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Complete Genome Sequences of Two
Rhizobium
Strains Producing Azol(in)e-Modified Antibiotics. Microbiol Resour Announc 2022; 11:e0072222. [DOI: 10.1128/mra.00722-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizobia are known for their ability to establish symbiotic relationships with plants. The specialized metabolism of these bacteria remains understudied. Here, we report whole-genome sequences of two rhizobia producing narrow-spectrum antirhizobial azol(in)e-modified peptides: that of
Rhizobium
sp. Pop5, a phazolicin producer, and another of
Rhizobium anhuiense
T24, a trifolitoxin producer.
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2
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Artificial Neural Network and Response Surface Methodology-Mediated Optimization of Bacteriocin Production by Rhizobium leguminosarum. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, TRANSACTIONS A: SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40995-021-01157-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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3
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Mendoza-Suárez M, Andersen SU, Poole PS, Sánchez-Cañizares C. Competition, Nodule Occupancy, and Persistence of Inoculant Strains: Key Factors in the Rhizobium-Legume Symbioses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:690567. [PMID: 34489993 PMCID: PMC8416774 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.690567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Biological nitrogen fixation by Rhizobium-legume symbioses represents an environmentally friendly and inexpensive alternative to the use of chemical nitrogen fertilizers in legume crops. Rhizobial inoculants, applied frequently as biofertilizers, play an important role in sustainable agriculture. However, inoculants often fail to compete for nodule occupancy against native rhizobia with inferior nitrogen-fixing abilities, resulting in low yields. Strains with excellent performance under controlled conditions are typically selected as inoculants, but the rates of nodule occupancy compared to native strains are rarely investigated. Lack of persistence in the field after agricultural cycles, usually due to the transfer of symbiotic genes from the inoculant strain to naturalized populations, also limits the suitability of commercial inoculants. When rhizobial inoculants are based on native strains with a high nitrogen fixation ability, they often have superior performance in the field due to their genetic adaptations to the local environment. Therefore, knowledge from laboratory studies assessing competition and understanding how diverse strains of rhizobia behave, together with assays done under field conditions, may allow us to exploit the effectiveness of native populations selected as elite strains and to breed specific host cultivar-rhizobial strain combinations. Here, we review current knowledge at the molecular level on competition for nodulation and the advances in molecular tools for assessing competitiveness. We then describe ongoing approaches for inoculant development based on native strains and emphasize future perspectives and applications using a multidisciplinary approach to ensure optimal performance of both symbiotic partners.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stig U. Andersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Philip S. Poole
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Lardi M, de Campos SB, Purtschert G, Eberl L, Pessi G. Competition Experiments for Legume Infection Identify Burkholderia phymatum as a Highly Competitive β-Rhizobium. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1527. [PMID: 28861050 PMCID: PMC5559654 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the genus Burkholderia (β-proteobacteria) have only recently been shown to be able to establish a nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with several legumes, which is why they are also referred to as β-rhizobia. Therefore, very little is known about the competitiveness of these species to nodulate different legume host plants. In this study, we tested the competitiveness of several Burkholderia type strains (B. diazotrophica, B. mimosarum, B. phymatum, B. sabiae, B. symbiotica and B. tuberum) to nodulate four legumes (Phaseolus vulgaris, Macroptilium atropurpureum, Vigna unguiculata and Mimosa pudica) under our closely defined growth conditions. The assessment of nodule occupancy of these species on different legume host plants revealed that B. phymatum was the most competitive strain in the three papilionoid legumes (bean, cowpea and siratro), while B. mimosarum outcompeted the other strains in mimosa. The analysis of phenotypes known to play a role in nodulation competitiveness (motility, exopolysaccharide production) and additional in vitro competition assays among β-rhizobial strains suggested that B. phymatum has the potential to be a very competitive legume symbiont.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Lardi
