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Borden D, Miller ET, Whitt GS, Nanney DL. ELECTROPHORETIC ANALYSIS OF EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS INTETRAHYMENA. Evolution 2017; 31:91-102. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1977.tb00986.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/1975] [Revised: 03/26/1976] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Borden
- Zoology Department; University of Illinois; Urbana Illinois 61801
| | - E. T. Miller
- Zoology Department; University of Illinois; Urbana Illinois 61801
| | - G. S. Whitt
- Zoology Department; University of Illinois; Urbana Illinois 61801
| | - D. L. Nanney
- Zoology Department; University of Illinois; Urbana Illinois 61801
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Insights into three whole-genome duplications gleaned from the Paramecium caudatum genome sequence. Genetics 2014; 197:1417-28. [PMID: 24840360 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.114.163287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Paramecium has long been a model eukaryote. The sequence of the Paramecium tetraurelia genome reveals a history of three successive whole-genome duplications (WGDs), and the sequences of P. biaurelia and P. sexaurelia suggest that these WGDs are shared by all members of the aurelia species complex. Here, we present the genome sequence of P. caudatum, a species closely related to the P. aurelia species group. P. caudatum shares only the most ancient of the three WGDs with the aurelia complex. We found that P. caudatum maintains twice as many paralogs from this early event as the P. aurelia species, suggesting that post-WGD gene retention is influenced by subsequent WGDs and supporting the importance of selection for dosage in gene retention. The availability of P. caudatum as an outgroup allows an expanded analysis of the aurelia intermediate and recent WGD events. Both the Guanine+Cytosine (GC) content and the expression level of preduplication genes are significant predictors of duplicate retention. We find widespread asymmetrical evolution among aurelia paralogs, which is likely caused by gradual pseudogenization rather than by neofunctionalization. Finally, cases of divergent resolution of intermediate WGD duplicates between aurelia species implicate this process acts as an ongoing reinforcement mechanism of reproductive isolation long after a WGD event.
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ALLEN SALLYLYMAN, NERAD THOMASA, RUSHFORD CAROLINEL. Comparison of the Esterases and Acid Phosphatases inParamecium multimicronucleatum, Syngens 1-5,P. jenningsi, P. caudatum, and theP. aureliaComplex1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1983.tb01049.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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ALLEN SALLYLYMAN, RUSHFORD CAROLINEL, NERAD THOMASA, LAU ELIZABETHT. Intraspecies Variability in the Esterases and Acid Phosphatases ofParamecium jenningsiandParamecium multimicronucleatum: Assignment of Unidentified Paramecia; Comparison with theP. aureliaComplex1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1983.tb01050.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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ALLEN SALLYLYMAN, ADAMS JULIAN, RUSHFORD CAROLINEL. Interspecies Relationships in theParamecium aureliaComplex: Acid Phosphatase Variation1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1983.tb01048.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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ALLEN SALLYLYMAN, NERAD THOMASA. Effect of Acetate on Esterase C Activity During the Growth Cycle ofParamecium*. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1978.tb04415.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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ALLEN SALLYLYMAN, NERAD THOMASA, RUSHFORD CAROLINEL. Intraspecies Variability in the Esterases and Acid Phosphatases of Four Species of theParamecium aureliaComplex1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1983.tb01047.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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ALLEN SALLYLYMAN, LAU ELIZABETHT, NERAD THOMASA, RUSHFORD CAROLINEL. Esterase Variants in Four Species of theParamecium aureliaComplex1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1982.tb01346.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hori M, Tomikawa I, Przyboś E, Fujishima M. Comparison of the evolutionary distances among syngens and sibling species of Paramecium. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2006; 38:697-704. [PMID: 16293424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2005.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2005] [Revised: 08/30/2005] [Accepted: 09/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The morphospecies of the genus Paramecium have several mating type groups, so-called syngens, composed of cells of complementary mating types. The Paramecium aurelia complex is composed of 15 sibling species assigned to the species from the syngen. To increase our understanding of the evolutionary relationships among syngen and sibling species of the genus Paramecium, we investigated the gene sequences of cytosol-type hsp70 from 7 syngens of Paramecium caudatum and 15 sibling species of P. aurelia. Molecular phylogenetic trees indicated that the P. aurelia complex could be divided into four lineages and separated into each sibling species. However, we did not find any obvious genetic distance among syngens of P. caudatum, and they could only be separated into two closely related groups. These results indicated that the concept of syngens in P. caudatum differs quite markedly from that of the P. aurelia complex. In addition, we also discuss the relationships among these species and other species, Paramecium jenningsi and Paramecium multimicronucleatum, which were once classified as varieties of P. aurelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Hori
- Biological Institute, Faculty of Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8512, Japan.
