1
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Roest
- Research Institute Ital; P.O. Box 48 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - L. J. W. Gilissen
- Research Institute Ital; P.O. Box 48 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands
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2
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Rodríguez-Serrano M, Bárány I, Prem D, Coronado MJ, Risueño MC, Testillano PS. NO, ROS, and cell death associated with caspase-like activity increase in stress-induced microspore embryogenesis of barley. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2012; 63:2007-24. [PMID: 22197894 PMCID: PMC3295391 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Revised: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Under specific stress treatments (cold, starvation), in vitro microspores can be induced to deviate from their gametophytic development and switch to embryogenesis, forming haploid embryos and homozygous breeding lines in a short period of time. The inductive stress produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO), signalling molecules mediating cellular responses, and cell death, modifying the embryogenic microspore response and therefore, the efficiency of the process. This work analysed cell death, caspase 3-like activity, and ROS and NO production (using fluorescence probes and confocal analysis) after inductive stress in barley microspore cultures and embryogenic suspension cultures, as an in vitro system which permitted easy handling for comparison. There was an increase in caspase 3-like activity and cell death after stress treatment in microspore and suspension cultures, while ROS increased in non-induced microspores and suspension cultures. Treatments of the cultures with a caspase 3 inhibitor, DEVD-CHO, significantly reduced the cell death percentages. Stress-treated embryogenic suspension cultures exhibited high NO signals and cell death, while treatment with S-nitrosoglutathione (NO donor) in control suspension cultures resulted in even higher cell death. In contrast, in microspore cultures, NO production was detected after stress, and, in the case of 4-day microspore cultures, in embryogenic microspores accompanying the initiation of cell divisions. Subsequent treatments of stress-treated microspore cultures with ROS and NO scavengers resulted in a decreasing cell death during the early stages, but later they produced a delay in embryo development as well as a decrease in the percentage of embryogenesis in microspores. Results showed that the ROS increase was involved in the stress-induced programmed cell death occurring at early stages in both non-induced microspores and embryogenic suspension cultures; whereas NO played a dual role after stress in the two in vitro systems, one involved in programmed cell death in embryogenic suspension cultures and the other in the initiation of cell division leading to embryogenesis in reprogrammed microspores.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Pilar S. Testillano
- Plant Development and Nuclear Architecture, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CIB-CSIC. Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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3
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Mannonen L, Kauppinen V, Enari TM. Recent Developments in the Genetic Engineering of Barley. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/07388559409063642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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4
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Tariq M, Ali G, Hadi F, Ahmad S, Ali N, Shah AA. Callus induction and in vitro plant regeneration of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under various conditions. Pak J Biol Sci 2008; 11:255-9. [PMID: 18817199 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2008.255.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to develop an effective protocol for optimum callus induction and complete plant regeneration for four varieties of rice (Oryza sativa L.) i.e., Super Basmati, Basmati-370, Basmati-371 and Fakhre Malakand. Calli were induced from mature seed scutelum. The Murashige and Skoog (MS) and Chu's N6 media containing hormone 2, 4-D (2, 4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid) in different concentrations were used for callus induction. Fakhre Malakand produced maximum calli on N6 media containing 3 mg L(-1) 2,4-D. while other three varieties showed maximum callus induction on N6 media containing 2.5 mg L(-1) 2,4-D. N6 media was found better than MS media for callus induction. For complete plant regeneration the calli of two varieties i.e., Basmati-370 and Basmati-371 were plated on N6 media containing different concentrations of NAA (1-Naphthalene acetic acid) and BAP (6-benzyl aminopurine). The maximum regeneration frequency (%) was observed on N6 media containing NAA 1 mg L(-1) and BAP 2.5 mg L(-1). It took 27-30 days for the callus to regenerate into a complete plant. Basmati-370 produced 4-7 plantlets per callus whereas Basmati-371 produced 4-8 plantlets per callus with regeneration frequencies of 61 and 69%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tariq
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, Chakdara, NWFP, Pakistan
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5