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of ZurichZurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Gabriela Purtschert
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of ZurichZurich, Switzerland
| | - Leo Eberl
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of ZurichZurich, Switzerland
| | - Gabriella Pessi
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of ZurichZurich, Switzerland
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5
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Burkhart BJ, Schwalen CJ, Mann G, Naismith JH, Mitchell DA. YcaO-Dependent Posttranslational Amide Activation: Biosynthesis, Structure, and Function. Chem Rev 2017; 117:5389-5456. [PMID: 28256131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
With advances in sequencing technology, uncharacterized proteins and domains of unknown function (DUFs) are rapidly accumulating in sequence databases and offer an opportunity to discover new protein chemistry and reaction mechanisms. The focus of this review, the formerly enigmatic YcaO superfamily (DUF181), has been found to catalyze a unique phosphorylation of a ribosomal peptide backbone amide upon attack by different nucleophiles. Established nucleophiles are the side chains of Cys, Ser, and Thr which gives rise to azoline/azole biosynthesis in ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified peptide (RiPP) natural products. However, much remains unknown about the potential for YcaO proteins to collaborate with other nucleophiles. Recent work suggests potential in forming thioamides, macroamidines, and possibly additional post-translational modifications. This review covers all knowledge through mid-2016 regarding the biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), natural products, functions, mechanisms, and applications of YcaO proteins and outlines likely future research directions for this protein superfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Greg Mann
- Biomedical Science Research Complex, University of St Andrews , BSRC North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - James H Naismith
- Biomedical Science Research Complex, University of St Andrews , BSRC North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University , Sichuan, China
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Triplett EW. Isolation of genes involved in nodulation competitiveness from Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii T24. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 85:3810-4. [PMID: 16593933 PMCID: PMC280309 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.85.11.3810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii T24 produces a potent anti-rhizobial compound, trifolitoxin, and exclusively nodulates clover roots when in mixed inoculum with trifolitoxin-sensitive strains of R. leguminosarum bv. trifolii [Schwinghamer, E. A. & Belkengren R. P. (1968) Arch. Mikrobiol. 64, 130-145]. In the present study, the isolation of trifolitoxin production and resistance genes is described. A cosmid genomic library of T24 was prepared in pLAFR3. No trifolitoxin expression was observed in the resulting Escherichia coli cosmid clones. One cosmid clone was identified that restored trifolitoxin production and nodulation competitiveness in three nonproducing mutants of T24. The recombinant plasmid from this cosmid clone, pTFX1, also conferred trifolitoxin production and resistance when transferred to symbiotically effective strains of R. leguminosarum bvs. trifolii, phaseoli, and viceae. Cosmid pTFX1 also conferred expression of trifolitoxin production when present in strains of Rhizobium meliloti and Agrobacterium tumefaciens. No trifolitoxin expression was observed in strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum or Rhizobium sp. (cowpea) with pTFX1. Southern blot analysis with a biotinylated pTFX1 probe did not suggest that these genes were plasmid-borne. Transfer of pTFX1 to T24 or its derivatives resulted in 6- to 10-fold higher level of trifolitoxin production than wild-type T24.
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Affiliation(s)
- E W Triplett
- Department of Agronomy and the Center for the Study of Nitrogen Fixation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706-1597
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Triplett EW. Construction of a Symbiotically Effective Strain of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii with Increased Nodulation Competitiveness. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 56:98-103. [PMID: 16348109 PMCID: PMC183256 DOI: 10.1128/aem.56.1.98-103.1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genes involved in nodulation competitiveness (tfx) were inserted by marker exchange into the genome of the effective strain Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii TA1. Isogenic strains of TA1 were constructed which differed only in their ability to produce trifolitoxin, an antirhizobial peptide. Trifolitoxin production by the ineffective strain R. leguminosarum bv. trifolii T24 limited nodulation of clover roots by trifolitoxin-sensitive strains of R. leguminosarum bv. trifolii. The trifolitoxin-producing exconjugant TA1::10-15 was very competitive for nodulation on clover roots when coinoculated with a trifolitoxin-sensitive reference strain. The nonproducing exconjugant TA1::12-10 was not competitive for nodule occupancy when coinoculated with the reference strain. Tetracycline sensitivity and Southern analysis confirmed the loss of vector DNA in the exconjugants. Trifolitoxin production by TA1::10-15 was stable in the absence of selection pressure. Transfer of tfx to TA1 did not affect nodule number or nitrogenase activity. These experiments represent the first stable genetic transfer of genes involved in nodulation competitiveness to a symbiotically effective Rhizobium strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- E W Triplett
- Department of Agronomy and Center for the Study of Nitrogen Fixation, 1575 Linden Drive, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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8
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9
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Herlache TC, Triplett EW. Expression of a crown gall biological control phenotype in an avirulent strain of Agrobacterium vitis by addition of the trifolitoxin production and resistance genes. BMC Biotechnol 2002; 2:2. [PMID: 11882255 PMCID: PMC99048 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2001] [Accepted: 03/06/2002] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Agrobacterium vitis is a causal agent of crown-gall disease. Trifolitoxin (TFX) is a peptide antibiotic active only against members of a specific group of alpha-proteobacteria that includes Agrobacterium and its close relatives. The ability of TFX production by an avirulent strain of Agrobacterium to reduce crown gall disease is examined here. RESULTS TFX was shown to be inhibitory in vitro against several A. vitis strains. TFX production, expressed from the stable plasmid pT2TFXK, conferred biological control activity to an avirulent strain of A. vitis. F2/5, against three virulent, TFX-sensitive strains of A. vitis tested on Nicotiana glauca. F2/5(pT2TFXK) is significantly reduces number and size of galls when co-inoculated with tumorigenic strain CG78 at a 10:1 ratio, but is ineffective at 1:1 or 1:10 ratios. F2/5(pT2TFXK) is effective when co-inoculated with tumorigenic strain CG435 at 10:1 and 1:1 ratios, but not at a 1:10 ratio. When F2/5(pT2TFXK) is co-inoculated with CG49 at a 10:1 ratio, the incidence of gall formation does not decline but gall size decreases by more than 70%. A 24 h pre-inoculation with F2/5(pT2TFXK) does not improve biological control at the 1:10 ratio. CONCLUSIONS TFX production by an avirulent strain of Agrobacterium does confer in that strain the ability to control crown gall disease on Nicotiana glauca. This is the first demonstration that the production of a ribosomally synthesized, post-translationally modified peptide antibiotic can confer reduction in plant disease incidence from a bacterial pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Herlache
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1575 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - Eric W Triplett
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1575 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706 USA
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10
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Oresnik IJ, Twelker S, Hynes MF. Cloning and characterization of a Rhizobium leguminosarum gene encoding a bacteriocin with similarities to RTX toxins. Appl Environ Microbiol 1999; 65:2833-40. [PMID: 10388672 PMCID: PMC91425 DOI: 10.1128/aem.65.7.2833-2840.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A 3-kb region containing the determinant for bacteriocin activity from Rhizobium leguminosarum 248 was isolated and characterized by Tn5 insertional mutagenesis and DNA sequencing. Southern hybridizations showed that this bacteriocin was encoded on the plasmid pRL1JI and that homologous loci were not found in other unrelated R. leguminosarum strains. Tn5 insertional mutagenesis showed that mutations in the C-terminal half of the bacteriocin open reading frame apparently did not abolish bacteriocin activity. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence revealed that, similarly to RTX proteins (such as hemolysin and leukotoxin), this protein contains a characteristic nonapeptide repeated up to 18 times within the protein. In addition, a novel 19- to 25-amino-acid motif that occurred every 130 amino acids was detected. Bacteriocin bioactivity was correlated with the presence of a protein of approximately 100 kDa in the culture supernatants, and the bacteriocin bioactivity demonstrated a calcium dependence in both R. leguminosarum and Sinorhizobium meliloti. A mutant of strain 248 unable to produce this bacteriocin was found to have a statistically significant reduction in competitiveness for nodule occupancy compared to two test strains in coinoculation assays. However, this strain was unable to compete any more successfully with a third test strain, 3841, than was wild-type 248.
