1
|
Chopra I, Storey C, Falla TJ, Pearce JH. Antibiotics, peptidoglycan synthesis and genomics: the chlamydial anomaly revisited. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 1998; 144 ( Pt 10):2673-2678. [PMID: 9802008 DOI: 10.1099/00221287-144-10-2673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Chopra
- Department of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Research Centre, University of LeedsLeeds LS2 9JTlUK
| | - Christopher Storey
- Department of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Research Centre, University of LeedsLeeds LS2 9JTlUK
| | - Timothy J Falla
- Department of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Research Centre, University of LeedsLeeds LS2 9JTlUK
| | - John H Pearce
- Microbial Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology Group, School of Biological Sciences, University of BirminghamBirmingham 815 21Tl UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
|
3
|
Rau H, Seydel U, Freudenberg M, Weckesser J, Mayer H. Lipopolysaccharide of Rhodospirillum salinarum 40: structural studies on the core and lipid A region. Arch Microbiol 1995; 164:280-9. [PMID: 7487334 DOI: 10.1007/bf02529962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The structural elucidation of lipid A of the cell wall lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Rhodospirillum salinarum 40 by chemical methods and laser desorption mass spectrometry revealed the presence of a mixed lipid A composed of three different 1,4'bisphosphorylated beta (1 --> 6)-linked backbone hexosaminyl-hexosamine disaccharides, i.e. those composed of GlcN --> GlcN, 2,3-diamino-2,3-dideoxy-D-Glc-(DAG --> DAG, and DAG --> GlcN. Lipid A of R. salinarum contained preferentially 3-OH-18:0 and 3-OH-14:0 as amide-linked and cis delta 11-18:1 and c19:0 as ester-linked fatty acids. The mass spectra of the liberated acyl-oxyacyl residues proved the concomitant presence of 3-O-(cis delta 11-18:1)-18:0 and 3-O-(c19:0)-14:0 as the predominating diesters in this mixed lipid A. The glycosidically linked and the ester-linked phosphate groups of the backbone disaccharide were neither substituted by ethanolamine, phosphorylethanolamine, nor by 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose, in contrast to most of the enterobacterial lipid As. In the core oligosaccharide fraction, a HexA (1 --> 4)HexA(1 --> 5)Kdo-trisaccharide was identified by methylation analysis. The terminal HexA (hexuronic acid) is possibly 4-OMe-GalA, a component described here as an LPS constituent for the first time. LPS of R. salinarum showed a lethality in C57BL/10 ScSN (LPS-responder)-mice) of an order of 10(-1)-10(-2) of that reported for Salmonella abortus equi LPS, and it was also capable of inducing TNF alpha and IL6 in macrophages of C57BL/10ScSN mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Rau
- Max-Planck-Institut für Immunbiologie, Freiburg i. Br., Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chemical composition of the lipopolysaccharides of Ectothiorhodospira shaposhnikovii, Ectothiorhodospira mobilis, and Ectothiorhodospira halophila. Arch Microbiol 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00276769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
5
|
Beck H, Hegeman GD, White D. Fatty acid and lipopolysaccharide analyses of threeHeliobacteriumspp. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1990. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1990.tb04235.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|
6
|
Pritzer M, Weckesser J, J�rgens UJ. Sheath and outer membrane components from the cyanobacterium Fischerella sp. PCC 7414. Arch Microbiol 1989. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00277533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
7
|
|
8
|
Jürgen U, Meissner J, Reichenbach H, Weckesser J. l-ornithine containing peptidoglycan-polysaccharide complex from the cell wall of the gliding bacterium Herpetosiphon aurantiacus. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1989. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1989.tb03480.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
|
9
|
Martin C, Codd GA, Siegelman HW, Weckesser J. Lipopolysaccharides and polysaccharides of the cell envelope of toxic Microcystis aeruginosa strains. Arch Microbiol 1989. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00447017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
10
|
Birk IM, Dierstein R, Kaiser I, Matern U, König WA, Krebber R, Weckesser J. Nontoxic and toxic oligopeptides with D-amino acids and unusual residues in Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806. Arch Microbiol 1989; 151:411-5. [PMID: 2500922 DOI: 10.1007/bf00416599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Toxic and nontoxic peptides were isolated from the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806 by a procedure including extraction of cells with water-saturated 1-butanol, chromatography of the extract on silica gel plates and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on Partisil-5. The toxin was shown to be only a minor constituent, being negatively charged and thus separable by electrophoresis, within the HPLC-purified fraction. It contained erythro-beta-methyl-D-Asp, D-Glu, D-Ala, L-Leu, and L-Arg known to be part of the Microcystis peptide-toxin with Mr 994. The major part of the HPLC-purified fraction was assigned, however, to a nontoxic peptide with a Mr of 956. Partial hydrolysis studies of the nontoxic peptide(s) revealed amino acid sequences composed of D-Glu, N-methyl-Phe, and 3,4-dehydro-Pro, aside from the common L-amino acids. Cyclic linkage in the nontoxic peptide(s) appears likely.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I M Birk