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Mollenbeck M. Genetic relationship of 32 cell lines of the Euplotes octocarinatus species complex revealed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting. Mol Ecol 1999. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-294x.1999.00774.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Hirai I, Usuki I, Ochiai T. Inter- and intrasyngenic variations of the hemoglobin components in Paramecium caudatum. THE JOURNAL OF PROTOZOOLOGY 1992; 39:636-9. [PMID: 1522547 DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1992.tb04863.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The ciliated protozoan Paramecium contains hemoglobin in heterogeneous monomeric forms. In particular, Paramecium caudatum is characterized by the presence of a major component called Hb10 and a basic component named bHb. We found that in P. caudatum both of these hemoglobin components show some variation according to stock. The types and distributions of these hemoglobin components were examined on 16 stocks in five different syngens and one stock in an unidentified syngen using high performance liquid chromatography. The results indicate that in a variety of stocks the major component, Hb10, was divided into three types, A, B or A + B, and that the basic hemoglobin component was composed of a combination of two or three variants out of four possible, i.e. bHb 1, bHb 2, bHb 3 and bHb 4. Neither the Hb10 types nor the bHb variants, however, could be used to distinguish syngen in P. caudatum, since all of the Hb10 types and bHb variants were widely distributed over syngens and identical profiles appeared to some stocks in different syngens.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Hirai
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, College of General Education, Niigata University, Japan
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Usuki I, Irie T. Inter- and intrasyngenic variation of Paramecium hemoglobin—I. Paramecium aurelia complex. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(83)90350-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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13
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Inter- and intrasyngenic variation of paramecium hemoglobin—II. Paramecium caudatum, paramecium jenningsi and Paramecium multimicronucleatum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(83)90351-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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ALLEN SALLYLYMAN, LAU ELIZABETHT, NERAD THOMASA, RUSHFORD CAROLINEL. Esterase Variants in Four Species of the Paramecium aurelia Complex. J Eukaryot Microbiol 1982. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1982.tb05450.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Agatsuma T, Tsukii Y. Genetic control of lactate dehydrogenase isozymes in Paramecium caudatum. Biochem Genet 1980; 18:77-85. [PMID: 7387623 DOI: 10.1007/bf00504361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The LDH isozymes were surveyed in bacterized cultures of syngens 1, 3, 12, and 13 of Paramecium caudatum by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. All the examined stocks of different syngens except one stock in syngen 3 had a single common LDH isozyme, and intra- and intersyngenic variation was not observed except for the one stock in syngen 3. Breeding data using the exceptional stock indicated that the LDH isozymes of P. caudatum are controlled by two codominant alleles at a single locus whose products aggregate randomly, forming a dimer.
