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Keil L, Mehlmer N, Cavelius P, Garbe D, Haack M, Ritz M, Awad D, Brück T. The Time-Resolved Salt Stress Response of Dunaliella tertiolecta-A Comprehensive System Biology Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15374. [PMID: 37895054 PMCID: PMC10607294 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Algae-driven processes, such as direct CO2 fixation into glycerol, provide new routes for sustainable chemical production in synergy with greenhouse gas mitigation. The marine microalgae Dunaliella tertiolecta is reported to accumulate high amounts of intracellular glycerol upon exposure to high salt concentrations. We have conducted a comprehensive, time-resolved systems biology study to decipher the metabolic response of D. tertiolecta up to 24 h under continuous light conditions. Initially, due to a lack of reference sequences required for MS/MS-based protein identification, a high-quality draft genome of D. tertiolecta was generated. Subsequently, a database was designed by combining the genome with transcriptome data obtained before and after salt stress. This database allowed for detection of differentially expressed proteins and identification of phosphorylated proteins, which are involved in the short- and long-term adaptation to salt stress, respectively. Specifically, in the rapid salt adaptation response, proteins linked to the Ca2+ signaling pathway and ion channel proteins were significantly increased. While phosphorylation is key in maintaining ion homeostasis during the rapid adaptation to salt stress, phosphofructokinase is required for long-term adaption. Lacking β-carotene, synthesis under salt stress conditions might be substituted by the redox-sensitive protein CP12. Furthermore, salt stress induces upregulation of Calvin-Benson cycle-related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Thomas Brück
- Werner Siemens Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany; (L.K.); (N.M.); (P.C.); (D.G.); (M.H.); (M.R.); (D.A.)
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Pérez-Morales A, Martínez-López A, Olivos-Ortíz A, Álvarez-González CA. The N:Chl-a ratio defines the optimal physiological state in marine microalgae. ALGAL RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2023.103077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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3
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Guermazi W, Masmoudi S, Trabelsi NA, Gammoudi S, Ayadi H, Morant-Manceau A, Hotos GN. Physiological and Biochemical Responses in Microalgae Dunaliella salina, Cylindrotheca closterium and Phormidium versicolor NCC466 Exposed to High Salinity and Irradiation. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020313. [PMID: 36836671 PMCID: PMC9961930 DOI: 10.3390/life13020313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Dunaliella salina (Chlorophyceae), Phormidium versicolor (Cyanophyceae), and Cylindrotheca closterium (Bacillariophyceae) were isolated from three ponds in the solar saltern of Sfax (Tunisia). Growth, pigment contents, and photosynthetic and antioxidant enzyme activities were measured under controlled conditions of three light levels (300, 500, and 1000 µmol photons m-2 s-1) and three NaCl concentrations (40, 80, and 140 g L-1). The highest salinity reduced the growth of D. salina and P. versicolor NCC466 and strongly inhibited that of C. closterium. According to ΦPSII values, the photosynthetic apparatus of P. versicolor was stimulated by increasing salinity, whereas that of D. salina and C. closterium was decreased by irradiance rise. The production of carotenoids in D. salina and P. versicolor was stimulated when salinity and irradiance increased, whereas it decreased in the diatom. Catalase (CAT), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), and Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities were only detected when the three species were cultivated under E1000. The antioxidant activity of carotenoids could compensate for the low antioxidant enzyme activity measured in D. salina. Salinity and irradiation levels interact with the physiology of three species that have mechanisms of more or less effective stress resistance, hence different resistance to environmental stresses according to the species. Under these stress-controlled conditions, P. versicolor and C. closterium strains could provide promising sources of extremolyte for several purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wassim Guermazi
- Laboratory of Marine Biodiversity and Environment (LR18ES/30), University of Sfax, Sfax CP 3000, Tunisia
| | - Salma Masmoudi
- Laboratory of Marine Biodiversity and Environment (LR18ES/30), University of Sfax, Sfax CP 3000, Tunisia
- LUNAM, Laboratoire Mer, Molécules, Santé (EA 2160), Université du Maine, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, CEDEX 9, 72085 Le Mans, France
| | - Neila Annabi Trabelsi
- Laboratory of Marine Biodiversity and Environment (LR18ES/30), University of Sfax, Sfax CP 3000, Tunisia
| | - Sana Gammoudi
- Laboratory of Marine Biodiversity and Environment (LR18ES/30), University of Sfax, Sfax CP 3000, Tunisia
| | - Habib Ayadi