- Institut für Biologie II, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jürgens UJ, Burger-Wiersma T. Peptidoglycan-polysaccharide complex in the cell wall of the filamentous prochlorophyte Prochlorothrix hollandica. J Bacteriol 1989; 171:498-502. [PMID: 2914854 PMCID: PMC209614 DOI: 10.1128/jb.171.1.498-502.1989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A peptidoglycan-polysaccharide complex composed of N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylmuramic acid, muramic acid 6-phosphate, L-alanine, D-alanine, D-glutamic acid, meso-diaminopimelic acid, N-acetylmannosamine, mannose, galactose, glucose, and phosphate was isolated from cell walls of the filamentous prochlorophyte Prochlorothrix hollandica; this complex was similar in chemical composition and structure to that found in cyanobacteria. Peptide patterns of partial acid hydrolysates of the isolated peptidoglycan revealed an A1 gamma structure with direct cross-linkage (m-diaminopimelic acid-D-alanine) of the peptide side chains. The degree of cross-linkage (63%) was found to be in the range of values obtained for gram-positive bacteria and cyanobacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- U J Jürgens
- Institut für Biologie II, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg im Breisgau, Federal Republic of Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Br�utigam E, Fiedler F, Woitzik D, Flammann HT, Weckesser J. Capsule polysaccharide-protein-peptidoglycan complex in the cell envelope of Rhodobacter capsulatus. Arch Microbiol 1988. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00408251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
13
|
Meissner J, Krauss JH, Jürgens UJ, Weckesser J. Absence of a characteristic cell wall lipopolysaccharide in the phototrophic bacterium Chloroflexus aurantiacus. J Bacteriol 1988; 170:3213-6. [PMID: 3384807 PMCID: PMC211271 DOI: 10.1128/jb.170.7.3213-3216.1988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Two strains of the gliding phototrophic bacterium Chloroflexus aurantiacus were investigated for the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). With both strains, all fractions of hot phenol-water extracts and the extracted cell residues from whole cells or cell homogenates were found to be free from characteristic LPS constituents, such as 3-hydroxy fatty acids, 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate, heptoses, or O-chain sugars. Phenolchloroform-petroleum ether extracts were also free from precipitable LPS. A lipid A fraction could not be obtained, and there was no hint for glucosamine as a possible lipid A backbone amino sugar. Absence of LPS was confirmed by sodium deoxycholate gel electrophoresis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Meissner
- Institut für Biologie II, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg im Breisgau, Federal Republic of Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Meissner J, Pfennig N, Krauss JH, Mayer H, Weckesser J. Lipopolysaccharides of Thiocystis violacea, Thiocapsa pfennigii, and Chromatium tepidum, species of the family Chromatiaceae. J Bacteriol 1988; 170:3217-22. [PMID: 3384808 PMCID: PMC211272 DOI: 10.1128/jb.170.7.3217-3222.1988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of three species of purple sulfur bacteria (Chromatiaceae), Thiocystis violacea, Thiocapsa pfennigii, and the moderately thermophilic bacterium Chromatium tepidum, were isolated. The LPS of Thiocystis violacea and Chromatium tepidum contained typical O-specific sugars, indicating O-chains. Long O-chains were confirmed for these species by sodium deoxycholate gel electrophoresis of their LPS. Thiocapsa pfennigii, however, had short or no O-chains. The core region of the LPS of all three species comprised D-glycero-D-mannoheptose as the only heptose and 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate. The lipid A, obtained from the LPS by mild acid hydrolysis, contained glucosamine as the main amino sugar. Amide-bound 3-hydroxymyristic acid was the only hydroxy fatty acid. The main ester-bound fatty acid in all lipid A fractions was 12:0. Mannose and small amounts of 2,3-diamino-2,3-dideoxy-D-glucose were common constituents of the lipid A of the three Chromatiaceae species investigated. All lipid A fractions were essentially free of phosphate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Meissner
- Institut für Biologie II, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg im Breisgau, Federal Republic of Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
|
16
|
Mei�ner J, Borowiak D, Fischer U, Weckesse J. The lipopolysaccharide of the phototrophic bacterium Ectothiorhodospira vacuolata. Arch Microbiol 1988. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00422012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
17
|
Mei�ner J, Fischer U, Weckesser J. The lipopolysaccharide of the green sulfur bacterium Chlorobium vibrioforme f. thiosulfatophilum. Arch Microbiol 1987. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00425077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
18
|
Orinithine as a constituent of the peptidoglycan of Chloroflexus aurantiacus, diaminopimelic acid in that of Chlorobium vibrioforme f. thiosulfatophilum. Arch Microbiol 1987. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00429651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|