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Sogonov M, Schroers HJ, Gams W, Dijksterhuis J, Summerbell R. The hyphomyceteTeberdinia hygrophilagen. nov., sp. nov. and related anamorphs ofPseudeurotiumspecies. Mycologia 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15572536.2006.11832799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M.V. Sogonov
- Systematic Botany and Mycology Laboratory, USDA, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - H.-J. Schroers
- Plant Protection Department, Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | - R.C. Summerbell
- Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
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de Beer ZW, Duong TA, Wingfield MJ. The divorce of Sporothrix and Ophiostoma: solution to a problematic relationship. Stud Mycol 2016; 83:165-91. [PMID: 27616802 PMCID: PMC5007658 DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the causal agents of human sporotrichosis, Sporothrix schenckii, is the type species of the genus Sporothrix. During the course of the last century the asexual morphs of many Ophiostoma spp. have also been treated in Sporothrix. More recently several DNA-based studies have suggested that species of Sporothrix and Ophiostoma converge in what has become known as Ophiostoma s. lat. Were the one fungus one name principles adopted in the Melbourne Code to be applied to Ophiostoma s. lat., Sporothrix would have priority over Ophiostoma, resulting in more than 100 new combinations. The consequence would be name changes for several economically important tree pathogens including O. novo-ulmi. Alternatively, Ophiostoma could be conserved against Sporothrix, but this would necessitate changing the names of the important human pathogens in the group. In this study, we sought to resolve the phylogenetic relationship between Ophiostoma and Sporothrix. DNA sequences were determined for the ribosomal large subunit and internal transcribed spacer regions, as well as the beta-tubulin and calmodulin genes in 65 isolates. The results revealed Sporothrix as a well-supported monophyletic lineage including 51 taxa, distinct from Ophiostoma s. str. To facilitate future studies exploring species level resolution within Sporothrix, we defined six species complexes in the genus. These include the Pathogenic Clade containing the four human pathogens, together with the S. pallida-, S. candida-, S. inflata-, S. gossypina- and S. stenoceras complexes, which include environmental species mostly from soil, hardwoods and Protea infructescences. The description of Sporothrix is emended to include sexual morphs, and 26 new combinations. Two new names are also provided for species previously treated as Ophiostoma.
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Key Words
- Nomenclature
- One fungus one name
- S. aurorae (X.D. Zhou & M.J. Wingf.) Z.W. de Beer, T.A. Duong & M.J. Wingf.
- S. bragantina (Pfenning & Oberw.) Z.W. de Beer, T.A. Duong & M.J. Wingf.
- S. candida (Kamgan et al.) Z.W. de Beer, T.A. Duong & M.J. Wingf.
- S. cantabriensis (P. Romón et al.) Z.W. de Beer, T.A. Duong & M.J. Wingf.
- S. dentifunda (Aghayeva & M.J. Wingf.) Z.W. de Beer, T.A. Duong & M.J. Wingf.
- S. dombeyi Z.W. de Beer, T.A. Duong & M.J. Wingf.
- S. epigloea (Guerrero) Z.W. de Beer, T.A. Duong & M.J. Wingf.
- S. eucalyptigena (Barber & Crous) Z.W. de Beer, T.A. Duong & M.J. Wingf.
- S. eucastaneae (R.W. Davidson) Z.W. de Beer, T.A. Duong & M.J. Wingf.
- S. euskadiensis (P. Romón et al.) Z.W. de Beer, T.A. Duong & M.J. Wingf.
- S. fumea (Kamgan et al.) Z.W. de Beer, T.A. Duong & M.J. Wingf.
- S. fusiformis (Aghayeva & M.J. Wingf.) Z.W. de Beer, T.A. Duong & M.J. Wingf.
- S. gemella (Roets et al.) Z.W. de Beer, T.A. Duong & M.J. Wingf.
- S. gossypina (R.W. Davidson) Z.W. de Beer, T.A. Duong & M.J. Wingf.
- S. lunata (Aghayeva & M.J. Wingf.) Z.W. de Beer, T.A. Duong & M.J. Wingf.
- S. narcissi (Limber) Z.W. de Beer, T.A. Duong & M.J. Wingf.
- S. nebularis (P. Romón et al.) Z.W. de Beer, T.A. Duong & M.J. Wingf.
- S. nigrograna (Masuya) Z.W. de Beer, T.A. Duong & M.J. Wingf.
- S. palmiculminata (Roets et al.) Z.W. de Beer, T.A. Duong & M.J. Wingf.
- S. phasma (Roets et al.) Z.W. de Beer, T.A. Duong & M.J. Wingf.
- S. polyporicola (Constant. & Ryman) Z.W. de Beer, T.A. Duong & M.J. Wingf.
