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Wieczorek D, Żyszka-Haberecht B, Kafka A, Lipok J. Determination of phosphorus compounds in plant tissues: from colourimetry to advanced instrumental analytical chemistry. PLANT METHODS 2022; 18:22. [PMID: 35184722 PMCID: PMC8859883 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-022-00854-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Although the spectrum of effective methods and techniques that allow determination of inorganic or total phosphorus is impressive, more precise analysis of these substances in plant tissues is not a routine or trivial task. The complexity of chemical composition of plant tissues treated as the analytical matrices is thought to be the main cause why there is no one answer, how appropriate phosphorus compounds may be determined qualitatively and quantitatively. Even if more advanced spectrophotometric measurements and classical variants of absorption (FAAS) or emission (ICP-AES/ ICP-OES) spectrometry techniques are used, it is necessary at first to isolate various forms of phosphorus from the matrix, and then to mineralize them prior the determination. Significant progress in such a kind of analytical efforts was brought by implementation of combined methods e.g. ETV-ICP-AES or HR-ETAAS, does allow the isolation of the phosphorus analyte and its detection during a kind of "one step" analytical procedure, directly in plant tissues. Similar benefits, regarding sensitivity of determinations, are obtained when XRF, SIMS or nanoSIMS-more expensive techniques of imaging the presence of phosphorus in biological matrices have been used. Nowadays, obviously being aware of higher limit of detection, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, especially the 31P NMR technique, is thought to be the most universal analytical tool allowing to determine various chemical forms of plant phosphorus qualitatively and quantitatively, at the same time. Although 31P NMR provides valuable information about the phosphorus profile of plants, it should be emphasized that each analytical issue related to the determination of phosphorus compounds in plant tissues and organs, requires an individual approach to defined problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Wieczorek
- Department of Pharmacy and Ecological Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland
| | - Beata Żyszka-Haberecht
- Department of Pharmacy and Ecological Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland
| | - Anna Kafka
- Department of Pharmacy and Ecological Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland
| | - Jacek Lipok
- Department of Pharmacy and Ecological Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland
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Zhu J, Loubéry S, Broger L, Zhang Y, Lorenzo-Orts L, Utz-Pugin A, Fernie AR, Young-Tae C, Hothorn M. A genetically validated approach for detecting inorganic polyphosphates in plants. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 102:507-516. [PMID: 31816134 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic polyphosphates (polyPs) are linear polymers of orthophosphate units linked by phosphoanhydride bonds. Polyphosphates represent important stores of phosphate and energy, and are abundant in many pro- and eukaryotic organisms. In plants, the existence of polyPs has been established using microscopy and biochemical extraction methods that are now known to produce artifacts. Here we use a polyP-specific dye and a polyP-binding domain to detect polyPs in plant and algal cells. To develop the staining protocol, we induced polyP granules in Nicotiana benthamiana and Arabidopsis cells by heterologous expression of Escherichia coli polyphosphate kinase 1 (PPK1). Over-expression of PPK1 but not of a catalytically impaired version of the enzyme leads to severe growth phenotypes, suggesting that ATP-dependent synthesis and accumulation of polyPs in the plant cytosol is toxic. We next crossed stable PPK1-expressing Arabidopsis lines with plants expressing the polyP-binding domain of E. coli exopolyphosphatase (PPX1c), which co-localized with PPK1-generated polyP granules. These granules were stained by the polyP-specific dye JC-D7 and appeared as electron-dense structures in transmission electron microscopy sections. Using the polyP staining protocol derived from these experiments, we screened for polyP stores in different organs and tissues of both mono- and dicotyledonous plants. While we could not detect polyP granules in higher plants, we could visualize the polyP-rich acidocalcisomes in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsheng Zhu
- Structural Plant Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 30 Quai E. Ansermet, Geneva, 1211, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Loubéry
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 30 Quai E. Ansermet, Geneva, 1211, Switzerland
| | - Larissa Broger
- Structural Plant Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 30 Quai E. Ansermet, Geneva, 1211, Switzerland
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
- Center of Plant System Biology and Biotechnology, Ruski Blvd. 139, Plovdiv, 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Laura Lorenzo-Orts