- Laboratory of Marine Biodiversity and Environment (LR18ES/30), University of Sfax, Sfax CP 3000, Tunisia
| | - Annick Morant-Manceau
- LUNAM, Laboratoire Mer, Molécules, Santé (EA 2160), Université du Maine, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, CEDEX 9, 72085 Le Mans, France
| | - George N. Hotos
- Plankton Culture Laboratory, Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Patras, 30200 Messolonghi, Greece
- Correspondence:
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Nikitashina V, Stettin D, Pohnert G. Metabolic adaptation of diatoms to hypersalinity. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 201:113267. [PMID: 35671808 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are important primary producers and form the basis for the marine food web. As global climate changes, so do salinity levels that algae are exposed to. A metabolic response of algal cells partly alleviates the resulting osmotic stress. Some metabolites involved in the response are well studied, but the full metabolic implications of adaptation remain unclear. Improved analytical methodology provides an opportunity for additional insight. We can now follow responses to stress in major parts of the metabolome and derive comprehensive charts of the resulting metabolic re-wiring. In this study, we subjected three species of diatoms to high salinity conditions and compared their metabolome to controls in an untargeted manner. The three well-investigated species with sequenced genomes Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Thalassiosira pseudonana, and Skeletonema marinoi were selected for our survey. The microalgae react to salinity stress with common adaptations in the metabolome by amino acid up-regulation, production of saccharides, and inositols. But also species-specific dysregulation of metabolites is common. Several metabolites previously not connected with osmotic stress reactions are identified, including 4-hydroxyproline, pipecolinic acid, myo-inositol, threonic acid, and acylcarnitines. This expands our knowledge about osmoadaptation and calls for further functional characterization of metabolites and pathways in algal stress physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Nikitashina
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Bioorganic Analytics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Daniel Stettin
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Bioorganic Analytics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Georg Pohnert
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Bioorganic Analytics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany.
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Kronusová O, Kaštánek P, Koyun G, Kaštánek F, Brányik T. Factors Influencing the Production of Extracellular Polysaccharides by the Green Algae Dictyosphaerium chlorelloides and Their Isolation, Purification, and Composition. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071473. [PMID: 35889192 PMCID: PMC9316870 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The freshwater green microalgae, Dictyosphaerium chlorelloides (CCALA 330), has the ability to produce extracellular polysaccharides (EPS). Conditions for optimum growth and EPS overproduction were determined in laboratory-scale tubular photobioreactors (PBR) with a working volume of 300 mL. Multiple limitations in nutrient supply were proven to be an effective method for EPS overproduction. Salinity stress was also applied to the culture, but no significant increase in EPS production was observed. The effects of different nitrogen sources were examined and the microalgae exhibited the fastest growth and EPS production in medium containing ammonium nitrate. Under determined optimal conditions, EPS concentration reached 10 g/L (71% of the total biomass) and a total biomass of 14 g/L at the end of 17 days cultivation. Pilot-scale cultivation was also carried out in a column type airlift photobioreactor (PBR) with a working volume of 60 L. A new and efficient methodology was developed for separating cells from the EPS-containing culture broth. Due to the strong attachment between cells and EPS, high-pressure homogenization was carried out before a centrifugation process. The EPS in the supernatant was subsequently purified using ultrafiltration. The green microalgae Dictyosphaerium chlorelloides may therefore be appropriate for the commercial production of EPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kronusová
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.K.); (G.K.); (T.B.)
- EcoFuel Laboratories s.r.o., Ocelářská 9, 190 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-702850737
| | - Petr Kaštánek
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.K.); (G.K.); (T.B.)
- EcoFuel Laboratories s.r.o., Ocelářská 9, 190 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Görkem Koyun
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.K.); (G.K.); (T.B.)
| | - František Kaštánek
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, Rozvojova 2/135, 165 02 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Tomáš Brányik
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.K.); (G.K.); (T.B.)
