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Singh P, Hernandez‐Rauda R, Peña‐Rodas O. Preventative and therapeutic potential of animal milk components against COVID-19: A comprehensive review. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:2547-2579. [PMID: 37324885 PMCID: PMC10261805 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The global pandemic of COVID-19 is considered one of the most catastrophic events on earth. During the pandemic, food ingredients may play crucial roles in preventing infectious diseases and sustaining people's general health and well-being. Animal milk acts as a super food since it has the capacity to minimize the occurrence of viral infections due to inherent antiviral properties of its ingredients. SARS-CoV-2 virus infection can be prevented by immune-enhancing and antiviral properties of caseins, α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, mucin, lactoferrin, lysozyme, lactoperoxidase, oligosaccharides, glycosaminoglycans, and glycerol monolaurate. Some of the milk proteins (i.e., lactoferrin) may work synergistically with antiviral medications (e.g., remdesivir), and enhance the effectiveness of treatment in this disease. Cytokine storm during COVID-19 can be managed by casein hydrolyzates, lactoferrin, lysozyme, and lactoperoxidase. Thrombus formation can be prevented by casoplatelins as these can inhibit human platelet aggregation. Milk vitamins (i.e., A, D, E, and B complexes) and minerals (i.e., Ca, P, Mg, Zn, and Se) can have significantly positive effects on boosting the immunity and health status of individuals. In addition, certain vitamins and minerals can also act as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, and antivirals. Thus, the overall effect of milk might be a result of synergistic antiviral effects and host immunomodulator activities from multiple components. Due to multiple overlapping functions of milk ingredients, they can play vital and synergistic roles in prevention as well as supportive agents during principle therapy of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parminder Singh
- Department of Animal Husbandry AmritsarGovernment of PunjabAmritsarIndia
| | - Roberto Hernandez‐Rauda
- Laboratorio de Inocuidad de AlimentosUniversidad Doctor Andres BelloSan SalvadorEl Salvador, América Central
| | - Oscar Peña‐Rodas
- Laboratorio de Inocuidad de AlimentosUniversidad Doctor Andres BelloSan SalvadorEl Salvador, América Central
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2
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Singh KS, Singh BP, Rokana N, Singh N, Kaur J, Singh A, Panwar H. Bio-therapeutics from human milk: prospects and perspectives. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:2669-2687. [PMID: 33740837 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human milk is elixir for neonates and is a rich source of nutrients and beneficial microbiota required for infant growth and development. Its benefits prompted research into probing the milk components and their use as prophylactic or therapeutic agents. Culture-independent estimation of milk microbiome and high-resolution identification of milk components provide information, but a holistic purview of these research domains is lacking. Here, we review the current research on bio-therapeutic components of milk and simplified future directions for its efficient usage. Publicly available databases such as PubMed and Google scholar were searched for keywords such as probiotics and prebiotics related to human milk, microbiome and milk oligosaccharides. This was further manually curated for inclusion and exclusion criteria relevant to human milk and clinical efficacy. The literature was classified into subgroups and then discussed in detail to facilitate understanding. Although milk research is still in infancy, it is clear that human milk has many functions including protection of infants by passive immunization through secreted antibodies, and transfer of immune regulators, cytokines and bioactive peptides. Unbiased estimates show that the human milk carries a complex community of microbiota which serves as the initial inoculum for establishment of infant gut. Our search effectively screened for evidence that shows that milk also harbours many types of prebiotics such as human milk oligosaccharides which encourage growth of beneficial probiotics. The milk also trains the naive immune system of the infant by supplying immune cells and stimulatory factors, thereby strengthening mucosal and systemic immune system. Our systematic review would improve understanding of human milk and the inherent complexity and diversity of human milk. The interrelated functional role of human milk components especially the oligosaccharides and microbiome has been discussed which plays important role in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Singh
- National Centre for Microbial Resource - National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, Maharashtra, India.,Structure and Function of Proteins, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - B P Singh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Science, RK University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - N Rokana
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - N Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Rama University, Uttar Pradesh, Kanpur, India
| | - J Kaur
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - A Singh
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - H Panwar
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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González-Morelo KJ, Vega-Sagardía M, Garrido D. Molecular Insights Into O-Linked Glycan Utilization by Gut Microbes. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:591568. [PMID: 33224127 PMCID: PMC7674204 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.591568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
O-linked glycosylation is a post-translational modification found mainly in eukaryotic cells, which covalently attaches oligosaccharides to secreted proteins in certain threonine or serine residues. Most of O-glycans have N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) as a common core. Several glycoproteins, such as mucins (MUCs), immunoglobulins, and caseins are examples of O-glycosylated structures. These glycans are further elongated with other monosaccharides and sulfate groups. Some of them could be found in dairy foods, while others are produced endogenously, in both cases interacting with the gut microbiota. Interestingly, certain gut microbes can access, release, and consume O-linked glycans as a carbon source. Among these, Akkermansia muciniphila, Bifidobacterium bifidum, and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron are prominent O-linked glycan utilizers. Their consumption strategies include specialized α-fucosidases and α-sialidases, in addition to endo-α-N-acetylgalactosaminidases that release galacto-N-biose (GNB) from peptides backbones. O-linked glycan utilization by certain gut microbes represents an important niche that allows them to predominate and modulate host responses such as inflammation. Here, we focus on the distinct molecular mechanisms of consumption of O-linked GalNAc glycans by prominent gut microbes, especially from mucin and casein glycomacropeptide (GMP), highlighting the potential of these structures as emerging prebiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel Garrido
- Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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4
