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Chen Y, Zhang S, Du S, Jiang J, Wang G. Transcriptome and Metabonomic Analysis of Tamarix ramosissima Potassium (K+) Channels and Transporters in Response to NaCl Stress. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13081313. [PMID: 35893048 PMCID: PMC9394374 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Potassium ion (K+) channels and transporters are key components of plant K+ absorption and transportation and play an important role in plant growth and development. This study revealed that K+ channels and transporters are involved in the salt tolerance molecular mechanism and metabolites of the halophyte representative plant Tamarix ramosissima (T. ramosissima) in response to NaCl stress, providing a theoretical basis for the mitigation of salt stress using halophytes. Through transcriptome sequencing and metabolite detection analysis of 0 h, 48 h and 168 h by applying exogenous K+ to the roots of T. ramosissima under NaCl stress, 15 high-quality Clean Data bases were obtained, Q20 reached more than 97%, Q30 reached more than 92%, and GC content reached 44.5%, which is in line with further bioinformatics analysis. Based on the Liquid chromatography−mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis, the roots of T. ramosissima were exposed to exogenous potassium for 48 h and 168 h under NaCl stress, and 1510 and 1124 metabolites were identified in positive and negative ion mode, respectively. Through orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) model analysis, its metabolomic data have excellent predictability and stability. The results of this study showed that there were 37 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) annotated as Class 2 K+ channels (Shaker-like K+ channel and TPK channel) and Class 3 K+ transporters (HAK/KUP/KT, HKT and CPAs transporter families). Among them, 29 DEGs were annotated to the gene ontology (GO) database, and the most genes were involved in the GO Biological Process. In addition, the expression levels of Unigene0014342 in the HAK/KUP/KT transporter and Unigene0088276 and Unigene0103067 in the CPAs transporter both first decreased and then increased when treated with 200 mM NaCl for 48 h and 168 h. However, when treated with 200 mM NaCl + 10 mM KCl for 48 h and 168 h, a continuous upward trend was shown. Notably, the expression level of Unigene0016813 in CPAS transporter continued to increase when treated with 200 mM NaCl and 200 mM NaCl + 10 mM KCl for 48 h and 168 h. 3 DEGs, Unigene0088276, Unigene0016813 and Unigene0103067, were dominated by the positive regulation of their related metabolites, and this correlation was significant. The results showed that these DEGs increased the absorption of K+ and the ratio of K+/Na+ under NaCl stress at 48 h and 168 h after adding exogenous potassium and enhanced the salt tolerance of T. ramosissima. Notably, the expression level of Unigene0103067 in the CPAs transporter was consistently upregulated when 200 mM NaCl + 10 mM KCl was treated for 48 h and 168 h. The positive regulatory metabolites were always dominant, which better helped T. ramosissima resist salt stress. Unigene0103067 plays an important role in enhancing the salt tolerance of T. ramosissima and reducing the toxicity of NaCl in roots. Additionally, phylogenetic tree analysis showed that Unigene0103067 and Reaumuria trigyna had the closest genetic distance in the evolutionary relationship. Finally, 9 DEGs were randomly selected for quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) verification. Their expression trends were completely consistent with the transcriptome sequencing analysis results, proving that this study’s data are accurate and reliable. This study provides resources for revealing the molecular mechanism of NaCl stress tolerance in T. ramosissima and lays a theoretical foundation for cultivating new salt-tolerant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Y.C.); (S.D.)
- Faculty of Science and Department of Forest Resources Management, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
| | - Shiyang Zhang
- Faculty of Science and Department of Forest Resources Management, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
| | - Shanfeng Du
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Y.C.); (S.D.)
| | - Jiang Jiang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Y.C.); (S.D.)
- Correspondence: (J.J.); (G.W.)
| | - Guangyu Wang
- Faculty of Science and Department of Forest Resources Management, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
- Correspondence: (J.J.); (G.W.)