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Linko M, Haikara A, Ritala A, Penttilä M. Recent advances in the malting and brewing industry1Based on a lecture held at the symposium `Biotechnology in advanced food and feed processing', at the 8th European Congress on Biotechnology (ECB8) in Budapest, Hungary, August 1997.1. J Biotechnol 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1656(98)00135-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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6
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Stöldt A, Wang XH, Lörz H. Primary callus as source of totipotent barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) protoplasts. PLANT CELL REPORTS 1996; 16:137-141. [PMID: 24177539 DOI: 10.1007/bf01890854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/1996] [Revised: 05/24/1996] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Primary callus of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) derived from scutella (cv. 'Dissa') and anthers (cv. 'Igri') was used for protoplast isolation and plant regeneration. The protoplasts were embedded in agarose and cultured with nurse cells. The plating efficiency varied from 0.1% to 0.7%. Shoots regenerated from the developing callus. Plantlets were transferred to soil and cultivated in the greenhouse three to five months after protoplast isolation. All plants were normal in morphology, and most of them flowered and set seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Stöldt
- Zentrum für Angewandte Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen (AMP 11), Institut für Allgemeine Botanik, Universität Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, D-22609, Hamburg, Germany
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7
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Maas C, Reichel C, Schell J, Steinbiss HH. Preparation and transformation of monocot protoplasts. Methods Cell Biol 1995; 50:383-99. [PMID: 8531810 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-679x(08)61045-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C Maas
- Abteilung Genetische Grundlagen der Pflanzenzüchtung, Max-Planck-Institut für Züchtungsforschung, Köln, Germany
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8
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Komatsuda T, Annaka T, Oka S. Genetic mapping of a quantitative trait locus (QTL) that enhances the shoot differentiation rate in Hordeum vulgare L. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1993; 86:713-720. [PMID: 24193781 DOI: 10.1007/bf00222661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/1992] [Accepted: 01/04/1993] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A quantitative trait locus (QTL) controlling shoot differentiation from immature embryo callus was identified by linkage analysis with morphological and isozyme markers in barley, Hordeum vulgare L. Immature embryos were isolated from cvs 'Azumamugi' (difficult to differentiate), 'Kanto Nakate Gold' (easy to differentiate), their hybrids (F1) and a backcross population derived from a cross 'Azumamugi' x F1. The embryos were cultured in vitro for callus initiation and subsequent shoot differentiation. The shoot differentiation rate was closely associated with ear type (v locus), isocitrate dehydrogenase isozyme (Idh-2), and esterase isozyme (Est-11). These markers were found to reside in a chromosome segment of approximately 30cM on chromosome 2. Recombination frequency was 9.9% between v and a proposed QTL named "Shd1" (shoot differentiation), 11.5% between Idh-2 and Shd1, and 21.3% between Est-11 and Shd1. All data showed the Idh-2, v, Shdl and Est-11 loci to be arranged in this order from proximal to distal on the long arm of chromosome 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Komatsuda
- National Institute of Agrobiological Resources, Kannondai, Tsukuba, 305, Ibaraki, Japan
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9
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Töpfer R, Maas C, Höricke-Grandpierre C, Schell J, Steinbiss HH. Expression vectors for high-level gene expression in dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plants. Methods Enzymol 1993; 217:67-78. [PMID: 8386299 DOI: 10.1016/0076-6879(93)17056-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R Töpfer
- Abteilung Genetische Grundlagen, Pflanzenzüchtung, Max-Planck-Institut für Züchtungsforschung, Köln, Germany
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10
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Wang XH, Lazzeri PA, Lörz H. Chromosomal variation in dividing protoplasts derived from cell suspensions of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1992; 85:181-185. [PMID: 24197302 DOI: 10.1007/bf00222857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/1991] [Accepted: 04/07/1992] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Numerical and structural chromosome variation was analysed in dividing protoplasts isolated from suspension cells of barley. Five cell lines exhibited distribution patterns in chromosome number with different peaks and ranges. Embryogenic/morphogenic cell lines showed a peak at 2n = 14 (ca. 50%) after 6-7 months in culture, while older non-embryogenic cell lines had peaks at aneuploid or polyploid chromosome numbers. Culture duration had a clear effect on numerical and structural chromosome variation in embryogenic cell lines. With ageing of the cultures chromosome variation accumulated and the proportion of 2n = 14 cells decreased. The effect of protoplast isolation and culture on chromosome variation was examined; more cells with normal chromosome sets (12%) were maintained in protoplast-derived colonies than in source suspension cells (4%) of the same culture age.
