1
|
Brull A, Morales Rodriguez B, Bonne G, Muchir A, Bertrand AT. The Pathogenesis and Therapies of Striated Muscle Laminopathies. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1533. [PMID: 30425656 PMCID: PMC6218675 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) is a genetic condition characterized by early contractures, skeletal muscle weakness, and cardiomyopathy. During the last 20 years, various genetic approaches led to the identification of causal genes of EDMD and related disorders, all encoding nuclear envelope proteins. By their respective localization either at the inner nuclear membrane or the outer nuclear membrane, these proteins interact with each other and establish a connection between the nucleus and the cytoskeleton. Beside this physical link, these proteins are also involved in mechanotransduction, responding to environmental cues, such as increased tension of the cytoskeleton, by the activation or repression of specific sets of genes. This ability of cells to adapt to environmental conditions is altered in EDMD. Increased knowledge on the pathophysiology of EDMD has led to the development of drug or gene therapies that have been tested on mouse models. This review proposed an overview of the functions played by the different proteins involved in EDMD and related disorders and the current therapeutic approaches tested so far.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Brull
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Center of Research in Myology, UMRS 974, Paris, France
| | - Blanca Morales Rodriguez
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Center of Research in Myology, UMRS 974, Paris, France.,Sanofi R&D, Chilly Mazarin, France
| | - Gisèle Bonne
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Center of Research in Myology, UMRS 974, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Muchir
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Center of Research in Myology, UMRS 974, Paris, France
| | - Anne T Bertrand
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Center of Research in Myology, UMRS 974, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Broers JLV, Ramaekers FCS, Bonne G, Yaou RB, Hutchison CJ. Nuclear Lamins: Laminopathies and Their Role in Premature Ageing. Physiol Rev 2006; 86:967-1008. [PMID: 16816143 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00047.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 441] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that nuclear lamins are important proteins in maintaining cellular as well as nuclear integrity, and in maintaining chromatin organization in the nucleus. Moreover, there is growing evidence that lamins play a prominent role in transcriptional control. The family of laminopathies is a fast-growing group of diseases caused by abnormalities in the structure or processing of the lamin A/C ( LMNA) gene. Mutations or incorrect processing cause more than a dozen different inherited diseases, ranging from striated muscular diseases, via fat- and peripheral nerve cell diseases, to progeria. This broad spectrum of diseases can only be explained if the responsible A-type lamin proteins perform multiple functions in normal cells. This review gives an overview of current knowledge on lamin structure and function and all known diseases associated with LMNA abnormalities. Based on the knowledge of the different functions of A-type lamins and associated proteins, explanations for the observed phenotypes are postulated. It is concluded that lamins seem to be key players in, among others, controlling the process of cellular ageing, since disturbance in lamin protein structure gives rise to several forms of premature ageing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J L V Broers
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Maastricht, Research Institutes CARIM, GROW, and EURON, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Walter MC, Witt TN, Weigel BS, Reilich P, Richard P, Pongratz D, Bonne G, Wehnert MS, Lochmüller H. Deletion of the LMNA initiator codon leading to a neurogenic variant of autosomal dominant Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy. Neuromuscul Disord 2005; 15:40-4. [PMID: 15639119 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2004.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2004] [Revised: 09/17/2004] [Accepted: 09/21/2004] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the LMNA gene encoding the nuclear envelope protein, lamins A and C, have been associated with at least nine distinct disorders now called laminopathies, including Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy and Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2 disease. We identified a novel mutation in the 5' region of the LMNA gene -3del15, resulting in the loss of 15 nucleotides from -3 to +12, including the translation ATG initiator codon. The mutation segregates in a previously described family with a clinical phenotype that shared features of both Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy and Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2. Thus, the mutation with this unique phenotypical expression represents the first example for a link between the neurogenic and myogenic phenotypes and extends the clinical variability of laminopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maggie C Walter
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Gene Center and Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence in favour of the presence of human diseases caused by mutations in genes that encode the nuclear envelope proteins emerin and lamin A/C (lamin A and C are alternatively spliced variants of the same gene). Emerin deficiency results in X-linked Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD). Lamin A/C mutations cause the autosomal-dominant form of EDMD, limb-girdle muscular dystrophy with atrioventricular conduction disturbances (type 1B), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and Dunnigan-type familial partial lipodystrophy. In the targeted mouse model of lamin A gene deficiency, loss of lamin A/C is associated with mislocalization of emerin. Thus, one plausible pathomechanism for EDMD, limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 1B, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and familial partial lipodystrophy is the presence of specific abnormalities of the nuclear envelope. Therefore, a group of markedly heterogeneous disorders can be classified as 'nuclear envelopathies'. The present review summarizes recent findings on nuclear envelope proteins and diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Nagano