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Yang T, Zhang S, Hu Y, Wu F, Hu Q, Chen G, Cai J, Wu T, Moran N, Yu L, Xu G. The role of a potassium transporter OsHAK5 in potassium acquisition and transport from roots to shoots in rice at low potassium supply levels. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 166:945-59. [PMID: 25157029 PMCID: PMC4213120 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.246520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In plants, K transporter (KT)/high affinity K transporter (HAK)/K uptake permease (KUP) is the largest potassium (K) transporter family; however, few of the members have had their physiological functions characterized in planta. Here, we studied OsHAK5 of the KT/HAK/KUP family in rice (Oryza sativa). We determined its cellular and tissue localization and analyzed its functions in rice using both OsHAK5 knockout mutants and overexpression lines in three genetic backgrounds. A β-glucuronidase reporter driven by the OsHAK5 native promoter indicated OsHAK5 expression in various tissue organs from root to seed, abundantly in root epidermis and stele, the vascular tissues, and mesophyll cells. Net K influx rate in roots and K transport from roots to aerial parts were severely impaired by OsHAK5 knockout but increased by OsHAK5 overexpression in 0.1 and 0.3 mm K external solution. The contribution of OsHAK5 to K mobilization within the rice plant was confirmed further by the change of K concentration in the xylem sap and K distribution in the transgenic lines when K was removed completely from the external solution. Overexpression of OsHAK5 increased the K-sodium concentration ratio in the shoots and salt stress tolerance (shoot growth), while knockout of OsHAK5 decreased the K-sodium concentration ratio in the shoots, resulting in sensitivity to salt stress. Taken together, these results demonstrate that OsHAK5 plays a major role in K acquisition by roots faced with low external K and in K upward transport from roots to shoots in K-deficient rice plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement (T.Y., S.Z., Y.H., F.W., Q.H., G.C., J.C., T.W., L.Y., G.X.) and Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture (T.Y., S.Z., Y.H., F.W., Q.H., G.C., J.C., T.W., L.Y., G.X.), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; andR.H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel (N.M.)
| | - Song Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement (T.Y., S.Z., Y.H., F.W., Q.H., G.C., J.C., T.W., L.Y., G.X.) and Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture (T.Y., S.Z., Y.H., F.W., Q.H., G.C., J.C., T.W., L.Y., G.X.), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; andR.H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel (N.M.)
| | - Yibing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement (T.Y., S.Z., Y.H., F.W., Q.H., G.C., J.C., T.W., L.Y., G.X.) and Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture (T.Y., S.Z., Y.H., F.W., Q.H., G.C., J.C., T.W., L.Y., G.X.), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; andR.H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel (N.M.)
| | - Fachi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement (T.Y., S.Z., Y.H., F.W., Q.H., G.C., J.C., T.W., L.Y., G.X.) and Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture (T.Y., S.Z., Y.H., F.W., Q.H., G.C., J.C., T.W., L.Y., G.X.), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; andR.H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel (N.M.)
| | - Qingdi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement (T.Y., S.Z., Y.H., F.W., Q.H., G.C., J.C., T.W., L.Y., G.X.) and Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture (T.Y., S.Z., Y.H., F.W., Q.H., G.C., J.C., T.W., L.Y., G.X.), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; andR.H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel (N.M.)
| | - Guang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement (T.Y., S.Z., Y.H., F.W., Q.H., G.C., J.C., T.W., L.Y., G.X.) and Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture (T.Y., S.Z., Y.H., F.W., Q.H., G.C., J.C., T.W., L.Y., G.X.), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; andR.H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel (N.M.)
| | - Jing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement (T.Y., S.Z., Y.H., F.W., Q.H., G.C., J.C., T.W., L.Y., G.X.) and Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture (T.Y., S.Z., Y.H., F.W., Q.H., G.C., J.C., T.W., L.Y., G.X.), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; andR.H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel (N.M.)
| | - Ting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement (T.Y., S.Z., Y.H., F.W., Q.H., G.C., J.C., T.W., L.Y., G.X.) and Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture (T.Y., S.Z., Y.H., F.W., Q.H., G.C., J.C., T.W., L.Y., G.X.), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; andR.H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel (N.M.)
| | - Nava Moran
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement (T.Y., S.Z., Y.H., F.W., Q.H., G.C., J.C., T.W., L.Y., G.X.) and Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture (T.Y., S.Z., Y.H., F.W., Q.H., G.C., J.C., T.W., L.Y., G.X.), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; andR.H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel (N.M.)
| | - Ling Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement (T.Y., S.Z., Y.H., F.W., Q.H., G.C., J.C., T.W., L.Y., G.X.) and Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture (T.Y., S.Z., Y.H., F.W., Q.H., G.C., J.C., T.W., L.Y., G.X.), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; andR.H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel (N.M.)
| | - Guohua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement (T.Y., S.Z., Y.H., F.W., Q.H., G.C., J.C., T.W., L.Y., G.X.) and Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture (T.Y., S.Z., Y.H., F.W., Q.H., G.C., J.C., T.W., L.Y., G.X.), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; andR.H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel (N.M.)
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