- S. prolifera (Kowalski & Butin) Z.W. de Beer, T.A. Duong & M.J. Wingf.
- S. protea-sedis (Roets et al.) Z.W. de Beer, T.A. Duong & M.J. Wingf.
- S. rossii Z.W. de Beer, T.A. Duong & M.J. Wingf
- S. stenoceras (Robak) Z.W. de Beer, T.A. Duong & M.J. Wingf.
- S. thermara (J.A. van der Linde et al.) Z.W. de Beer, T.A. Duong & M.J. Wingf.
- S. zambiensis (Roets et al.) Z.W. de Beer, T.A. Duong & M.J. Wingf.
- Sporothrix abietina (Marm. & Butin) Z.W. de Beer, T.A. Duong & M.J. Wingf.
- Sporothrix schenckii
- Sporotrichosis
- Taxonomy
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Affiliation(s)
- Z W de Beer
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Research Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - T A Duong
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Research Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - M J Wingfield
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Research Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
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Antropova AB, Bilanenko EN, Mokeeva VL, Chekunova LN, Kachalkin AV, Shtaer OV, Kamzolkina OV. Report of Quambalaria cyanescens in association with the birch (Betula pendula). Microbiology (Reading) 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261714050038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Abstract
Sporotrichosis, which is caused by the dimorphic fungus Sporothrix schenckii, is currently distributed throughout the world, especially in tropical and subtropical zones. Infection generally occurs by traumatic inoculation of soil, plants, and organic matter contaminated with the fungus. Certain leisure and occupational activities, such as floriculture, agriculture, mining, and wood exploitation, are traditionally associated with the mycosis. Zoonotic transmission has been described in isolated cases or in small outbreaks. Since the end of the 1990s there has been an epidemic of sporotrichosis associated with transmission by cats in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. More than 2,000 human cases and 3,000 animal cases have been reported. In humans, the lesions are usually restricted to the skin, subcutaneous cellular tissue, and adjacent lymphatic vessels. In cats, the disease can evolve with severe clinical manifestations and frequent systemic involvement. The gold standard for sporotrichosis diagnosis is culture. However, serological, histopathological, and molecular approaches have been recently adopted as auxiliary tools for the diagnosis of this mycotic infection. The first-choice treatment for both humans and cats is itraconazole.
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de Beer ZW, Begerow D, Bauer R, Pegg GS, Crous PW, Wingfield MJ. Phylogeny of the Quambalariaceae fam. nov., including important Eucalyptus pathogens in South Africa and Australia. Stud Mycol 2011; 55:289-98. [PMID: 18490987 PMCID: PMC2104727 DOI: 10.3114/sim.55.1.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Quambalaria consists of plant-pathogenic fungi causing disease on leaves and shoots of species of Eucalyptus and its close relative, Corymbia. The phylogenetic relationship of Quambalaria spp., previously classified in genera such as Sporothrix and Ramularia, has never been addressed. It has, however, been suggested that they belong to the basidiomycete orders Exobasidiales or Ustilaginales. The aim of this study was thus to consider the ordinal relationships of Q. eucalypti and Q. pitereka using ribosomal LSU sequences. Sequence data from the ITS nrDNA were used to determine the phylogenetic relationship of the two Quambalaria species together with Fugomyces (= Cerinosterus) cyanescens. In addition to sequence data, the ultrastructure of the septal pores of the species in question was compared. From the LSU sequence data it was concluded that Quambalaria spp. and F. cyanescens form a monophyletic clade in the Microstromatales, an order of the Ustilaginomycetes. Sequences from the ITS region confirmed that Q. pitereka and Q. eucalypti are distinct species. The ex-type isolate of F. cyanescens, together with another isolate from Eucalyptus in Australia, constitute a third species of Quambalaria, Q. cyanescens (de Hoog & G.A. de Vries) Z.W. de Beer, Begerow & R. Bauer comb. nov. Transmission electron-microscopic studies of the septal pores confirm that all three Quambalaria spp. have dolipores with swollen lips, which differ from other members of the Microstromatales (i.e. the Microstromataceae and Volvocisporiaceae) that have simple pores with more or less rounded pore lips. Based on their unique ultrastructural features and the monophyly of the three Quambalaria spp. in the Microstromatales, a new family, Quambalariaceae Z.W. de Beer, Begerow & R. Bauer fam. nov., is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Wilhelm de Beer
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