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Melnikova DL, Skirda VD, Nesmelova IV. Effect of Reducing Agent TCEP on Translational Diffusion and Supramolecular Assembly in Aqueous Solutions of α-Casein. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:2305-2315. [PMID: 30789730 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b12511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The translational diffusion coefficient is highly sensitive to the size change of diffusing species and is ideally suited for the study of molecular association. Here, we used translational diffusion measurements by a pulsed-field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance (PFG NMR) technique to investigate the role of disulfide bonds in the formation of a supramolecular gel-like structure in the concentrated solution of α-casein. To reduce disulfide bonds, we added a commonly used reducing reagent tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) to α-casein solution. We found that the disruption of a disulfide bond Cys36-Cys40 in αs2-casein does not alter the translational diffusion or secondary structure of α-casein in dilute, 1 and 3% (wt %) solution. On the contrary, in concentrated, 15% (wt %) α-casein solution, in addition to the disruption of disulfide bonds, TCEP induced significant changes in gel properties. New long-lived intermolecular interactions formed, leading to the irreversible gel formation. While a few side reactions of TCEP (as well as other reducing agents, e.g., dithiothreitol) have been reported, this area is still understudied. Here, we provide new data on the side reaction of the reducing agent TCEP in concentrated protein solution, suggesting that at high protein concentrations TCEP should be used with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria L Melnikova
- Department of Physics , Kazan Federal University , Kazan 420011 , Russia
| | - Vladimir D Skirda
- Department of Physics , Kazan Federal University , Kazan 420011 , Russia
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5
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Tanimowo Aiyelabegan H, Ebadi M, Ali Kardar G, Lotfibakhshaiesh N, Abedin Dorkoosh F, Ebrahimi_Barough S, Sadroddiny E. k-Casein upregulates osteogenic differentiation on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells cultured on agarose microcarriers. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2019.1570511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hammed Tanimowo Aiyelabegan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Ebadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholam Ali Kardar
- Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Lotfibakhshaiesh
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farid Abedin Dorkoosh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Ebrahimi_Barough
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Sadroddiny
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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6
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Enjapoori AK, Kukuljan S, Dwyer KM, Sharp JA. In vivo endogenous proteolysis yielding beta-casein derived bioactive beta-casomorphin peptides in human breast milk for infant nutrition. Nutrition 2019; 57:259-267. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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7
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Corfield AP. The Interaction of the Gut Microbiota with the Mucus Barrier in Health and Disease in Human. Microorganisms 2018; 6:microorganisms6030078. [PMID: 30072673 PMCID: PMC6163557 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms6030078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycoproteins are major players in the mucus protective barrier in the gastrointestinal and other mucosal surfaces. In particular the mucus glycoproteins, or mucins, are responsible for the protective gel barrier. They are characterized by their high carbohydrate content, present in their variable number, tandem repeat domains. Throughout evolution the mucins have been maintained as integral components of the mucosal barrier, emphasizing their essential biological status. The glycosylation of the mucins is achieved through a series of biosynthetic pathways processes, which generate the wide range of glycans found in these molecules. Thus mucins are decorated with molecules having information in the form of a glycocode. The enteric microbiota interacts with the mucosal mucus barrier in a variety of ways in order to fulfill its many normal processes. How bacteria read the glycocode and link to normal and pathological processes is outlined in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony P Corfield
- Mucin Research Group, School of Clinical Sciences, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Level 7, Marlborough Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK.
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8
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Bioactive Peptides in Milk: From Encrypted Sequences to Nutraceutical Aspects. BEVERAGES 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/beverages3030041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Rocha-Martin J, Fernández-Lorente G, Guisan JM. Sequential hydrolysis of commercial casein hydrolysate by immobilized trypsin and thermolysin to produce bioactive phosphopeptides. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2017.1308499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Rocha-Martin
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica-CSIC. Campus UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gloria Fernández-Lorente
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica-CSIC. Campus UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M. Guisan
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica-CSIC. Campus UAM, Madrid, Spain
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10
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Reyes-Díaz A, González-Córdova AF, Hernández-Mendoza A, Reyes-Díaz R, Vallejo-Cordoba B. Immunomodulation by hydrolysates and peptides derived from milk proteins. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Reyes-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Química y Biotecnología de Productos Lácteos.; Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD); Carretera a La Victoria Km 0.6 Hermosillo Sonora 83304 México
| | - Aarón F González-Córdova
- Laboratorio de Química y Biotecnología de Productos Lácteos.; Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD); Carretera a La Victoria Km 0.6 Hermosillo Sonora 83304 México
| | - Adrián Hernández-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Química y Biotecnología de Productos Lácteos.; Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD); Carretera a La Victoria Km 0.6 Hermosillo Sonora 83304 México
| | - Ricardo Reyes-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Química y Biotecnología de Productos Lácteos.; Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD); Carretera a La Victoria Km 0.6 Hermosillo Sonora 83304 México
| | - Belinda Vallejo-Cordoba
- Laboratorio de Química y Biotecnología de Productos Lácteos.; Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD); Carretera a La Victoria Km 0.6 Hermosillo Sonora 83304 México
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11
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Perna A, Simonetti A, Gambacorta E. Short communication: Effect of casein haplotype on angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant capacities of milk casein from Italian Holstein cows before and following in vitro digestion with gastrointestinal enzymes. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:6922-6926. [PMID: 27289148 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of casein haplotype (αS1, β, and κ) on antioxidative and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory capacities of milk casein from Italian Holstein cows before and following in vitro digestion with gastrointestinal enzymes. The antioxidant capacity was measured using 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid and ferric-reducing antioxidant power assays, whereas ACE inhibition was determined by ACE-inhibitory assay. The ACE-inhibitory and antioxidant capacities of milk casein increased during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. Casein haplotype significantly influenced the antioxidative and ACE-inhibitory capacities of digested casein. In particular, BB-A(2)A(1)-AA casein and BB-A(1)A(1)-AA casein showed the highest ACE-inhibitory capacity, BB-A(2)A(2)-AA casein showed the highest antioxidant capacity, whereas BB-A(2)A(2)-BB casein showed the lowest biological capacity. To date, few studies have been done on the effect of casein haplotype on biological capacity of milk casein, thus the present study sets the basis for a new knowledge that could lead to the production of milk with better nutraceutical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Perna
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10-85100, Italy.