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Kanna SD, Domonkos I, Kóbori TO, Dergez Á, Böde K, Nagyapáti S, Zsiros O, Ünnep R, Nagy G, Garab G, Szilák L, Solymosi K, Kovács L, Ughy B. Salt Stress Induces Paramylon Accumulation and Fine-Tuning of the Macro-Organization of Thylakoid Membranes in Euglena gracilis Cells. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:725699. [PMID: 34868111 PMCID: PMC8636990 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.725699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The effects of salt stress condition on the growth, morphology, photosynthetic performance, and paramylon content were examined in the mixotrophic, unicellular, flagellate Euglena gracilis. We found that salt stress negatively influenced cell growth, accompanied by a decrease in chlorophyll (Chl) content. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy revealed the changes in the macro-organization of pigment-protein complexes due to salt treatment, while the small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) investigations suggested a reduction in the thylakoid stacking, an effect confirmed by the transmission electron microscopy (TEM). At the same time, the analysis of the thylakoid membrane complexes using native-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) revealed no significant change in the composition of supercomplexes of the photosynthetic apparatus. Salt stress did not substantially affect the photosynthetic activity, as reflected by the fact that Chl fluorescence yield, electron transport rate (ETR), and energy transfer between the photosystems did not change considerably in the salt-grown cells. We have observed notable increases in the carotenoid-to-Chl ratio and the accumulation of paramylon in the salt-treated cells. We propose that the accumulation of storage polysaccharides and changes in the pigment composition and thylakoid membrane organization help the adaptation of E. gracilis cells to salt stress and contribute to the maintenance of cellular processes under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Divya Kanna
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Domonkos
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tímea Ottília Kóbori
- Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Division for Biotechnology, Bay Zoltán Nonprofit Ltd. for Applied Research, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Dergez
- Division for Biotechnology, Bay Zoltán Nonprofit Ltd. for Applied Research, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Kinga Böde
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Sarolta Nagyapáti
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ottó Zsiros
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Renáta Ünnep
- Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely Nagy
- Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
- European Spallation Source ESS ERIC, Lund, Sweden
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI, Villigen, Switzerland
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Gyözö Garab
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
| | | | - Katalin Solymosi
- Department of Plant Anatomy, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Kovács
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bettina Ughy
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
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7
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Karthikaichamy A, Beardall J, Coppel R, Noronha S, Bulach D, Schittenhelm RB, Srivastava S. Data-Independent-Acquisition-Based Proteomic Approach towards Understanding the Acclimation Strategy of Oleaginous Microalga Microchloropsis gaditana CCMP526 in Hypersaline Conditions. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:22151-22164. [PMID: 34497906 PMCID: PMC8412934 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is one of the significant factors that affect growth and cellular metabolism, including photosynthesis and lipid accumulation, in microalgae and higher plants. Microchloropsis gaditana CCMP526 can acclimatize to different salinity levels by accumulating compatible solutes, carbohydrates, and lipids as energy storage molecules. We used proteomics to understand the molecular basis for acclimation of M. gaditana to increased salinity levels [55 and 100 PSU (practical salinity unit)]. Correspondence analysis was used for the identification of salinity-responsive proteins (SRPs). The highest number of salinity-induced proteins was observed in 100 PSU. Gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed a separate path of acclimation for cells exposed to 55 and 100 PSU. Osmolyte and lipid biosynthesis were upregulated in hypersaline conditions. Concomitantly, lipid oxidation pathways were also upregulated in hypersaline conditions, providing acetyl-CoA for energy metabolism through the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Carbon fixation and photosynthesis were tightly regulated, while chlorophyll biosynthesis was affected in hypersaline conditions. Importantly, temporal proteome analysis of salinity-induced M. gaditana revealed vital SRPs which could be used for engineering salinity resilient microalgal strains for improved productivity in hypersaline culture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anbarasu Karthikaichamy
- IITB-Monash
Research Academy, Mumbai 400076, India
- Department
of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 Victoria, Australia
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - John Beardall
- School
of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 Victoria, Australia
| | - Ross Coppel
- Department
of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 Victoria, Australia
| | - Santosh Noronha
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Dieter Bulach
- Medicine,
Dentistry and Health Sciences, University
of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Ralf B. Schittenhelm
- Monash Proteomics
& Metabolomics Facility, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 Victoria, Australia
| | - Sanjeeva Srivastava
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
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Jangir MM, Chowdhury S, Bhagavatula V. Differential response of photosynthetic apparatus towards alkaline pH treatment in NIES-39 and PCC 7345 strains of Arthrospira platensis. Int Microbiol 2021; 24:219-231. [PMID: 33438119 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-021-00160-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Alkaline stress is one of the severe abiotic stresses, which is not well studied so far, especially among cyanobacteria. To affirm the characteristics of alkaline stress and the subsequent adaptive responses in Arthrospira platensis NIES-39 and Arthrospira platensis PCC 7345, photosynthetic pigments, spectral properties of thylakoids, PSII and PSI activities, and pigment-protein profiles of thylakoids under different pH regimes were examined. The accessory pigments showed a pH-mediated sensitivity. The pigment-protein complexes of thylakoids are also affected, resulting in the altered fluorescence emission profile. At pH 11, a possible shift of the PBsome antenna complex from PSII to PSI is observed. PSII reaction center is found to be more susceptible to alkaline stress in comparison to the PSI. In Arthrospira platensis NIES-39 at pH 11, a drop of 68% in the oxygen evolution with a significant increase of PSI activity by 114% is recorded within 24 h of pH treatment. Alterations in the cellular ultrastructure of Arthrospira platensis NIES-39 at pH 11 were observed, along with the increased number of plastoglobules attached with the thylakoid membranes. Arthrospira platensis NIES-39 is more adaptable to pH variation than Arthrospira platensis PCC 7345.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Mahesh Jangir
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Shibasish Chowdhury
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India.
