of habitats. In addition, an index (1-5) quantifying structural complexity of the cerebellum was created based on length, number, and depth of folds. Although the variation in brain size, morphology, and complexity is due in part to phylogeny, as basal groups have smaller brains, less structural hypertrophy, and lower foliation indices, there is also substantial variation within and across clades that does not reflect phylogenetic relationships. Ecological correlations, with the relative development of different brain areas as well as the complexity of the cerebellar corpus, are supported by cluster analysis and are suggestive of a range of 'cerebrotypes'. These correlations suggest that relative brain development reflects the dimensionality of the environment and/or agile prey capture in addition to phylogeny.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kara E Yopak
- Leigh Marine Laboratory, University of Auckland, Leigh, New Zealand.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pinder JE, Hinton TG, Whicker FW. Foliar uptake of cesium from the water column by aquatic macrophytes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2006; 85:23-47. [PMID: 15990203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2005.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2005] [Revised: 04/27/2005] [Accepted: 05/10/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The probable occurrence and rate of foliar absorption of stable cesium (133Cs) from the water column by aquatic macrophyte species was analyzed following the addition of 133Cs into a small reservoir near Aiken, South Carolina, USA. An uptake parameter u (10(3)Lkg(-1)d(-1)) and a loss rate parameter k (d(-1)) were estimated for each species using time series of 133Cs concentrations in the water and plant tissues. Foliar uptake, as indicated by rapid increases in plant concentrations following the 133Cs addition, occurred in two floating-leaf species, Brasenia schreberi and Nymphaea odorata, and two submerged species, Myriophyllum spicatum and Utricularia inflata. These species had values of u> or =0.75 x 10(3)Lkg(-1)d(-1). Less evidence for foliar uptake was observed in three emergent species, including Typha latifolia. Ratios of u to k for B. schreberi, M. spicatum, N. odorata and U. inflata can be used to estimate concentration ratios (CR) at equilibrium, and these estimates were generally within a factor of 2 of the CR for 137Cs for these species in the same reservoir. This correspondence suggests that foliar uptake of Cs was the principal absorption mechanism for these species. Assessments of: (1) the prevalence of foliar uptake of potassium, rubidium and Cs isotopes by aquatic macrophytes and (2) the possible importance of foliar uptake of Cs in other lentic systems are made from a review of foliar uptake studies and estimation of comparable u and k values from lake studies involving Cs releases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J E Pinder
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29801, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
|
18
|
Angélibert S, Brosse S, Dauba F, Lek S. Changes in roach (Rutilus rutilus L.) population structure induced on draining a large reservoir. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0764-4469(99)80069-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
19
|
Mark W, Wieser W, Hohenauer C. Interactions between developmental processes, growth, and food selection in the larvae and juveniles of Rutilus rutilus (L.) (Cyprinidae). Oecologia 1989; 78:330-337. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00379106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/1988] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|