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Affiliation(s)
- I J Oresnik
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Breil B, Borneman J, Triplett EW. A newly discovered gene, tfuA, involved in the production of the ribosomally synthesized peptide antibiotic trifolitoxin. J Bacteriol 1996; 178:4150-6. [PMID: 8763943 PMCID: PMC178172 DOI: 10.1128/jb.178.14.4150-4156.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Trifolitoxin (TFX) is a gene-encoded, posttranslationally modified peptide antibiotic. Previously, we have shown that tfxABCDEFG from Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii T24 is sufficient to confer TFX production and resistance to nonproducing strains within a distinct taxonomic group of the alpha-proteobacteria (E. W. Triplett, B. T. Breil, and G. A. Splitter, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60:4163-4166, 1994). Here we describe strain Tn5-2, a Tn5 mutant of T24 defective in the production of TFX, whose insertion maps outside of the tfx cluster. It is not altered in growth compared with T24, nor does it inactivate TFX in its proximity. The wild-type analog of the mutated region of Tn5-2 was cloned. Sequencing, transcriptional fusion mutagenesis, and subcloning were used to identify tfuA, a gene involved in TFX production. On the basis of computer analysis, the putative TfuA protein has a mass of 72.9 kDa and includes a peroxidase motif but no transmembrane domains. TFX production studies show that extra copies of the tfxABCDEFG fragment increase TFX production in a T24 background while additional copies of tfuA do not. Lysate ribonuclease protection assays suggest that tfuA does not regulate transcription of tfxA. Upstream of tfuA are two open reading frames (ORFs). The putative product of ORF1 shows high similarity to the LysR family of transcriptional regulators. The putative product of ORF2 shows high similarity to the cytosine deaminase (CodA) of Escherichia coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Breil
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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12
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Triplett EW, Breil BT, Splitter GA. Expression of tfx and sensitivity to the rhizobial peptide antibiotic trifolitoxin in a taxonomically distinct group of alpha-proteobacteria including the animal pathogen Brucella abortus. Appl Environ Microbiol 1994; 60:4163-6. [PMID: 7527627 PMCID: PMC201952 DOI: 10.1128/aem.60.11.4163-4166.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Three phylogenetically distinct groups within the alpha-proteobacteria which differ in trifolitoxin sensitivity are described. Trifolitoxin sensitivity was found in strains of Agrobacterium, Brucella, Mycoplana, Ochrobactrum, Phyllobacterium, Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, and Rhizobium. Strains of Agrobacterium, Brucella, Phyllobacterium, Rhizobium, and Rhodospirillum were capable of producing trifolitoxin upon conjugal transfer of tfxABCDEFG.
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Affiliation(s)
- E W Triplett
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
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Leung K, Strain SR, de Bruijn FJ, Bottomley PJ. Genotypic and Phenotypic Comparisons of Chromosomal Types within an Indigenous Soil Population of
Rhizobium leguminosarum
bv. trifolii. Appl Environ Microbiol 1994; 60:416-26. [PMID: 16349171 PMCID: PMC201329 DOI: 10.1128/aem.60.2.416-426.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The relative genetic similarities of 200 isolates of
Rhizobium leguminosarum
bv. trifolii recovered from an Oregon soil were determined at 13 enzyme loci by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE). These isolates represented 13 antigenically distinct serotypes recovered from nodules formed on various clover species. The MLEE-derived levels of relatedness among isolates of
R. leguminosarum
bv. trifolii were found to be in good agreement with the levels of relatedness established by using repetitive (repetitive extragenic palindromic and enterobacterial repetitive intergeneric consensus) sequences and the PCR technique and with levels of relatedness from previously published DNA reassociation studies. BIOLOG substrate utilization patterns showed that isolates within an electrophoretic type (ET) were phenotypically more similar to each other than to isolates of other ETs. The soil isolates were represented by 53 ETs which could be clustered into seven groups (groups B, E, G, H1, H2, I, and J). Evidence for multilocus structure within the population was obtained, and group B was identified as the primary creator of the disequilibrium. Of 75 isolates belonging to the nodule-dominant serotype AS6 complex, 72 were found in group B. Isolates WS2-01 and WS2-02 representing nodule-dominant serotypes recovered from subclover grown at another Oregon site were also found in group B. Isolates representing the most numerous ETs in group B (ETs 2 and 3) were either suboptimally effective or completely ineffective at fixing nitrogen on six different clover species. Another four groups of isolates (groups A, C, D, and F) were identified when 32 strains of diverse origins were analyzed by MLEE and incorporated into the cluster analysis. Group A was most dissimilar in comparisons with other groups and contained strain USDA 2124 (T24), which produces trifolitoxin and has unique symbiotic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Leung
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-3804