| | - Vani Bhagavatula
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India.
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Chen T, Wang W, Xu K, Xu Y, Ji D, Chen C, Xie C. K+ and Na+ transport contribute to K+/Na+ homeostasis in Pyropia haitanensis under hypersaline stress. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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10
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Karthikaichamy A, Deore P, Srivastava S, Coppel R, Bulach D, Beardall J, Noronha S. Temporal acclimation of Microchloropsis gaditana CCMP526 in response to hypersalinity. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 254:23-30. [PMID: 29413927 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Evaporation from culture ponds and raceways can subject algae to hypersalinity stress, and this is exacerbated by global warming. We investigated the effect of salinity on a marine microalga, Microchloropsis gaditana, which is of industrial significance because of its high lipid-accumulating capability. Both short-term (hours) and medium-term (days) effects of salinity were studied across various salinities (37.5, 55, 70 and 100 PSU). Salinity above 55 PSU suppressed cell growth and specific growth rate was significantly reduced at 100 PSU. Photosynthesis (Fv/Fm, rETRmax and Ik) was severely affected at high salinity conditions. Total carbohydrate per cell increased ∼1.7-fold after 24 h, which is consistent with previous findings that salinity induces osmolyte production to counter osmotic shock. In addition, accumulation of lipid increased by ∼4.6-fold in response to salinity. Our findings indicate a possible mechanism of acclimation to salinity, opening up new frontiers for osmolytes in pharmacological and cosmetics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pranali Deore
- IITB-Monash Research Academy, IIT Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Sanjeeva Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Ross Coppel
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dieter Bulach
- Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - John Beardall
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Santosh Noronha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India.
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Patzelt DJ, Hindersin S, Kerner M, Hanelt D. Responses of photosystems I and II of Acutodesmus obliquus to chemical stress caused by the use of recycled nutrients. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 100:361-70. [PMID: 26433968 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7008-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Nutrients derived from hydrothermal gasification of Acutodesmus obliquus were tested on its biological compatibility to support growth of the same microalgae. Photosynthetic parameters of photosystems I and II (PS I and PS II) were investigated to study physiological effects on the microalgal cell. The nutrients were collected as liquid residues. Dilutions of 1:500 showed no effect on both photosystems. Lower dilutions affected PS II initially and later also PS I. Cyclic electron flow around PS I compensated for loss of electrons due to partially inhibited PS II. The highest tested concentration of liquid residue erased any photosynthetic activity of PS II after 28 min and onwards. In contrast, PS I remained active. The results suggest that PS I is less susceptible than PS II and that the mixture of chemicals in the liquid residue did not directly affect PS I but PS II. The toxicants in the residues seemed to interfere with linear electron flow of PS II even though light-driven formation of radicals and subsequent damage to one of the photosystems can be excluded as demonstrated in darkness. Lowered photosynthetic activity of PS I during actinic irradiation was caused due to lack of supply of electrons from PS II. The cyclic electron flow might play a key role in delivering the energy needed to restore PS II activity and to biodegrade the toxicants when linear electron flow failed. These negative effects of liquid residue towards microalgal cells require a remediation step for direct application of the liquid residue to substitute commercial fertilizers in microalgal mass cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik J Patzelt
- Aquatic Ecophysiology and Phycology, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststraße 18, 22609, Hamburg, Germany. .,Strategic Science Consult SSC Ltd., Beim Alten Gaswerk 5, 22761, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Stefan Hindersin
- Strategic Science Consult SSC Ltd., Beim Alten Gaswerk 5, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Kerner
- Strategic Science Consult SSC Ltd., Beim Alten Gaswerk 5, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dieter Hanelt
- Aquatic Ecophysiology and Phycology, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststraße 18, 22609, Hamburg, Germany