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Limb Contractures in Progressive Neuromuscular Disease and the Role of Stretching, Orthotics, and Surgery. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s1047-9651(18)30286-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
6
|
van der Kooi AJ, Ledderhof TM, de Voogt WG, Res CJ, Bouwsma G, Troost D, Busch HF, Becker AE, de Visser M. A newly recognized autosomal dominant limb girdle muscular dystrophy with cardiac involvement. Ann Neurol 1996; 39:636-42. [PMID: 8619549 DOI: 10.1002/ana.410390513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Sixty-five members of three families with limb girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) underwent neurological, cardiological, and ancillary investigations. Thirty-five individuals were diagnosed as having slowly progressive autosomal dominant LGMD. Symmetrical weakness started in the proximal lower limb muscles, and gradually upper limb muscles also became affected. Early contractures of the spine were absent. Contractures of elbows and Achilles tendons were either minimal or late. Serum creatine kinase activity was normal to moderately elevated. Electromyogram and muscle biopsy were consistent with a mild muscular dystrophy. Cardiological abnormalities, found in more than one-half the patients, included dysrhythmias and atrioventricular (AV) conduction disturbances presenting as bradycardia, syncopal attacks necessitating pacemaker implantation, and sudden cardiac death. There was a significant relation between the severity of AV conduction disturbances and age. In nearly all patients, neuromuscular symptomatology preceded cardiological involvement. The early recognition of this previously not described, autosomal dominant LGMD with life-threatening cardiac involvement offers an opportunity for therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A J van der Kooi
- Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wilhelmsen KC, Blake DM, Lynch T, Mabutas J, De Vera M, Neystat M, Bernstein M, Hirano M, Gilliam TC, Murphy PL, Sola MD, Bonilla E, Schotland DL, Hays AP, Rowland LP. Chromosome 12-linked autosomal dominant scapuloperoneal muscular dystrophy. Ann Neurol 1996; 39:507-20. [PMID: 8619529 DOI: 10.1002/ana.410390413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Scapuloperoneal syndromes are characterized by their distribution of muscle weakness and wasting. The reported pattern of inheritance has been variable. Both neurogenic and myopathic forms of autosomally dominantly inherited scapuloperoneal syndrome have been described. It has been suggested that these are variants of other neuromuscular diseases. We examined 44 members from a family with 14 members affected with a scapuloperoneal syndrome. Physiological and histological analysis implied that this condition is predominantly myopathic. Linkage analysis was done to confirm the genetic etiology of the disease in this family and to evaluate the possibility that it is a allelic variant of other neuromuscular diseases. Genetic analysis demonstrated linkage of the disease to chromosome 12, which makes it genetically distinct from other loci known to cause neuromuscular disease. Muscle fibers with hyaline desmin-containing cytoplasmic inclusions in combination with focal myopathic changes may be a disease-specific morphological marker of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K C Wilhelmsen
- Neurologic Institute, Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rudenskaya GE, Ginter EK, Petrin AN, Djomina NA. Emery-Dreifuss syndrome: genetic and clinical varieties. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1994; 50:228-33. [PMID: 8042665 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320500304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Two familial and 2 sporadic cases of Emery-Dreifuss syndrome are reported. One family presented a rare autosomal dominant variant of Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, another with X-linked recessive inheritance showed unusual intrafamilial variability. One of sporadic cases closely resembled rigid spine syndrome, the other was clinically intermediate between Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy and rigid spine syndrome, showing that they are not distinct disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G E Rudenskaya
- Research Centre of Medical Genetics, Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 34-1992. A 19-year-old man with progressive proximal muscle weakness, contractures, and cardiac abnormalities. N Engl J Med 1992; 327:548-57. [PMID: 1635570 DOI: 10.1056/nejm199208203270809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
10
|
Orstavik KH, Kloster R, Lippestad C, Rode L, Hovig T, Fuglseth KN. Emery-Dreifuss syndrome in three generations of females, including identical twins. Clin Genet 1990; 38:447-51. [PMID: 2289317 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.1990.tb03611.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Emery-Dreifuss syndrome is characterized by early contractures, slowly progressing muscle wasting and cardiomyopathy, often presenting as heart block. The syndrome is usually inherited as an X-linked recessive. We present a family with four affected females in three generations, including a pair of identical twins. All patients developed elbow contractures, scoliosis, and stiffness of the spine and neck from the age of about 10, with little progression in later years. The proband developed cardiomyopathy at the age of 45, whereas her mother died at 41 without a confirmed diagnosis of cardiomyopathy. The twin daughters of the proband had no unequivocal signs of cardiomyopathy at the age of 21 years. Early recognition of this syndrome is important because of the possible development of heart block.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K H Orstavik
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ullevål Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy is characterised by the triad of (1) early contractures of the elbows, Achilles tendons, and postcervical muscles; (2) slowly progressive muscle wasting and weakness with a humeroperoneal distribution in the early stages; and (3) a cardiomyopathy usually presenting as heart block. The early recognition of the condition is essential because the insertion of a cardiac pacemaker can be life saving. The disorder is usually inherited as an X linked recessive trait (linked to DNA markers around Xq28). However, occasionally it can be inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and there is an indication that this and the X linked form may in some cases have a neurogenic basis. For these reasons it has recently been proposed that the appellation 'Emery-Dreifuss syndrome' be used for this triad of symptoms and signs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A E Emery
- Medical School, University of Edinburgh
| |
Collapse
|