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Coertjens M, Coertjens PC, Tartaruga MP, Gorski T, Lima-Silva AE, Carminatti LJ, Beyer PO, de Almeida APV, Geremia JM, Peyré-Tartaruga LA, Kruel LFM. Energetic responses of head-out water immersion at different temperatures during post-exercise recovery and its consequence on anaerobic mechanical power. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:2813-2831. [PMID: 37393218 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05265-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE While exercise recovery may be beneficial from a physiological point of view, it may be detrimental to subsequent anaerobic performance. To investigate the energetic responses of water immersion at different temperatures during post-exercise recovery and its consequences on subsequent anaerobic performance, a randomized and controlled crossover experimental design was performed with 21 trained cyclists. METHOD Participants were assigned to receive three passive recovery strategies during 10 min after a Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT): control (CON: non-immersed condition), cold water immersion (CWI: 20 ℃), and hot water immersion (HWI: 40 ℃). Blood lactate, cardiorespiratory, and mechanical outcomes were measured during the WAnT and its recovery. Time constant (τ), asymptotic value, and area under the curve (AUC) were quantified for each physiologic parameter during recovery. After that, a second WAnT test and 10-min recovery were realized in the same session. RESULTS Regardless the water immersion temperature, water immersion increased [Formula: see text] (+ 18%), asymptote ([Formula: see text]+ 16%, [Formula: see text] + 13%, [Formula: see text] + 17%, HR + 16%) and AUC ([Formula: see text]+ 27%, [Formula: see text] + 18%, [Formula: see text] + 20%, HR + 25%), while decreased [Formula: see text] (- 33%). There was no influence of water immersion on blood lactate parameters. HWI improved the mean power output during the second WAnT (2.2%), while the CWI decreased 2.4% (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Independent of temperature, water immersion enhanced aerobic energy recovery without modifying blood lactate recovery. However, subsequent anaerobic performance was increased only during HWI and decreased during CWI. Despite higher than in other studies, 20 °C effectively triggered physiological and performance responses. Water immersion-induced physiological changes did not predict subsequent anaerobic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Coertjens
- School of Physiotherapy, Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Av. São Sebastião, 2819, Parnaíba, PI, CEP: 64202-020, Brazil.
- Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil.
- Exercise Research Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Patricia Chaves Coertjens
- School of Physiotherapy, Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Av. São Sebastião, 2819, Parnaíba, PI, CEP: 64202-020, Brazil
| | - Marcus Peikriszwili Tartaruga
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Energetics of the Human Movement, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste do Paraná, Guarapuava, PR, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Gorski
- Laboratory of Exercise and Health, ETH Zürich-Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Adriano Eduardo Lima-Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- The Human Performance Research Group, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Lorival José Carminatti
- Morpho-Functional Research Laboratory, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Paulo Otto Beyer
- Laboratory of Steam and Refrigeration, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Jeam Marcel Geremia
- Exercise Research Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Alexandre Peyré-Tartaruga
- Exercise Research Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Martins Kruel
- Exercise Research Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Schiffmann N, Schermann H, Mazgaoker S, Shaulov Y, Gabbay U, Epstein Y, Yanovich R. The Cardiovascular Reserve Index-A Noninvasive Clinical Insight Into Heat Intolerance. Clin J Sport Med 2021; 31:232-236. [PMID: 30585796 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000000712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To noninvasively explore the heat intolerance condition during exercise-heat stress by assessing cardiovascular (CV) performance. DESIGN Prospective study of participants undergoing a standard heat-tolerance test (HTT). SETTING Institutional study. PARTICIPANTS Ninety-five young males: 16 heat-intolerant (HI) and 79 heat-tolerant (HT). INTERVENTIONS Cardiovascular performance during an HTT was estimated by heart rate (HR) and blood pressure measurements. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The sensitivity of the cardiovascular reserve index (CVRI) and the dynamic heart rate reserve (dHRR) index to predict heat intolerance was compared. RESULTS A significant difference in the CV reserve during exercise-heat stress was exhibited between the HI and the HT groups. Starting at a similar level, the reduction in the CV reserve at HTT endpoint was much greater in the HI than the HT individuals (P < 0.0001), as depicted by both the CVRI and the dHRR. This result indicates a greater utilization of the CV reserve by HI individuals. The CVRI is likely to be better predictor of heat intolerance than the dHRR because the partial area under the curve in the high sensitivity (>90%) region of its receiver operating characteristic curve is higher (93.2 vs 76.8). CONCLUSIONS More than being a predictor, the CVRI may provide a new clinical insight into heat intolerance because it noninvasively characterizes the efficiency of an individual's thermoregulatory mechanism and hints that an impaired CV reserve might underlie heat intolerance. The CVRI provides a noninvasive measurement of thermoregulation, which has been long awaited to enable on-field studies and dynamic monitoring of heat-exposed task forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Schiffmann