| | - Amalia Simonetti
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10-85100, Italy
| | - Emilio Gambacorta
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10-85100, Italy
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12
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Pessione E, Cirrincione S. Bioactive Molecules Released in Food by Lactic Acid Bacteria: Encrypted Peptides and Biogenic Amines. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:876. [PMID: 27375596 PMCID: PMC4899451 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can produce a huge amount of bioactive compounds. Since their elective habitat is food, especially dairy but also vegetal food, it is frequent to find bioactive molecules in fermented products. Sometimes these compounds can have adverse effects on human health such as biogenic amines (tyramine and histamine), causing allergies, hypertensive crises, and headache. However, some LAB products also display benefits for the consumers. In the present review article, the main nitrogen compounds produced by LAB are considered. Besides biogenic amines derived from the amino acids tyrosine, histidine, phenylalanine, lysine, ornithine, and glutamate by decarboxylation, interesting peptides can be decrypted by the proteolytic activity of LAB. LAB proteolytic system is very efficient in releasing encrypted molecules from several proteins present in different food matrices. Alpha and beta-caseins, albumin and globulin from milk and dairy products, rubisco from spinach, beta-conglycinin from soy and gluten from cereals constitute a good source of important bioactive compounds. These encrypted peptides are able to control nutrition (mineral absorption and oxidative stress protection), metabolism (blood glucose and cholesterol lowering) cardiovascular function (antithrombotic and hypotensive action), infection (microbial inhibition and immunomodulation) and gut-brain axis (opioids and anti-opioids controlling mood and food intake). Very recent results underline the role of food-encrypted peptides in protein folding (chaperone-like molecules) as well as in cell cycle and apoptosis control, suggesting new and positive aspects of fermented food, still unexplored. In this context, the detailed (transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic) characterization of LAB of food interest (as starters, biocontrol agents, nutraceuticals, and probiotics) can supply a solid evidence-based science to support beneficial effects and it is a promising approach as well to obtain functional food. The detailed knowledge of the modulation of human physiology, exploiting the health-promoting properties of fermented food, is an open field of investigation that will constitute the next challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Pessione
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Proteomics and Metabolic Engineering of Prokaryotes, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of TorinoTorino, Italy
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13
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Tidona F, Criscione A, Guastella AM, Zuccaro A, Bordonaro S, Marletta D. Bioactive peptides in dairy products. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2009.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Mora L, Escudero E, Aristoy MC, Toldrá F. A peptidomic approach to study the contribution of added casein proteins to the peptide profile in Spanish dry-fermented sausages. Int J Food Microbiol 2015; 212:41-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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15
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Turovsky T, Portnaya I, Kesselman E, Ionita-Abutbul I, Dan N, Danino D. Effect of temperature and loading on the structure of β-casein/ibuprofen assemblies. J Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 449:514-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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16
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Effect of polymorphisms in the CSN3 (κ-casein) gene on milk production traits in Chinese Holstein Cattle. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:7585-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3648-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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ghafoor A, Riaz MN, Zahur AB, Abbas N, Yousaf M, Shah A, Ishaq R, Suleman M. Κ‐
CN
gene polymorphism in Nili‐ravi buffalo, Achai and Sahiwal cattle of Pakistan. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul ghafoor
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology (NIGAB) National Agricultural Research CentrePark Road Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Muhammad N Riaz
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology (NIGAB) National Agricultural Research CentrePark Road Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Aamer B Zahur
- Animal Science Institute (ASI) National Agriculture Research Centre Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Nasir Abbas
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology (NIGAB) National Agricultural Research CentrePark Road Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yousaf
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology (NIGAB) National Agricultural Research CentrePark Road Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Abdullah Shah
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology (NIGAB) National Agricultural Research CentrePark Road Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Rafaqat Ishaq
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology (NIGAB) National Agricultural Research CentrePark Road Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Suleman
- Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology University of Swat Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
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18
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Identification of a NFκB inhibitory peptide from tryptic β-casein hydrolysate. Food Chem 2014; 165:129-33. [PMID: 25038658 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.05.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Several bioactive peptides are encrypted within the sequence of major milk proteins, requiring enzymatic proteolysis for release and activation. The present study aimed at the identification of potential anti-inflammatory activities in tryptic hydrolysates of bovine β-casein. Inflammatory processes involve in most cases an activation of Nuclear factor Kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB), which is a pro-inflammatory transcription factor of several genes. Hence, a NFκB reporter cell line was established, and TNF-α mediated activation of NFκB was used as a measurement. Bovine β-casein (β-CN) was hydrolysed by trypsin and fractionated by ultrafiltration. Total proteolysate as well as the fraction containing peptides between 1 and 5 kDa showed an inhibitory effect in the cell-based assay, while the fraction containing molecules smaller than 1 kDa did not. This anti-inflammatory effect was ascribed to a group of large, hydrophobic peptides, which were identified using LC-MS. The main peptide was synthesised and showed a significant anti-inflammatory effect in HEK(nfkb-RE)-cells. Thus, for the first time, a casein-derived peptide having an anti-inflammatory effect in vitro has been identified.