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Affiliation(s)
- X H Wang
- Institute of General Botany, AMP II, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststrasse 18, 52, Hamburg, Germany
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11
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Peschke VM, Phillips RL. Genetic Implications of Somaclonal Variation in Plants. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2660(08)60318-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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12
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Tewes A, Manteuffel R, Adler K, Weber E, Wobus U. Long-term cultures of barley synthesize and correctly deposit seed storage proteins. PLANT CELL REPORTS 1991; 10:467-470. [PMID: 24221853 DOI: 10.1007/bf00233816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/1991] [Revised: 06/26/1991] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Long-term cultures of four different cultivars of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) have been established. Both callus and suspension cultures formed embryogenic structures at high frequency even after more than 18 months of culture. These compact proembryogenic cell clusters synthesize seed storage globulins whereas loose cell aggregates in callus culture and suspension cultures of fine dispersed consistency were free of globulins. Globulin synthesis was especially intense in compact structures of callus cultures established from suspension culture-derived protoplasts. Within the cells storage globulins are deposited in the vacuolar compartment as in zygotic embryos. The molecular data provided recommend the system for studies on factors determining seed protein gene expression and intracellular protein transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tewes
- Institut für Genetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, Corrensstr. 3, O-4325, Gatersleben, FRG
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13
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Jähne A, Lazzeri PA, Jäger-Gussen M, Lörz H. Plant regeneration from embryogenic cell suspensions derived from anther cultures of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1991; 82:74-80. [PMID: 24212863 DOI: 10.1007/bf00231280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/1990] [Accepted: 12/05/1990] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We have established embryogenic cell suspension cultures of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cultivars Igri, Gimpel, Princesse, and Baronesse) from anther-derived embryogenic callus. Suspension cultures of cultivars Igri and Gimpel were regenerable. The most successful cultivar was Igri, from which a number of independent cell lines producing plantlets were established. Plants could be transferred to soil; up to now, 50% of more than 200 regenerated plants were morphologically normal and fertile. The relative frequency of sterile plants increased as suspensions aged. Suspensions older than 1 year produced embryogenic callus but only albino plantlets could be regenerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jähne
- Institute of General Botany, AMP II, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststrasse 18, W-2000, Hamburg 52, FRG
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14
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Lazzeri PA, Brettschneider R, Lührs R, Lörz H. Stable transformation of barley via PEG-induced direct DNA uptake into protoplasts. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1991; 81:437-444. [PMID: 24221308 DOI: 10.1007/bf00219433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/1990] [Accepted: 09/05/1990] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Protoplasts isolated from a barley cell suspension (cv Dissa) were transformed with plasmid DNA containing the neomycinphosphotransferase II (NPT) and β-glucuronidase (GUS) genes, using polyethyleneglycol (PEG) to induce DNA uptake. Transformed microcalli were selected in media containing G418 sulphate. NPT activity was detected in all antibiotic-resistant cell lines, but not all NPT-positive cell lines had GUS activity. Southern analysis confirmed the presence of sequences homologous to the APT and GUS genes in DNA of G418-resistant callus.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Lazzeri
- Institute for General Botany (AMP II), University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststrasse 18, 52, Hamburg, FRG
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15
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Hahne B, Lörz H, Hahne G. Oat mesophyll protoplasts: their response to various feeder cultures. PLANT CELL REPORTS 1990; 8:590-593. [PMID: 24232678 DOI: 10.1007/bf00270060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/1989] [Revised: 11/10/1989] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Oat (Avena sativa L.) mesophyll protoplasts were recently demonstrated to be capable of dedifferentiation, repeated divisions, and colony formation. Since the development of oat mesophyll protoplasts is decisively influenced by the nature of the used feeder culture (species, variety and concentration), we conducted a systematic study of this parameter. Generally, graminaceous feeders promoted protoplast proliferation, while dicot species repressed protoplast divisions. The beneficial effect of those feeders that promote divisions was counterbalanced by a factor that causes necrosis. The correct balance between promotion of divisions or necrosis depended on the nature of the feeder and its plating density.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hahne
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS, 12, Rue du Général Zimmer, F-67000, Strasbourg, France
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16
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Establishment of Barley Cell Suspension Cultures of Mesocotyl Origin Suitable for Isolation of Dividing Protoplasts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0015-3796(89)80168-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Hayashi Y, Shimamoto K. Wheat protoplast culture: embryogenic colony formation from protoplasts. PLANT CELL REPORTS 1988; 7:414-417. [PMID: 24240258 DOI: 10.1007/bf00269526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/1988] [Revised: 09/07/1988] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv Chinese Spring) protoplasts were isolated from immature embryos or embryogenic calli (3-4 weeks of culture on MS medium with 32 mg/1 dicamba) and cultured in R2 medium containing 2 mg/1 2,4-D by the nurse culture methods originally developed for rice protoplasts (Kyozuka et al. 1987). Protoplasts isolated from embryogenic calli started to divide within 3-5 days and formed colonies at frequencies up to 2% after 3-4 weeks of culture, while protoplasts isolated from immature embryos formed colonies at much lower frequency (less than 0.1%). Some of these colonies were "embryogenic", and they appeared at a frequency of approximately 0.5% of colonies formed when callus-derived protoplasts were used. From two of those "embryogenic" colonies, calli were regenerated and albino shoots and roots were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Hayashi
- Plantech Research Institute, 1000 Kamoshida, Midori-ku, 227, Yokohama, Japan
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