- The Warrior Health Research Institute (WHRI) and the Institute of Military Physiology, Israel Defense Forces' Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Heller Institute of Medical Research, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Haggai Schermann
- The Warrior Health Research Institute (WHRI) and the Institute of Military Physiology, Israel Defense Forces' Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Heller Institute of Medical Research, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Savyon Mazgaoker
- The Warrior Health Research Institute (WHRI) and the Institute of Military Physiology, Israel Defense Forces' Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Heller Institute of Medical Research, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Yafim Shaulov
- The Warrior Health Research Institute (WHRI) and the Institute of Military Physiology, Israel Defense Forces' Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Heller Institute of Medical Research, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Uri Gabbay
- Quality Unit, Beilinson Medical Centre, Petah Tiqva, Israel ; and
| | - Yoram Epstein
- The Warrior Health Research Institute (WHRI) and the Institute of Military Physiology, Israel Defense Forces' Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ran Yanovich
- The Warrior Health Research Institute (WHRI) and the Institute of Military Physiology, Israel Defense Forces' Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Heller Institute of Medical Research, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
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Muller MD, Ryan EJ, Bellar DM, Kim CH, Blankfield RP, Muller SM, Glickman EL. The influence of interval versus continuous exercise on thermoregulation, torso hemodynamics, and finger dexterity in the cold. Eur J Appl Physiol 2010; 109:857-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-010-1416-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Fogarty A, Armstrong K, Gordon C, Groeller H, Woods B, Stocks J, Taylor N. Cardiovascular and thermal consequences of protective clothing: a comparison of clothed and unclothed states. ERGONOMICS 2004; 47:1073-1086. [PMID: 15370864 DOI: 10.1080/00140130410001686311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We have undertaken a laboratory-based examination of the cardiovascular and thermal impact of wearing thermal (heat) protective clothing during fatiguing exercise in the heat. Seven males completed semi-recumbent, intermittent cycling (39.6 degrees C, 45% relative humidity) wearing either protective clothing or shorts (control). Mean core and skin temperatures, cardiac frequency (f(c)), stroke volume (Q), cardiac output (Q), arterial pressure, forearm blood flow (Q(f)), plasma volume change, and sweat rates were measured. In the clothed trials, subjects experienced significantly shorter times to fatigue (52.5 vs. 58.9 min), at lower peak work rates (204.3 vs. 277.4 W), and with higher core (37.9 degrees vs. 37.5 degrees C) and mean skin temperatures (37.3 degrees vs. 36.9 degrees C). There was a significant interaction between time and clothing on f(c), such that, over time, the clothing effect became more powerful. Clothing had a significant main affect on Q, but not Q, indicating the higher Q was chronotropically driven. Despite a greater sweat loss when clothed (923.0 vs. 547.1 g.m(-2) x h(-1); P<0.05), Q(f) and plasma volume change remained equivalent. Protective clothing reduced exercise tolerance, but did not affect overall cardiovascular function, at the point of volitional fatigue. It was concluded that, during moderately heavy, semi-recumbent exercise under hot, dry conditions, the strain on the unclothed body was already high, such that the additional stress imparted by the clothing ensemble represented a negligible, further impact upon cardiovascular stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Fogarty
- Human Performance Laboratories Department of Biomedical Science University of Wollongong Australia
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Walsh J, Prpic R, Goodman C, Dawson B, Hung J. Thermoregulatory responses in post-coronary artery bypass surgery and healthy males during moderate exercise in warm and cool environments. JOURNAL OF CARDIOPULMONARY REHABILITATION 2002; 22:31-7. [PMID: 11839994 DOI: 10.1097/00008483-200201000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine and compare the thermoregulatory and hemodynamic responses to moderate intensity exercise (60% of peak oxygen consumption [.VO(2peak)]) in warm (35 degrees C, 45% relative humidity) and cool (18 degrees C, 65% relative humidity) environments in men who had previously undergone coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery and healthy control subjects, matched for age and body composition. METHODS Fourteen post-CABG men and 16 healthy control subjects were recruited and walked 40 minutes at a moderate intensity, in randomized order, in warm and cool environments (on separate days). Measures of heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, rating of perceived exertion, core (rectal)(T(c)) and mean skin temperatures (T(sk)), oxygen consumption (.VO(2peak)), sweat rate, and blood lactate were taken. RESULTS Both groups showed a larger increase (P <.05) in T(c) and rate-pressure product during exercise in the warm compared with the cool environment. However, T(c) and rate pressure product were significantly lower (P <.05), and systolic blood pressure decreased slightly with exercise duration (P <.05) in the CABG group compared with the control group in the warm environment. Heart rate, T(sk), percent .VO(2peak), blood lactate, sweat rate, and rating of perceived exertion did not differ significantly between the groups in either climate and no subject had ischemia or arrhythmia during test procedures. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that clinically stable men with revascularized coronary artery disease are able to cope as well as healthy controls with the thermoregulatory and cardiovascular demands of 40 minutes of moderate intensity exercise in warm and cool environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Walsh
- Department of Human Movement and Exercise Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009.
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