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19
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Wada Y, Lönnerdal B. Bioactive peptides derived from human milk proteins — mechanisms of action. J Nutr Biochem 2014; 25:503-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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20
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Sotres J, Barrantes A, Lindh L, Arnebrant T. Strategies for a direct characterization of phosphoproteins on hydroxyapatite surfaces. Caries Res 2013; 48:98-110. [PMID: 24296726 DOI: 10.1159/000351871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We show in this work how systems formed by phosphoproteins on calcium phosphate surfaces can be directly characterized, in real time, in liquid medium, without the need for elution or labeling. Specifically, we show how this is possible by applying three different techniques: ellipsometry, quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation, and atomic force microscopy-based friction force spectroscopy. We apply these techniques to study two different model systems, i.e. those formed upon the adsorption of two model phosphoproteins (κ- and β-casein) on hydroxyapatite (HA) surfaces. Information on the kinetics of adsorption, surface excess, viscoelasticity, water content, thickness of the layers, and protein-surface interaction is provided. Results indicate that both phosphoproteins form homogeneous elastic highly hydrated monolayers on the HA surfaces, the strength of β-casein layers being higher by approximately a factor of 4. Based on the experimental results, models for the conformation of κ- and β-casein molecules adsorbed on HA surfaces are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sotres
- Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
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21
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Sistla S. Structure–activity relationships of αs-casein peptides with multifunctional biological activities. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 384:29-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1778-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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22
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Perna A, Intaglietta I, Simonetti A, Gambacorta E. Effect of genetic type and casein haplotype on antioxidant activity of yogurts during storage. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96:3435-41. [PMID: 23548278 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-5859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate the antioxidant activity of yogurt made from the milk of 2 breeds-Italian Brown and Italian Holstein-characterized by different casein haplotypes (αS1-, β-, and κ-caseins) during storage up to 15 d. The casein haplotype was determined by isoelectric focusing; antioxidant activity of yogurt was measured using 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid). The statistical analysis showed a significant effect of the studied factors. Antioxidant activity increased during storage of both yogurt types, but yogurt produced with Italian Brown milk showed higher antioxidant activity than those produced with Italian Holstein milk. A high scavenging activity was present in yogurts with the allelic combination of BB-A(2)A(2)-BB. The results of this study suggest that the genetic type and the haplotype make a significant contribution in the production of yogurts with high nutraceutical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Perna
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10 - 85100, Italy.
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23
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Rojas-Ronquillo R, Cruz-Guerrero A, Flores-Nájera A, Rodríguez-Serrano G, Gómez-Ruiz L, Reyes-Grajeda JP, Jiménez-Guzmán J, García-Garibay M. Antithrombotic and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory properties of peptides released from bovine casein by Lactobacillus casei Shirota. Int Dairy J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2012.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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24
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Ricci-Cabello I, Herrera MO, Artacho R. Possible role of milk-derived bioactive peptides in the treatment and prevention of metabolic syndrome. Nutr Rev 2012; 70:241-55. [PMID: 22458697 DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2011.00448.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing prevalence of metabolic syndrome as well as its impact on public health has garnered increased attention in recent years. As a result, metabolic syndrome is now considered one of the world's leading public health problems. Bioactive peptides deriving from milk proteins may play an important role in the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome and its complications via several mechanisms, such as the satiety response, the regulation of insulinemia levels and blood pressure, the uptake of free radicals, and alteration of the lipid profile. These peptides can be incorporated into functional foods or administered via nutraceuticals to decrease the risk of obesity, atherogenesis, arterial hypertension, and type 2 diabetes. Recent findings have generated considerable scientific and commercial interest in milk-derived bioactive peptides, leading to numerous publications on the effectiveness of these substances. This review summarizes the current knowledge on bioactive peptides derived from milk proteins and examines the potential value of these peptides in the treatment and prevention of metabolic syndrome and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Ricci-Cabello
- Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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25
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RIAZ MUHAMMADN, MALIK NAVEEDA, NASREEN FOZIA, QURESHI JAVEDA, KHAN SAEEDULHASSAN. Genetic variability in the kappa-casein gene in Sahiwal, Cholistani and Red Sindhi cattle breeds. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0307.2011.00755.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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26
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Hernández-Hernández O, Lebrón-Aguilar R, Quintanilla-López JE, Sanz ML, Moreno FJ. Detection of two minor phosphorylation sites for bovine κ-casein macropeptide by reversed-phase liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:10848-10853. [PMID: 21910405 DOI: 10.1021/jf203089n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This work addresses the characterization of phosphopeptides in bovine κ-casein macropeptide by reversed-phase liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (RPLC-ESI-MS(2)). Two different mass spectrometers, equipped with an ion trap (IT) or a quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-TOF) analyzer, were used to perform an accurate phosphorylation site assignment. A total of 8 phosphopeptides from 26 identified peptides were characterized. MS(2) spectra of phosphopeptides were dominated by the neutral loss of a phosphoric acid molecule (H(3)PO(4)) and sufficient informative fragment ions resulting from peptide backbone cleavages enabling the elucidation of the phosphopeptide sequence. A higher number of sequence informative b and y ions were detected using a Q-TOF instead of an IT analyzer. In addition to the well-established phosphorylation sites at Ser(149) and Ser(127), this study also revealed the presence of two minor phosphorylation sites at Thr(145) and Ser(166). These findings indicate that RPLC-ESI-MS(2) on a Q-TOF analyzer is a useful technique for identifying low-abundance phosphorylation sites in caseins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oswaldo Hernández-Hernández