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Madrid H, Gené J, Cano J, Silvera C, Guarro J. Sporothrix brunneoviolacea and Sporothrix dimorphospora, two new members of the Ophiostoma stenoceras-Sporothrix schenckii complex. Mycologia 2010; 102:1193-203. [PMID: 20943519 DOI: 10.3852/09-320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Sporothrix inflata is a saprobic member of the Ophiostoma stenoceras-Sporothrix schenckii species complex, reported mainly from soil. Ophiostoma bragantinum, an ascomycete described from Brazil, has been proposed as its possible teleomorph. Previous studies revealed that Sporothrix inflata is phenotypically and genetically variable, suggesting the existence of cryptic species. During a continued survey on the biodiversity of microfungi from different countries, seven isolates morphologically similar to S. inflata were obtained from soil samples collected in Spain and USA. In this study their phenotypic features and phylogenetic relationships were assessed. DNA sequence data of two nuclear loci revealed that these isolates correspond to two unnamed clades in S. inflata s.l., one of which also included the type strain of Humicola dimorphospora, a species that traditionally has been considered a synonym of S. inflata. These two groups are proposed herein as Sporothrix brunneoviolacea sp. nov. and Sporothrix dimorphospora comb. nov. S. brunneoviolacea is characterized phenotypically by the production of a diffusible violet-brown pigment in culture and mostly globose, pigmented, lateral blastoconidia. On the other hand S. dimorphospora lacks diffusible pigments and shows mostly subglobose to obovoid pigmented lateral blastoconidia. In contrast to the type strain of S. inflata S. brunneoviolacea and S. dimorphospora assimilate raffinose. The phylogenetic analysis suggested that the proposed anamorph-teleomorph connection between S. inflata and O. bragantinum might not be correct.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Madrid
- Unitat de Microbiologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/ Sant Llorenc 21, 43201 Reus, Tarragona, Spain
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7
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Abstract
Fungal infections, especially those caused by opportunistic species, have become substantially more common in recent decades. Numerous species cause human infections, and several new human pathogens are discovered yearly. This situation has created an increasing interest in fungal taxonomy and has led to the development of new methods and approaches to fungal biosystematics which have promoted important practical advances in identification procedures. However, the significance of some data provided by the new approaches is still unclear, and results drawn from such studies may even increase nomenclatural confusion. Analyses of rRNA and rDNA sequences constitute an important complement of the morphological criteria needed to allow clinical fungi to be more easily identified and placed on a single phylogenetic tree. Most of the pathogenic fungi so far described belong to the kingdom Fungi; two belong to the kingdom Chromista. Within the Fungi, they are distributed in three phyla and in 15 orders (Pneumocystidales, Saccharomycetales, Dothideales, Sordariales, Onygenales, Eurotiales, Hypocreales, Ophiostomatales, Microascales, Tremellales, Poriales, Stereales, Agaricales, Schizophyllales, and Ustilaginales).
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Affiliation(s)
- J Guarro
- Unitat de Microbiologia, Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain.
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Yeasts associated with termites: a phenotypic and genotypic characterization and use of coevolution for dating evolutionary radiations in asco- and basidiomycetes. Syst Appl Microbiol 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0723-2020(96)80053-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Kurtzman CP, Robnett CJ. Molecular relationships among hyphal ascomycetous yeasts and yeastlike taxa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1139/b95-328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The circumscription of mycelial genera among the ascomycetous yeasts has been controversial because of widely different interpretations of the taxonomic significance of their phenotypic characters. Relationships among species assigned to mycelial genera were determined from extent of divergence in a ca. 600-nucleotide region near the 5′ end of the large subunit (26S) ribosomal DNA gene. Phylogenetic analyses showed that Stephanoascus is distinct from Zygoascus and that Blastobotrys, Sympodiomyces, and Arxula represent anamorphs of the Stephanoascus clade. The analyses demonstrated the following teleomorphic taxa to be congeneric: Ambrosiozyma/Hormoascus, Saccharomycopsis/Guilliermondella/Botryoascus/Arthroascus, Dipodascus/Galactomyces, and Eremothecium/Ashbya/Nematospora/Holleya. Species assigned to Dipodascus comprise two separate clades. New taxonomic combinations are proposed that reflect the phylogenetic relationships determined. Key words: mycelial yeasts, ribosomal rRNA/rDNA, molecular systematics.