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Tait A. Species identification in protozoa: glucosephosphate isomerase variation in the Paramecium aurelia group. Biochem Genet 1978; 16:945-55. [PMID: 743196 DOI: 10.1007/bf00483746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Results are presented for intra- and interspecies variation in electrophoretic mobility of the enzyme glucosephosphate isomerase in the Paramecium aurelia species complex. Three new observations have been made: (1) the hitherto indistinguishable species 1 and 5 can be distinguished on the basis of GPI electrophoretic mobility, (2) the degree of intraspecies variation is much higher for GPI than for the previously studied mitochondrial dehydrogenases and esterases, and (3) several of the enzymatic variants observed in one species are apparently indistinguishable from some found in other species. The intraspecies variants found have been shown to be allelic, and, on the basis of the enzyme patterns of the heterozygotes, it is proposed that GPI is a dimeric enzyme determined by two loci. In view of the use of enzyme variation as a means of species identification in protozoa, these results suggest that the use of such methods can lead to underestimating the number of species and possibly to misclassification. The implications of these findings together with the results obtained with Tetrahymena are discussed.
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Allen SL, Nerad TA. Method for the simultaneous establishment of many axenic cultures of Paramecium. THE JOURNAL OF PROTOZOOLOGY 1978; 25:134-9. [PMID: 660565 DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1978.tb03884.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A method is described for the simultaneous treatment of 42 (or more) stocks of Paramecium, and their adaptation to growth in axenic culture. Samples of dense cultures of these ciliates growing with Enterobacter aerogenes are rendered bacteria-free by migration through 2 sets of tubes containing Adaptation Medium (Peters' salts solution, stigmaterol, vitamins, and autoclaved E. aerogenes). The 2nd set of tubes contains Adaptation Medium plus antibiotics. Bacteria-free samples containing approximately 100 animals are then transferred to test tubes containing Adaptation Medium without antibiotics. This medium also serves as a growth medium. It supports indefinite growth of all Paramecium stocks tested. After adaptation to this medium, the ciliattes can be grown in the axenic medium developed by Soldo, Godoy & van Wagtendonk. On a single trial at least half of the stocks can be expected to produce axenic cultures within 5 to 10 days by these procedures. The method has been applied successfully to several of the species of the Paramecium aurelia complex, to all syngens of Paramecium multimicronucleatum, to several stocks of Paramecium jenningsi, and to 1 stock of Paramecium caudatum and Paramecium calkinsi. A modification of the method also works for Didinium nasutum.
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Nanney DL. Molecules and morphologies: the perpetuation of pattern in the ciliated protozoa. THE JOURNAL OF PROTOZOOLOGY 1977; 24:27-35. [PMID: 405482 DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1977.tb05277.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Three apparently conflicting generalizations concerning the relationships between molecules and cell structure may be derived from studies on cellular patterning in the ciliates. (A) Cells with identical genes and molecular composition may have different hereditary patterns. (B) Genes, through their prescribed molecular derivatives, constrain the modes of pattern permutation and define the states of greatest stability. (C) Cells with identical hereditary patterns may have entirely different genes and molecular compostitons. These priniciples may be reconciled through the recognition that they are characteristically applicable over different time intervals. Hereditary differences within a clone and without related molecular differences (principle A) may persist for hundreds of cell generations, but they are resolved eventually within a constant environment (principle B) as the configuration of minimal free energy is approached. On an even longer time scale, molecular substitutions have occurred for many or most components of the cell, but these have been constrained by selective pressures on an ancient design (principle C) that disallow substitutions affecting certain form-function relations which have been elevated to an adaptive peak.
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Gardener PJ, Chance ML, Peters W. Biochemical taxonomy of Leishmania. ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY 1974. [DOI: 10.1080/00034983.1974.11686954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Genetic determination of esterases of syngens 1 and 8 in Paramecium aurelia. Heredity (Edinb) 1972. [DOI: 10.1038/hdy.1972.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Allen SL, Weremiuk SL. Intersyngenic variations in the esterases and acid phosphatases of Tetrahymena pyriformis. Biochem Genet 1971; 5:119-33. [PMID: 5562823 DOI: 10.1007/bf00485640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Allen SL, Byrne BC, Cronkite DL. Intersyngenic variations in the esterases of bacterized Paramecium aurelia. Biochem Genet 1971; 5:135-50. [PMID: 5562824 DOI: 10.1007/bf00485641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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