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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Maloney A, Herskowitz LJ, Koch SJ. Effects of surface passivation on gliding motility assays. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19522. [PMID: 21674032 PMCID: PMC3108588 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we report differences in the observed gliding speed of
microtubules dependent on the choice of bovine casein used as a surface
passivator. We observed differences in both speed and support of microtubules in
each of the assays. Whole casein, comprised of αs1,
αs2, β, and κ casein, supported motility and averaged
speeds of 966±7 nm/s. Alpha casein can be purchased as a combination of
αs1 and αs2 and supported gliding motility and
average speeds of 949±4 nm/s. Beta casein did not support motility very
well and averaged speeds of 870±30 nm/s. Kappa casein supported motility
very poorly and we were unable to obtain an average speed. Finally, we observed
that mixing alpha, beta, and kappa casein with the proportions found in bovine
whole casein supported motility and averaged speeds of 966±6 nm/s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Maloney
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Center for High Technology Materials, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America.
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Sotres J, Svensson O, Arnebrant T. Friction force spectroscopy of β- and κ-casein monolayers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:981-992. [PMID: 21182238 DOI: 10.1021/la1043377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Friction force spectroscopy (FFS) has been applied to study the tribological properties of β- and κ-casein layers on hydrophobic substrates in aqueous solutions. Nanometer-sized imaging tips were employed. This allowed exerting and determining the high pressures needed to remove the layers and registering the topographic evolution during this process. Both β- and κ-casein layers showed similar and not particularly high initial frictional responses (friction coefficient of ∼1 when measured with a silicon nitride tip). The pressures needed to remove the layers were of the same order of magnitude for both proteins, ∼10(8) Pa, but slightly higher for those composed of β-casein. The technique has also shown to be useful in studying the two-dimensional lateral diffusion of the proteins and the wear on the layers they form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Sotres
- Biomedical Laboratory Science and Technology, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmoe University, 20506 Malmoe, Sweden.
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29
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Guilloteau P, Romé V, Delaby L, Mendy F, Roger L, Chayvialle JA. Is caseinomacropeptide from milk proteins, an inhibitor of gastric secretion? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 159:129-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2009.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2009] [Revised: 07/29/2009] [Accepted: 09/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Little WC, Schwartlander R, Smith ML, Gourdon D, Vogel V. Stretched extracellular matrix proteins turn fouling and are functionally rescued by the chaperones albumin and casein. NANO LETTERS 2009; 9:4158-67. [PMID: 19743815 PMCID: PMC2790870 DOI: 10.1021/nl902365z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2009] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
While evidence is mounting that cells exploit protein unfolding for mechanochemical signal conversion (mechanotransduction), what mechanisms are in place to deal with the unwanted consequences of exposing hydrophobic residues upon force-induced protein unfolding? Here, we show that mechanical chaperones exist that can transiently bind to hydrophobic residues that are freshly exposed by mechanical force. The stretch-upregulated binding of albumin or casein to fibronectin fibers is reversible and does not inhibit fiber contraction once the tension is released.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Viola Vogel
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Address: Laboratory of Biologically Oriented Materials, Department of Materials, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, HCI F 443, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. Phone: +41 44 632 0887. Fax: +41 44 632 10 73. E-mail:
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Guilloteau P, Romé V, Delaby L, Mendy F, Roger L, Chayvialle JA. A new role of phosphopeptides as bioactive peptides released during milk casein digestion in the young mammal: regulation of gastric secretion. Peptides 2009; 30:2221-7. [PMID: 19744534 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2009.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Revised: 08/25/2009] [Accepted: 09/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study in vivo the effect of ingestion of phosphopeptides (PP) alone or associated with caseinomacropeptide (CMP) on gastric secretion and to elucidate some possible mechanisms involved. Seven calves fitted with a gastric pouch received either a diet based on whey proteins without PP and CMP (C diet) or C diet in which PP or PP+CMP was introduced at concentrations similar to that of PP or PP+CMP in cow milk (PP diet and PP+CMP diet, respectively). Gastric juice secretion was measured during successive periods throughout the day. Twenty-four calves were fitted with a catheter introduced in one external jugular vein for blood sample collections. The daily secretion of electrolytes decreased with the presence of PP or PP+CMP in the diet. During the day, peptide supplementation in the diet resulted in (1) short term (1st-2nd postprandial h), a decrease of secreted quantities of gastric juice, enzymes and electrolytes, (2) long term (7-24h after the morning meal), a decrease of electrolyte secretions. Intervention of gastrin, CCK, somatostatin and BPP could be probable. Globally, inhibition of gastric secretions seemed more important when PP was given in association with CMP in the diet rather than alone. CMP and PP may have short and long term action respectively over the 24h day. To our knowledge, it is the first time that phosphopeptides coming from milk casein digestion are demonstrated to inhibit gastric secretion. Therapeutic uses are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Guilloteau
- INRA, UMR 1079 SENAH, Domaine de la Prise, 35590 Saint-Gilles, France.