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Giménez-Jurado G, Cidadão A, Beijn-Van der Waaij A. A Novel Heterothallic Ascomycetous Yeast Species: Stephanoascus smithiae, Teleomorph of Candida edax. Syst Appl Microbiol 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0723-2020(11)80014-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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11
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Guého E, Smith MT, de Hoog GS, Billon-Grand G, Christen R, Batenburg-van der Vegte WH. Contributions to a revision of the genus Trichosporon. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 1992; 61:289-316. [PMID: 1497334 DOI: 10.1007/bf00713938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The genus Trichosporon was revised using characters of morphology, ultrastructure, physiology, ubiquinone systems, mol% G + C of DNA, DNA/DNA reassociations and 26S ribosomal RNA partial sequences. A total of 101 strains was used, including all available type and authentic cultures of previously described taxa. Nineteen taxa could be distinguished, 15 of which having Q-9 coenzyme systems and 4 having Q-10. Sixteen previously described names were reduced to synonymy. One new species was described. The genus is characterized by the presence of arthroconidia. Few species possess further diagnostic morphological characters, such as the presence of appressoria, macroconidia or meristematic conidiation. The septa of two species were found to be non-perforate, while those of the remaining species contained dolipores at variable degrees of differentiation, with or without vesicular or tubular parenthesomes. All species were able to assimilate a large number of carbon compounds; visible CO2 production was absent. The genus was found to be fairly homogeneous on the basis of a phylogenetic analysis of partial 26S rRNA sequences, with the exception of T. pullulans which proved to be unrelated. Most taxa were found to occupy well-defined ecological niches. Within the group of taxa isolated from humans, a distinction could be made between those involved in systemic mycoses and those which mainly caused pubic or non-pubic white piedras, respectively. One species was consistently associated with animals, while others came mainly from soil or water. One species was mesophilic and another psychrophilic.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Guého
- Unité de Mycologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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12
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Abstract
Freeze-fracture electron microscopy of a pathogenic dimorphic fungus Sporothrix schenckii revealed planar views of cell structures corresponding to those described already on thin sections. In addition to the characteristic differences in cell wall thickness between conidia, yeast forms and filaments, variations in plasma membrane invaginations were found. In conidia the invaginations were short and abundant, while in yeast forms they were scarce and longer. The plasma membrane of the filaments was smooth without invaginations. No differences were found in the frequency of intramembrane particles among the three forms. In the region of the septal pore the particles were circularly arranged with a characteristic partitioning on the P and E fracture faces.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Svoboda
- Department of Biology, Medical Faculty, J. E. Purkynĕ University, Brno, Czechoslovakia
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Traquair JA, Shaw LA, Jarvis WR. Stephanoascus Farinosus, Teleomorph of Sporothrix Fungorum. Mycologia 1988. [DOI: 10.1080/00275514.1988.12025527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. A. Traquair
- Research Station, Agriculture Canada, Harrow, Ontario N0R 1G0, Canada
| | - L. A. Shaw
- Research Station, Agriculture Canada, Harrow, Ontario N0R 1G0, Canada
| | - W. R. Jarvis
- Research Station, Agriculture Canada, Harrow, Ontario N0R 1G0, Canada
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Smith MT. Zygoascus hellenicus gen. nov., sp. nov., the teleomorph of Candida hellenica (= C. inositophila = C. steatolytica). Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 1986; 52:25-37. [PMID: 3729369 DOI: 10.1007/bf00402684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The anamorphic yeast species Candida hellenica, C. inositophila and C. steatolytica were found to constitute haploid mating types of an undescribed, filamentous heterothallic Endomycete. The new genus Zygoascus is proposed for the teleomorph. Descriptions are given of the genus and type species, Z. hellenicus.
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de Hoog GS, Rantio-Lehtimäki AH, Smith MT. Blastobotrys, Sporothrix and Trichosporiella: generic delimitation, new species, and a Stephanoascus teleomorph. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 1985; 51:79-109. [PMID: 4039915 DOI: 10.1007/bf00444231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The morphological and physiological characters of the species of Blastobotrys, and of a number of similar species of Sporothrix, Trichosporiella and Candida were studied. Blastobotrys is defined as having mother cells (primary conidia) which form distinct, secondary conidia. Sporothrix has non-catenulate conidia, or the conidia are catenulate without marked differentiation of conidia of first and second order. Trichosporiella is delimited from Candida by a stronger coherence between hyphal cells, arthroconidia being absent. Four new Blastobotrys species are described, and two unnamed species; two new combinations are proposed in Trichosporiella. Related species in other genera are briefly discussed. A new Stephanoascus teleomorph is described in two strains originally identified as Sp. fungorum. Two diagnostic keys to the described taxa, using either morphological or physiological characters, are given.
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Weijman AC, de Hoog GS. Carbohydrate patterns and taxonomy of Sporothrix and Blastobotrys. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 1985; 51:111-20. [PMID: 4039912 DOI: 10.1007/bf00444232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Within the hyphomycete genus Sporothrix Hektoen & Perkins three distinct groups are recognized on the basis of carbohydrate patterns. In the first group, and in Blastobotrys Klopotek, mannose is predominant while xylose and rhamnose are absent; this suggests a relationship with the Ascoideaceae. A second group, comprising anamorphs of Ophiostomataceae, is characterized by the presence of rhamnose. A third group is characterized by the presence of xylose, indicating a basidiomycete affinity. Three sections are erected to accommodate these groups.
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