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Yao CH, Ai JN, Cao XP, Xue S. Salinity manipulation as an effective method for enhanced starch production in the marine microalga Tetraselmis subcordiformis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 146:663-671. [PMID: 23982063 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.07.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Microalgal starch is considered a promising feedstock for bioethanol production. The biomass and starch accumulation in the marine microalga Tetraselmis subcordiformis were characterized under different salinities in response to nitrogen repletion (+N) or depletion (-N) at high irradiance (HI) or low irradiance (LI). Under favorable nutritional conditions (HI+N), biomass accumulation was seldom affected under 20% normal salinity, though starch accumulation were somewhat reduced. Increased salinity impaired overall biomass and starch accumulation, though it led to a temporary starch accumulation at initial cultivation phase. Under nitrogen deprivation, decreased salinity strengthened biomass and starch accumulation regardless of irradiance. The highest starch content of 58.2% dry weight and starch productivity of 0.62 g L(-1) d(-1) were obtained under HI-N with 20% normal salinity. Decreased salinity combined with -N generated moderate stress to facilitate starch accumulation. Salinity manipulation can be effectively applied for enhanced starch production in marine microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hong Yao
- Marine Bioproducts Engineering Group, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Jiang-Ning Ai
- Marine Bioproducts Engineering Group, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xu-Peng Cao
- Marine Bioproducts Engineering Group, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Song Xue
- Marine Bioproducts Engineering Group, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
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13
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Neelam S, Subramanyam R. Alteration of photochemistry and protein degradation of photosystem II from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii under high salt grown cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2013; 124:63-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 04/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Ihnken S, Kromkamp JC, Beardall J. Photoacclimation in Dunaliella tertiolecta reveals a unique NPQ pattern upon exposure to irradiance. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2011; 110:123-137. [PMID: 22101577 PMCID: PMC3224225 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-011-9709-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2010] [Accepted: 11/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Highly time-resolved photoacclimation patterns of the chlorophyte microalga Dunaliella tertiolecta during exposure to an off-on-off (block) light pattern of saturating photon flux, and to a regime of consecutive increasing light intensities are presented. Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) mechanisms unexpectedly responded with an initial decrease during dark-light transitions. NPQ values started to rise after light exposure of approximately 4 min. State-transitions, measured as a change of PSII:PSI fluorescence emission at 77 K, did not contribute to early NPQ oscillations. Addition of the uncoupler CCCP, however, caused a rapid increase in fluorescence and showed the significance of qE for NPQ. Partitioning of the quantum efficiencies showed that constitutive NPQ was (a) higher than qE-driven NPQ and (b) responded to light treatment within seconds, suggesting an active role of constitutive NPQ in variable energy dissipation, although it is thought to contribute statically to NPQ. The PSII connectivity parameter p correlated well with F', F(m)' and NPQ during the early phase of the dark-light transients in sub-saturating light, suggesting a plastic energy distribution pattern within energetically connected PSII centres. In consecutive increasing photon flux experiments, correlations were weaker during the second light increment. Changes in connectivity can present an early photoresponse that are reflected in fluorescence signals and NPQ and might be responsive to the short-term acclimation state, and/or to the actinic photon flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Ihnken
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
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15
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Subramanyam R, Jolley C, Thangaraj B, Nellaepalli S, Webber AN, Fromme P. Structural and functional changes of PSI-LHCI supercomplexes of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells grown under high salt conditions. PLANTA 2010; 231:913-922. [PMID: 20183922 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-009-1097-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The eVect of high salt concentration (100 mM NaCl) on the organization of photosystem I-light harvesting complex I supercomplexes (PSI-LHCI) of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was studied. The electron transfer activity was reduced by 39% in isolated PSI-LHCI supercomplexes. The visible circular dichroism (CD) spectra associated with strongly coupled chlorophyll (Chl) dimers were reduced in intensity, indicating that pigment-pigment interactions were disrupted. This data is consistent with results from Xuorescence streak camera spectroscopy, which suggest that red-shifted pigments in the PSI-LHCI antenna had been lost. Denaturing gel electrophoresis and immunoblot analysis reveals that levels of the PSI reaction center proteins PsaD, PsaE and PsaF were reduced due to salt stress. PsaE is almost completely absent under high salt conditions. It is known that the membrane-extrinsic subunits PsaD and E form the ferredoxin-docking site. Our results indicate that the PSI-LHCI supercomplex is damaged by reactive oxygen species at high salt concentration, with particular impact on the ferredoxin-docking site and the PSILHCI interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajagopal Subramanyam
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India.
