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Astorga-Eló M, Zhang Q, Larama G, Stoll A, Sadowsky MJ, Jorquera MA. Composition, Predicted Functions and Co-occurrence Networks of Rhizobacterial Communities Impacting Flowering Desert Events in the Atacama Desert, Chile. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:571. [PMID: 32322245 PMCID: PMC7156552 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Flowering desert (FD) events consist of the rapid flowering of a wide variety of native plants in the Atacama Desert of Chile, which is categorized as the driest desert in the world. While ephemeral plants are an integral part of the desert ecosystem, there is little knowledge on plant-microbe interactions that occur during FD events. Consequently, the overall goals of this present study were to investigate changes in the composition and potential functions of rhizobacterial community of Cistanthe longiscapa (Montiaceae) during the 2014 and 2015 FD events and determine the composition, potential functions, and co-occurrence networks of rhizobacterial community associated with the root zone of C. longiscapa during pre- (PF) and full-flowering (FF) phenological stages. Results of this study showed that the Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were the dominant taxa in rhizosphere soils during the three FD events (2014, 2015, and 2017) examined. In general, greater microbial richness and diversity were observed in rhizosphere soils during the 2015-, compared with the 2014-FD event. Similarly, predicted functional analyses indicated that a larger number of sequences were assigned to information processing (e.g., ion channel, transporters and ribosome) and metabolism (e.g., lipids, nitrogen, and sulfur) during 2015 compared with 2014. Despite the lack of significant differences in diversity among PF and FF stages, the combined analysis of rhizobacterial community data, along with data concerning rhizosphere soil properties, evidenced differences among both phenological stages and suggested that sodium is a relevant abiotic factor shaping the rhizosphere. In general, no significant differences in predicted functions (most of them assigned to chemoheterotrophy, magnesium metabolisms, and fermentation) were observed among PF and FF. Co-occurrence analysis revealed the complex rhizobacterial interactions that occur in C. longiscapa during FD, highlighting to Kouleothrixaceae family as keystone taxa. Taken together this study shows that the composition and function of rhizobacteria vary among and during FD events, where some bacterial groups and their activity may influence the growth and flowering of native plants, and therefore, the ecology and trophic webs in Atacama Desert.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Astorga-Eló
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana Aplicada (EMALAB), Departamento de Ciencias Química y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Qian Zhang
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Giovanni Larama
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana Aplicada (EMALAB), Departamento de Ciencias Química y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Alexandra Stoll
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), La Serena, Chile
| | - Michael J Sadowsky
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States.,Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States.,Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Milko A Jorquera
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana Aplicada (EMALAB), Departamento de Ciencias Química y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,The Network for Extreme Environment Research (NEXER), Scientific and Biotechnological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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Astorga-Eló M, Zhang Q, Larama G, Stoll A, Sadowsky MJ, Jorquera MA. Composition, Predicted Functions and Co-occurrence Networks of Rhizobacterial Communities Impacting Flowering Desert Events in the Atacama Desert, Chile. Front Microbiol 2020. [PMID: 32322245 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00571/bibtex] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Flowering desert (FD) events consist of the rapid flowering of a wide variety of native plants in the Atacama Desert of Chile, which is categorized as the driest desert in the world. While ephemeral plants are an integral part of the desert ecosystem, there is little knowledge on plant-microbe interactions that occur during FD events. Consequently, the overall goals of this present study were to investigate changes in the composition and potential functions of rhizobacterial community of Cistanthe longiscapa (Montiaceae) during the 2014 and 2015 FD events and determine the composition, potential functions, and co-occurrence networks of rhizobacterial community associated with the root zone of C. longiscapa during pre- (PF) and full-flowering (FF) phenological stages. Results of this study showed that the Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were the dominant taxa in rhizosphere soils during the three FD events (2014, 2015, and 2017) examined. In general, greater microbial richness and diversity were observed in rhizosphere soils during the 2015-, compared with the 2014-FD event. Similarly, predicted functional analyses indicated that a larger number of sequences were assigned to information processing (e.g., ion channel, transporters and ribosome) and metabolism (e.g., lipids, nitrogen, and sulfur) during 2015 compared with 2014. Despite the lack of significant differences in diversity among PF and FF stages, the combined analysis of rhizobacterial community data, along with data concerning rhizosphere soil properties, evidenced differences among both phenological stages and suggested that sodium is a relevant abiotic factor shaping the rhizosphere. In general, no significant differences in predicted functions (most of them assigned to chemoheterotrophy, magnesium metabolisms, and fermentation) were observed among PF and FF. Co-occurrence analysis revealed the complex rhizobacterial interactions that occur in C. longiscapa during FD, highlighting to Kouleothrixaceae family as keystone taxa. Taken together this study shows that the composition and function of rhizobacteria vary among and during FD events, where some bacterial groups and their activity may influence the growth and flowering of native plants, and therefore, the ecology and trophic webs in Atacama Desert.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Astorga-Eló
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana Aplicada (EMALAB), Departamento de Ciencias Química y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Qian Zhang
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Giovanni Larama
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana Aplicada (EMALAB), Departamento de Ciencias Química y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Alexandra Stoll
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), La Serena, Chile
| | - Michael J Sadowsky
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Milko A Jorquera
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana Aplicada (EMALAB), Departamento de Ciencias Química y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- The Network for Extreme Environment Research (NEXER), Scientific and Biotechnological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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Blankenship RE. Origin and early evolution of photosynthesis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 1992; 33:91-111. [PMID: 11538390 DOI: 10.1007/bf00039173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/1991] [Accepted: 03/12/1992] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis was well-established on the earth at least 3.5 thousand million years ago, and it is widely believed that these ancient organisms had similar metabolic capabilities to modern cyanobacteria. This requires that development of two photosystems and the oxygen evolution capability occurred very early in the earth's history, and that a presumed phase of evolution involving non-oxygen evolving photosynthetic organisms took place even earlier. The evolutionary relationships of the reaction center complexes found in all the classes of currently existing organisms have been analyzed using sequence analysis and biophysical measurements. The results indicate that all reaction centers fall into two basic groups, those with pheophytin and a pair of quinones as early acceptors, and those with iron sulfur clusters as early acceptors. No simple linear branching evolutionary scheme can account for the distribution patterns of reaction centers in existing photosynthetic organisms, and lateral transfer of genetic information is considered as a likely possibility. Possible scenarios for the development of primitive reaction centers into the heterodimeric protein structures found in existing reaction centers and for the development of organisms with two linked photosystems are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Blankenship
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe 85287-1604, USA
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