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32
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Characterization of the 12% trichloroacetic acid-insoluble oligopeptides of Parmigiano-Reggiano cheese. J DAIRY RES 2009. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022029900030673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
SummaryThe isolation and identification of low molecular mass peptides formed during the ripening of Parmigiano-Reggiano cheese is described. A strategy was used based on the fractionation of nitrogenous material using chemical methods followed by HPLC to isolate peptides and fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry to identify them. It was found that the majority of cheese oligopeptides arose from the proteolysis of β-casein. Several phosphopeptides and oligopeptides known in vivo to be biologically active have also been identified during the ripening of cheese.
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33
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Macaud C, Zhao Q, Ricart G, Piot JM. RAPID DETECTION OF A CASOMORPHIN AND NEW CASOMORPHIN-LIKE PEPTIDE FROM A PEPTIC CASEIN HYDROLYSATE BY SPECTRAL COMPARISON AND SECOND ORDER DERIVATIVE SPECTROSCOPY DURING HPLC ANALYSIS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-100101668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Macaud
- a Université de La Rochelle , Laboratoire de Génie Protéique et Cellulaire, Pôle Sciences et Technologies, Avenue Marillac, La Rochelle , 17042 , France
| | - Qiuyu Zhao
- b Université de La Rochelle , Laboratoire de Génie Protéique et Cellulaire, Pôle Sciences et Technologies, Avenue Marillac, La Rochelle , 17042 , France
| | - Guy Ricart
- c Université Lille 1 , Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq , France
| | - Jean Marie Piot
- a Université de La Rochelle , Laboratoire de Génie Protéique et Cellulaire, Pôle Sciences et Technologies, Avenue Marillac, La Rochelle , 17042 , France
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34
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Sulimova GE, Azari MA, Rostamzadeh J, Mohammad Abadi MR, Lazebny OE. κ-casein gene (CSN3) allelic polymorphism in Russian cattle breeds and its information value as a genetic marker. RUSS J GENET+ 2007. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795407010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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35
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Fatty Acid Compositions and Physicochemical Properties of Feta Cheese Made from Bovine Milk. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2006. [DOI: 10.5187/jast.2006.48.4.611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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36
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Liu Y, Zhong W, Meng S, Kong J, Lu H, Yang P, Girault HH, Liu B. Assembly-Controlled Biocompatible Interface on a Microchip: Strategy to Highly Efficient Proteolysis. Chemistry 2006; 12:6585-91. [PMID: 16800018 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200501622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A biocompatible interface was constructed on a microchip by using the layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly of charged polysaccharides incorporating proteases for highly efficient proteolysis. The controlled assembly of natural polyelectrolytes and the enzyme-adsorption step were monitored by using a quartz-crystal microbalance and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Such a multilayer-assembled membrane provides a biocompatible interconnected network with high enzyme-loading capacity. The maximum digestion rate of the adsorbed trypsin in a microchannel was significantly accelerated to 1600 mM min(-1) microg(-1), compared with the tryptic digestion in solution. Based on the Langmuir isotherm model, the thermodynamic constant of adsorption K was calculated to be 1.6 x 10(5) M(-1) and the maximum adsorption loading Gammamax was 3.6 x 10(-6) mol m(-2), 30 times more than a monolayer of trypsin on the native surface. The tunable interface containing trypsin was employed to construct a microchip reactor for digestion of femtomoles of proteins and the produced peptides were analyzed by MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopy. The efficient on-chip proteolysis was obtained within a few seconds, and the identification of biological samples was feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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37
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38
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Kwon DN, Song H, Park JY, Lee SY, Cho SK, Kang SJ, Jang JS, Seo HG, Kim JH. Dynamic Control of Oligosaccharide Modification in the Mammary Gland: Linking Recombinant Human Erythropoietin. Transgenic Res 2006; 15:37-55. [PMID: 16475009 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-005-3519-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2005] [Accepted: 09/20/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed two transgenic mouse lines that secrete rhEPO in their milk to assess the dynamic control of N-linked oligosaccharides. Since pharmaceutically available epoetin alpha and beta are produced in CHO cells, we compared transgenic mammary gland-derived rhEPO to its CHO cell-derived counterpart. The major glycosyltransferases that determine the N-oligosaccharides patterns of rhEPO include N-acetylglycosaminyltransferase (GnT) and alpha1,3/4 fucosyltransferase (Fuc-TIV), GnT-III, -V and Fuc-TIV expression in the mouse mammary gland is significantly higher than that in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-derived cells, where the protein is not detectable. The data suggest that N-linked sugar chain patterns of recombinant glycoproteins, produced by the mammary gland differ, since GnT-III alters the sugar pattern extensively. In our experiments, rhEPO produced by the transgenic mice contains more tetra-acidic oligosaccharide structures than epoetin alpha derived from CHO cells, a rhEPO that is widely used therapeutically. Accordingly, we examined milk-derived rhEPO activity, both in vitro and in vivo. The rhEPO protein purified from the milk of mammary glands upregulates the EPO receptor-mediated expression of the STAT5 gene in MCF-7 cells in a dose-dependent manner, similar to the effects of epoetin alpha. Furthermore, direct injection of rhEPO into the mouse tail vein leads to an increase in the levels of blood components, such as red blood cells and platelets. In light of these findings, we suggest that the mammary glands of transgenic animals provide a sufficient environment to generate rhEPO with post-translational modifications for biopharmaceutical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deug-Nam Kwon