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16
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Gong H, Tang Y, Wang J, Wen X, Zhang L, Lu C. Characterization of photosystem II in salt-stressed cyanobacterial Spirulina platensis cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2008; 1777:488-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2008.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2007] [Revised: 03/04/2008] [Accepted: 03/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Kreslavski VD, Carpentier R, Klimov VV, Murata N, Allakhverdiev SI. Molecular mechanisms of stress resistance of the photosynthetic apparatus. BIOCHEMISTRY MOSCOW SUPPLEMENT SERIES A-MEMBRANE AND CELL BIOLOGY 2007. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990747807030014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Liu XD, Hu FH, Shen YG. Transient decrease of light-harvesting complex II phosphorylation level by hypoosmotic shock in dark-adapted Dunaliella salina. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2006; 38:104-9. [PMID: 16474901 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7270.2006.00139.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the regulation of major light harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein (LHCII) phosphorylation by hypoosmotic shock in dark-adapted Dunaliella salina cells. When the external NaCl concentration decreased in darkness, D. salina LHCII phosphorylation levels transiently dropped within 20 min and then restored gradually to basal levels. The transient decrease in LHCII phosphorylation levels was insensitive to NaF, a phosphatase inhibitor. Inhibition of intracellular ATP production by addition of an uncoupler or an ATP synthase inhibitor increased LHCII phosphorylation levels in D. salina cells exposed to hypoosmotic shock. Taken together, these results indicate that hypoosmotic shock inhibits the LHCII phosphorylation process. The related mechanism and physiological significance are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-De Liu
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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19
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Liu XD, Shen YG. NaCl-induced phosphorylation of light harvesting chlorophyll a/b proteins in thylakoid membranes from the halotolerant green alga, Dunaliella salina. FEBS Lett 2004; 569:337-40. [PMID: 15225658 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2004.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2004] [Revised: 05/21/2004] [Accepted: 05/25/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Light could induce phosphorylation of light harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding proteins (LHCII) in Dunaliella salina and spinach thylakoid membranes. We found that neither phosphorylation was affected by glycerol, whereas treatment with NaCl significantly enhanced light-induced LHCII phosphorylation in D. salina thylakoid membranes and inhibited that in spinach. Furthermore, even in the absence of light, NaCl and several other salts induced LHCII phosphorylation in D. salina thylakoid membranes, but not in spinach thylakoid membranes. In addition, hypertonic shock induced LHCII phosphorylation in intact D. salina under dark conditions and cells adapted to different NaCl concentrations exhibited similar LHCII phosphorylation levels. Taken together, these results show for the first time that while LHCII phosphorylation of D. salina thylakoid membranes resembles that of spinach thylakoid membranes in terms of light-mediated control, the two differ with respect to NaCl sensitivity under light and dark conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-De Liu
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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Lu C, Vonshak A. Effects of salinity stress on photosystem II function in cyanobacterial Spirulina platensis cells. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2002; 114:405-413. [PMID: 12060263 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-3054.2002.1140310.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The changes in PSII photochemistry in Spirulina platensis cells exposed to salinity stress (0-0.8 M NaCl) for 12 h were studied. Salinity stress induced a decrease in oxygen evolution activity, which correlated with the decrease in the quantum yield of PSII electron transport (PhiPSII). Phycocyanin content decreased significantly while chlorophyll content remained unchanged in salt-stressed cells. Salinity stress induced an increase in non-photochemical quenching (qN) and a decrease in photochemical quenching (qP). Analyses of the polyphasic fluorescence transients (OJIP) showed that with the increase in salt concentration, the fluorescence yield at the phases J, I and P declined sharply and the transient almost levelled off at salt concentration of 0.8 M NaCl. The effects of DCMU on the polyphasic rise of fluorescence transients decreased significantly. Salinity stress resulted in a decrease in the efficiency of electron transfer from QA- to QB. The slope at the origin of the relative variable fluorescence curves (dV/dto) and the relative variable fluorescence at phase J (VJ) increased in the absence of DCMU, but decreased in the presence of DCMU. The shape of the relative variable fluorescence transients in salt-stressed cells was comparable to that of the control cells incubated with DCMU. The results in this study suggest that salt stress inhibited the electron transport at both donor and acceptor sides of PSII, resulted in damage to phycobilisome and shifted the distribution of excitation energy in favour of PSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congming Lu