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Breil BT, Ludden PW, Triplett EW. DNA sequence and mutational analysis of genes involved in the production and resistance of the antibiotic peptide trifolitoxin. J Bacteriol 1993; 175:3693-702. [PMID: 8509324 PMCID: PMC204784 DOI: 10.1128/jb.175.12.3693-3702.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The 7.1-kb fragment of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii T24 DNA which confers trifolitoxin production and resistance to nonproducing, sensitive Rhizobium strains (E. W. Triplett, M. J. Schink, and K. L. Noeldner, Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 2:202-208, 1989) was subcloned, sequenced, and mutagenized with a transcriptional fusion cassette. The sequence of this fragment revealed seven complete open reading frames, tfxABCDEFG, all transcribed in the same direction. TfxA has an 11-amino-acid carboxy terminus identical to the known amino acid sequence of the trifolitoxin backbone, DIGGSRXGCVA, where X is an UV-absorbing chromophore. This is evidence that trifolitoxin is synthesized ribosomally as a prepeptide that is posttranslationally modified to yield the active peptide. TfxB shows 27.6% identity with McbC, a protein required for the production of the ribosomally synthesized antibiotic microcin B17. Tn3GUS transcriptional fusion insertions in tfxA, tfxB, tfxD, or tfxF caused a nonproducing, trifolitoxin-resistant phenotype and confirmed the direction of transcription of these frames. No insertion mutations were found in tfxE or tfxG. Sequence analysis along with insertion and deletion mutation analysis suggest that (i) trifolitoxin is synthesized ribosomally from tfxA; (ii) tfxA, tfxE, and tfxG have their own promoters; (iii) TfxG is required for immunity; (iv) TfxB, TfxD, and TfxF are required for trifolitoxin production; and (v) the UV-absorbing chromophore is derived from glutamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- B T Breil
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706
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Triplett EW, Vogelzang RD. A rapid bioassay for the activity of the antirhizobial peptide, trifolitoxin. J Microbiol Methods 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0167-7012(89)90049-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Trinick MJ, Hadobas PA. Competition by
Bradyrhizobium
Strains for Nodulation of the Nonlegume
Parasponia andersonii. Appl Environ Microbiol 1989; 55:1242-8. [PMID: 16347913 PMCID: PMC184284 DOI: 10.1128/aem.55.5.1242-1248.1989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bradyrhizobium
strains isolated from the nonlegume
Parasponia
spp. formed a group of strains that were highly competitive for nodulation of
P. andersonii
when paired with strains isolated from legumes. Strains from legumes, including those of similar effectiveness to NGR231 and CP283, were not able to form nodules as single occupants on
P. andersonii
in the presence of
Parasponia
strains. However, NGR86, an isolate from
Macroptilium lathyroides
, jointly occupied one-third of the nodules formed with each of the three strains isolated from
Parasponia
spp. Time taken for nodules to appear may have influenced the outcome of competition, since CP283 and all isolates from legumes were slow to nodulate
P. andersonii
. Among the
Parasponia
strains, competitiveness for nodulation of
P. andersonii
was not associated with effectiveness of nitrogen fixation. The highly effective strain CP299 was a poor competitor when paired with the least effective strain NGR231. CP283 was the least competitive of the
Parasponia
strains but was still able to dominate nodules when paired with legume isolates. Dual occupancy was high, up to 67% when the inoculum contained CP299 and CP273. Both the Muc
+
and Muc
-
types of CP283 form a symbiosis of similar effectiveness and were similarly competitive at high inoculation densities, but the Muc
-
form was more competitive at low inoculum densities. Both forms frequently occupied the same nodule.
Bradyrhizobium
strains isolated from
Parasponia
spp. may have specific genetic information that favor their ability to competitively and effectively infect plants in the genus
Parasponia
(Ulmaceae) outside the Leguminosae.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Trinick
- Division of Plant Industry, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, G.P.O. Box 1600, Canberra City Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
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Joseph MV, Desai JD, Desai AJ. Production of Antimicrobial and Bacteriocin-Like Substances by
Rhizobium trifolii. Appl Environ Microbiol 1983; 45:532-5. [PMID: 16346202 PMCID: PMC242319 DOI: 10.1128/aem.45.2.532-535.1983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizobium trifolii
strains IARI and Rel-1 produced substances with broad and narrow activity spectra, respectively. Reproducible inhibitory zones of various sizes produced by
R. trifolii
IARI (2 to 14 mm) and
R. trifolii
Rel-1 (2 to 6 mm) were detected, depending upon the indicator organism used. The maximum production of these substances by both strains of
R. trifolii
was observed on
l
-arabinose agar. A preliminary characterization of the antimicrobial substance produced by strain IARI showed resistance to heat (75 to 80°C for 45 min), trypsin, lysozyme, DNase I, and RNase A. On the other hand, the substance produced by strain Rel-1 showed sensitivity to heat (75 to 80°C for 45 min) and trypsin, but resistance to lysozyme, RNase A, and DNase I.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Joseph
- P.G. Department of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar-388120, India
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19
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Skotnicki ML, Rolfe BG, Reporter M. Nitrogenase activity in pure cultures of spectinomycin-resistant fast and slow-growing Rhizobium. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1979; 86:968-75. [PMID: 155455 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(79)90212-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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