- Department of Dairy Science, Division of Applied Life Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 660-701, Chinju, GyeongNam, Korea
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39
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Murray B, Walsh D, FitzGerald R, Meisel H. ACE Inhibitory Peptides. NUTRACEUTICAL PROTEINS AND PEPTIDES IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2005. [DOI: 10.1201/9781420028836.sec3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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40
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Yokoyama H, Matsui I. A Novel Thermostable Membrane Protease Forming an Operon with a Stomatin Homolog from the Hyperthermophilic Archaebacterium Pyrococcus horikoshii. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:6588-94. [PMID: 15611110 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m411748200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane-bound proteases play several important roles in protein quality control and regulation. In the genome of the hyperthermophilic archaebacterium Pyrococcus horikoshii, the open reading frames PH1510 and PH1511 are homologous to the genes nfed (nodulation formation efficiency D) and stomatin, respectively, and probably form an operon. The nfed proteins are putative membrane proteins, and the N-terminal region shows homology to ClpP-type serine proteases. Stomatin is one of the major integral membrane proteins of human erythrocytes, and its absence is associated with the hemolytic anemia known as hereditary stomatocytosis. Thus, the N-terminal region of PH1510 (1510-N, residues 16-236) was expressed and purified. From activity staining and SDS-PAGE analysis using fluorescein isothiocyanate-casein, 1510-N was identified as a thermostable endo-type protease. From site-directed mutagenesis, the conserved Ser-97 and Lys-138 are involved in proteolysis and, therefore, PH1510 is probably a serine protease with a catalytic Ser-Lys dyad. The sites of cleavage by 1510-N are rich in hydrophobic residues. The site P1 (position -1 relative to the cleavage site) is mainly leucine. P4 and P4' are mainly hydrophobic residues. Interestingly, the 1510-N protease cleaves the C-terminal hydrophobic region of PH1511. From this result and the probability of an operon, PH1510 probably functions in cooperation with PH1511. It is hypothesized that the cleavage of the stomatin-homolog PH1511 by the PH1510 protease causes an ion channel to open.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideshi Yokoyama
- Biological Information Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
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42
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Tabb DL, Saraf A, Yates JR. GutenTag: high-throughput sequence tagging via an empirically derived fragmentation model. Anal Chem 2004; 75:6415-21. [PMID: 14640709 PMCID: PMC2915448 DOI: 10.1021/ac0347462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Shotgun proteomics is a powerful tool for identifying the protein content of complex mixtures via liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. The most widely used class of algorithms for analyzing mass spectra of peptides has been database search software such as SEQUEST. A new sequence tag database search algorithm, called GutenTag, makes it possible to identify peptides with unknown posttranslational modifications or sequence variations. This software automates the process of inferring partial sequence "tags" directly from the spectrum and efficiently examines a sequence database for peptides that match these tags. When multiple candidate sequences result from the database search, the software evaluates which is the best match by a rapid examination of spectral fragment ions. We compare GutenTag's accuracy to that of SEQUEST on a defined protein mixture, showing that both modified and unmodified peptides can be successfully identified by this approach. GutenTag analyzed 33,000 spectra from a human lens sample, identifying peptides that were missed in prior SEQUEST analysis due to sequence polymorphisms and posttranslational modifications. The software is available under license; visit http://fields.scripps.edu for information.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John R. Yates
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. . Fax: (858)784-8883
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Biziulevicius GA, Zukaite V, Normantiene T, Biziuleviciene G, Arestov IG. Non-specific immunity-enhancing effects of tryptic casein hydrolysate versus Fermosorb for treatment/prophylaxis of newborn calf colibacillosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 39:155-61. [PMID: 14625099 DOI: 10.1016/s0928-8244(03)00222-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The effects of treatment/prophylaxis of newborn calf colibacillosis with tryptic casein hydrolysate (TCH), recently shown to be a novel type of antimicrobial acting through stimulation of the microbial autolytic system, versus an authorized veterinary drug, Fermosorb, were evaluated. Both products showed similar high therapeutic and prophylactic efficacies, but hematological indices and daily weight gain of cured/protected animals were better with TCH. The differences in hemoglobin and hematocrit levels, total protein, gamma-globulin and sulfhydryl group quantities, bactericidal and lysozyme activities as well as daily weight gain at the end of treatment/prophylaxis were statistically significant (P<0.05-0.000005). Statistically significant differences (P<0.05-0.0005) in favor of TCH were also observed when bactericidal activity, total protein quantity of serum as well as daily weight gain of the animals were compared on the 90th day after birth. We conclude that TCH acts not only as an antimicrobial, but also as an immunostimulant (and growth promoter). The immunostimulatory activity of TCH most probably derives from a synergistic action of bioactive peptides encrypted in the preparation itself and the cell wall fragments resulting from microbial autolysis induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gediminas A Biziulevicius