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, the Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boker Campus, 84990, Israel
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21
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Lu C, Zhang J. Role of light in the response of PSII photochemistry to salt stress in the cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2000. [PMID: 10948217 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/51.346.911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The role of light in the effect of salt stress on PSII photochemistry in the cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis grown at 50 micromol m(-2) s(-1) was investigated. The time-course of changes in PSII photochemistry in response to high salinity (0.8 M NaCl) incubated in the dark and at 30, 50 and 100 micromol m(-2) s(-1) was composed of two phases. The first phase, which was independent of light, was characterized by a rapid decrease (20-50%) in the maximal efficiency of PSII photochemistry (F:(v)/F:(m)), the efficiency of excitation energy capture by open PSII reaction centres (F(1)(v)/F(1)(m)), photochemical quenching (q(P)), and the quantum yield of PSII electron transport (Phi(PSII)) in the first 15 min, followed by a recovery of up to about 86-92% of their initial levels after 4 h of incubation. The second phase took place after 4 h, in which a further decline in the above parameters occurred only in the light but not in the dark, reaching levels as low as 32-56% of their initial levels after 12 h. Moreover, the higher incubation light intensity, the greater the decrease in the above parameters. At the same time, Q(B)-non-reducing PSII reaction centres increased significantly in the first 15 min and then recovered to the initial level during the first phase, but increased again in the light in the second phase. Photosynthetic oxygen evolution activity decreased sharply by 70% in the first 5 min, and then kept largely constant until 12 h. The changes in oxygen evolution activity were independent of light intensity during both phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lu
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
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Hagen C, Braune W, Birckner E, Nuske J. Functional aspects of secondary carotenoids in Haematococcus lacustris (Girod) Rostafinski (Volvocales): I. The accumulation period as an active metabolic process. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 1993; 125:625-633. [PMID: 33874597 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1993.tb03912.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Alterations of photosynthetic activity were investigated during accumulation of secondary carotenoids in Haematococcus lacustris (Girod) Rostafinski. Using several methods regarding (i) pigment pattern and pigment content (cytophotometry, computer-aided microscopic image analysis, in vivo absorption spectroscopy, high-performance liquid chromatrography) and (ii) photosynthesis (microfluorometry, modulated chlorophyll fluorescence and luminescence detection, O2 evolution and consumption measurement, 77 K fluorescence spectroscopy) we examined single cells and cell suspensions of the green alga. The results indicate decrease of both the photosystem II activity and the linear electron transport accompanying synthesis of secondary carotenoids. On the other hand, activation of those processes leading to an increased transthylakoid proton gradient could be established during early accumulation period. This is assumed to be an active adaptation of the photosynthetic apparatus to energetic requirements given by secondary carotenoid biosynthesis in H. lacustris.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hagen
- Institute of General Botany, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, von Hase-Weg 3, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - W Braune
- Institute of General Botany, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, von Hase-Weg 3, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - E Birckner
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Steiger 3, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - J Nuske
- Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 12, D-07743 Jena, Germany
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Canaani O. THE ROLE OF CYCLIC ELECTRON FLOW AROUND PHOTOSYSTEM I and EXCITATION ENERGY DISTRIBUTION BETWEEN THE PHOTOSYSTEMS UPON ACCLIMATION TO HIGH IONIC STRESS IN Dunaliella salina. Photochem Photobiol 1990. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1990.tb01804.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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