- Structural Plant Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 30 Quai E. Ansermet, Geneva, 1211, Switzerland
| | - Anne Utz-Pugin
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 30 Quai E. Ansermet, Geneva, 1211, Switzerland
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Chang Young-Tae
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity, IBS and Department of Chemistry, POSTECH, 50, Jigok-ro 127beon-gil, Nam-gu, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael Hothorn
- Structural Plant Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 30 Quai E. Ansermet, Geneva, 1211, Switzerland
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Zhu J, Loubéry S, Broger L, Zhang Y, Lorenzo-Orts L, Utz-Pugin A, Fernie AR, Young-Tae C, Hothorn M. A genetically validated approach for detecting inorganic polyphosphates in plants. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 102:507-516. [PMID: 31816134 DOI: 10.1101/630129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic polyphosphates (polyPs) are linear polymers of orthophosphate units linked by phosphoanhydride bonds. Polyphosphates represent important stores of phosphate and energy, and are abundant in many pro- and eukaryotic organisms. In plants, the existence of polyPs has been established using microscopy and biochemical extraction methods that are now known to produce artifacts. Here we use a polyP-specific dye and a polyP-binding domain to detect polyPs in plant and algal cells. To develop the staining protocol, we induced polyP granules in Nicotiana benthamiana and Arabidopsis cells by heterologous expression of Escherichia coli polyphosphate kinase 1 (PPK1). Over-expression of PPK1 but not of a catalytically impaired version of the enzyme leads to severe growth phenotypes, suggesting that ATP-dependent synthesis and accumulation of polyPs in the plant cytosol is toxic. We next crossed stable PPK1-expressing Arabidopsis lines with plants expressing the polyP-binding domain of E. coli exopolyphosphatase (PPX1c), which co-localized with PPK1-generated polyP granules. These granules were stained by the polyP-specific dye JC-D7 and appeared as electron-dense structures in transmission electron microscopy sections. Using the polyP staining protocol derived from these experiments, we screened for polyP stores in different organs and tissues of both mono- and dicotyledonous plants. While we could not detect polyP granules in higher plants, we could visualize the polyP-rich acidocalcisomes in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsheng Zhu
- Structural Plant Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 30 Quai E. Ansermet, Geneva, 1211, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Loubéry
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 30 Quai E. Ansermet, Geneva, 1211, Switzerland
| | - Larissa Broger
- Structural Plant Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 30 Quai E. Ansermet, Geneva, 1211, Switzerland
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
- Center of Plant System Biology and Biotechnology, Ruski Blvd. 139, Plovdiv, 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Laura Lorenzo-Orts
- Structural Plant Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 30 Quai E. Ansermet, Geneva, 1211, Switzerland
| | - Anne Utz-Pugin
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 30 Quai E. Ansermet, Geneva, 1211, Switzerland
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Chang Young-Tae
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity, IBS and Department of Chemistry, POSTECH, 50, Jigok-ro 127beon-gil, Nam-gu, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael Hothorn
- Structural Plant Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 30 Quai E. Ansermet, Geneva, 1211, Switzerland
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Lorenzo‐Orts L, Couto D, Hothorn M. Identity and functions of inorganic and inositol polyphosphates in plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:637-652. [PMID: 31423587 PMCID: PMC6973038 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic polyphosphates (polyPs) and inositol pyrophosphates (PP-InsPs) form important stores of inorganic phosphate and can act as energy metabolites and signaling molecules. Here we review our current understanding of polyP and inositol phosphate (InsP) metabolism and physiology in plants. We outline methods for polyP and InsP detection, discuss the known plant enzymes involved in their synthesis and breakdown, and summarize the potential physiological and signaling functions for these enigmatic molecules in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lorenzo‐Orts
- Structural Plant Biology LaboratoryDepartment of Botany and Plant BiologyUniversity of Geneva30 Quai E. AnsermetGeneva1211Switzerland
| | - Daniel Couto
- Structural Plant Biology LaboratoryDepartment of Botany and Plant BiologyUniversity of Geneva30 Quai E. AnsermetGeneva1211Switzerland
| | - Michael Hothorn
- Structural Plant Biology LaboratoryDepartment of Botany and Plant BiologyUniversity of Geneva30 Quai E. AnsermetGeneva1211Switzerland
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