- Immunomodulators Research Sector, Institute of Immunology, Vilnius University, 29 Moletu plentas, LT-2021, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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Minervini F, Algaron F, Rizzello CG, Fox PF, Monnet V, Gobbetti M. Angiotensin I-converting-enzyme-inhibitory and antibacterial peptides from Lactobacillus helveticus PR4 proteinase-hydrolyzed caseins of milk from six species. Appl Environ Microbiol 2003; 69:5297-305. [PMID: 12957917 PMCID: PMC194939 DOI: 10.1128/aem.69.9.5297-5305.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium caseinates prepared from bovine, sheep, goat, pig, buffalo or human milk were hydrolyzed by a partially purified proteinase of Lactobacillus helveticus PR4. Peptides in each hydrolysate were fractionated by reversed-phase fast-protein liquid chromatography. The fractions which showed the highest angiotensin I-converting-enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory or antibacterial activity were sequenced by mass spectrum and Edman degradation analyses. Various ACE-inhibitory peptides were found in the hydrolysates: the bovine alpha(S1)-casein (alpha(S1)-CN) 24-47 fragment (f24-47), f169-193, and beta-CN f58-76; ovine alpha(S1)-CN f1-6 and alpha(S2)-CN f182-185 and f186-188; caprine beta-CN f58-65 and alpha(S2)-CN f182-187; buffalo beta-CN f58-66; and a mixture of three tripeptides originating from human beta-CN. A mixture of peptides with a C-terminal sequence, Pro-Gly-Pro, was found in the most active fraction of the pig sodium caseinate hydrolysate. The highest ACE-inhibitory activity of some peptides corresponded to the concentration of the ACE inhibitor (S)-N-(1-[ethoxycarbonyl]-3-phenylpropyl)-ala-pro maleate (enalapril) of 49.253 micro g/ml (100 micro mol/liter). Several of the above sequences had features in common with other ACE-inhibitory peptides reported in the literature. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) of some of the crude peptide fractions was very low (16 to 100 micro g/ml). Some identified peptides were chemically synthesized, and the ACE-inhibitory activity and IC(50)s were confirmed. An antibacterial peptide corresponding to beta-CN f184-210 was identified in human sodium caseinate hydrolysate. It showed a very large spectrum of inhibition against gram-positive and -negative bacteria, including species of potential clinical interest, such as Enterococcus faecium, Bacillus megaterium, Escherichia coli, Listeria innocua, Salmonella spp., Yersinia enterocolitica, and Staphylococcus aureus. The MIC for E. coli F19 was ca. 50 micro g/ml. Once generated, the bioactive peptides were resistant to further degradation by proteinase of L. helveticus PR4 or by trypsin and chymotrypsin.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Minervini
- Dipartimento di Protezione delle Piante e Microbiologia Applicata, Facoltà di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Bari, Italy
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47
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Pihlanto A, Korhonen H. Bioactive peptides and proteins. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2003; 47:175-276. [PMID: 14639784 DOI: 10.1016/s1043-4526(03)47004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Pihlanto
- MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Food Research, 31600 Jokioinen, Finland
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48
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Rijnkels M. Multispecies comparison of the casein gene loci and evolution of casein gene family. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2002; 7:327-45. [PMID: 12751895 DOI: 10.1023/a:1022808918013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Caseins, the major milk proteins, are present in a genomic cluster spanning 250-350 kb. The divergence at the coding level between human, rodent, and cattle sequences is rather extensive for most of the genes in this region. Nevertheless, comparative analysis of genomic sequences harboring the casein gene cluster region of these species (with equal evolutionary distances 79-88 Myr) shows that the organization and orientation of the genes is highly conserved. The conserved gene structure indicates that the molecular diversity of the casein genes is achieved through variable use of exons in different species and high evolutionary divergence. Comparative analysis also revealed the presence within two species of uncharacterized casein family members and ruled out the previously held notion that another gene family, located in this region, is primate-specific. Several other new genes as well as conserved noncoding sequences with potential regulatory functions were identified. All genes identified in this region are, or are predicted to be, secreted proteins involved in mineral homeostasis, nutrition, and/or host defense, and are mostly expressed in the mammary and/or salivary glands. These observations suggest a possible common ancestry for the genes in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Rijnkels
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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49
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50
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Otani H, Watanabe T, Tashiro Y. Effects of bovine beta-casein (1-28) and its chemically synthesized partial fragments on proliferative responses and immunoglobulin production in mouse spleen cell cultures. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2001; 65:2489-95. [PMID: 11791723 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.65.2489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Effects of bovine beta-casein (1-28) having a phosphoserine-rich region (Glu14-SerP-Leu-SerP-SerP-SerP-Glu-Glu21) and its chemically synthesized partial fragments on proliferation of lymphocytes and immunoglobulin production were investigated in mouse spleen cell cultures. The parent fragment 1-28 and all fragments containing SerP-Leu-SerP and/or SerP-SerP-SerP had a significant mitogenic effect, stimulated proliferation of lymphocytes induced by lipopolysaccharide, phytohemagglutinin, or concanavalin A, and increased immunoglobulin (IgG + IgM + IgA) or IgA levels in the cell cultures. In contrast, dephosphorylated beta-casein (14-21) and SerP-SerP amide had hardly any immunoregulatory activity. On the other hand, SerP-Leu-SerP amide reacted little with antibodies specific to bovine beta-casein (1-28), but beta-casein (14-21), and SerP-SerP-SerP amide obviously reacted with the antibody. These results confirm that the immunoregulatory activity of casein phosphopeptides is attributable to SerP-X-SerP, which may well be available as a non-allergic food ingredient having an adjuvant activity for mucosal IgA responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Otani
- Integrated Department of Sciences of Functional Foods, Graduate School of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Kamiina-gun, Nagano-ken, Japan.
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