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Kitzenberg D, Colgan SP, Glover LE. Creatine kinase in ischemic and inflammatory disorders. Clin Transl Med 2016; 5:31. [PMID: 27527620 PMCID: PMC4987751 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-016-0114-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The creatine/phosphocreatine pathway plays a conserved and central role in energy metabolism. Compartmentalization of specific creatine kinase enzymes permits buffering of local high energy phosphates in a thermodynamically favorable manner, enabling both rapid energy storage and energy transfer within the cell. Augmentation of this metabolic pathway by nutritional creatine supplementation has been shown to elicit beneficial effects in a number of diverse pathologies, particularly those that incur tissue ischemia, hypoxia or oxidative stress. In these settings, creatine and phosphocreatine prevent depletion of intracellular ATP and internal acidification, enhance post-ischemic recovery of protein synthesis and promote free radical scavenging and stabilization of cellular membranes. The creatine kinase energy system is itself further regulated by hypoxic signaling, highlighting the existence of endogenous mechanisms in mammals that can enhance creatine metabolism during oxygen deprivation to promote tissue resolution and homeostasis. Here, we review recent insights into the creatine kinase pathway, and provide rationale for dietary creatine supplementation in human ischemic and inflammatory pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kitzenberg
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 East 19th Ave. MS B-146, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Sean P Colgan
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 East 19th Ave. MS B-146, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Louise E Glover
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 East 19th Ave. MS B-146, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA. .,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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Varma S, Eskin MNA, Bird R, Dolenko B, Raju J, Ijare OB, Bezabeh T. Potential of magnetic resonance spectroscopy in assessing the effect of fatty acids on inflammatory bowel disease in an animal model. Lipids 2010; 45:843-54. [PMID: 20721632 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-010-3455-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
People with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at risk for developing colorectal cancer, and this risk increases at a rate of 1% per year after 8-10 years of having the disease. Saturated and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been implicated in its causation. Conversely, omega-3 PUFAs may have the potential to confer therapeutic benefit. Since proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H MRS) combined with pattern recognition methods could be a valuable adjunct to histology, the objective of this study was to analyze the potential of (1)H MRS in assessing the effect of dietary fatty acids on colonic inflammation. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered one of the following dietary regimens for 2 weeks: low-fat corn oil (omega-6), high-fat corn oil (omega-6), high-fat flaxseed oil (omega-3) or high-fat beef tallow (saturated fatty acids). Half of the animals were fed 2% carrageenan to induce colonic inflammation similar to IBD. (1)H MRS and histology were performed on ex vivo colonic samples, and the (1)H MR spectra were analyzed using a statistical classification strategy (SCS). The histological and/or MRS studies revealed that different dietary fatty acids modulate colonic inflammation differently, with high-fat corn oil being the most inflammatory and high-fat flaxseed oil the least inflammatory. (1)H MRS is capable of identifying the biochemical changes in the colonic tissue as a result of inflammation, and when combined with SCS, this technique accurately differentiated the inflamed colonic mucosa based on the severity of the inflammation. This indicates that MRS could serve as a valuable adjunct to histology in accurately assessing colonic inflammation. Our data also suggest that both the type and the amount of fatty acids in the diet are critical in modulating IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Varma
- National Research Council Institute for Biodiagnostics, 435 Ellice Ave., Winnipeg, MB, R3B 1Y6, Canada
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Varma S, Bird R, Eskin M, Dolenko B, Raju J, Bezabeh T. Detection of inflammatory bowel disease by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) using an animal model. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2007; 4:24. [PMID: 18039383 PMCID: PMC2211293 DOI: 10.1186/1476-9255-4-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2007] [Accepted: 11/26/2007] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to analyze the potential of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) in diagnosing early inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHODS Thirty male Sprague Dawley rats were fed 2% carrageenan in their diet for either 1 or 2 weeks. 1H MRS was performed ex-vivo on colonic mucosal samples (n = 123) and the spectra were analyzed by a multivariate method of analysis. The results of the multivariate analysis were correlated with histological analysis performed using H & E stain for the presence of inflammation in the samples from each group. RESULTS Multivariate analysis classified the samples in their respective groups with an accuracy of 82%. Our region selection algorithm identified four regions in the spectra as being discriminatory. The metabolites assigned to these regions include creatine, phosphatidylcholine, the -CH2HC= group in fatty acyl chain, and the glycerol backbone of lipids. The differences in concentration of these metabolites in each group offer insight into the biochemical changes occurring during IBD and confer diagnostic potential to 1H MRS as a tool to study colonic inflammation in conjunction with biopsy. CONCLUSION 1H MRS is a sensitive tool to detect early colonic inflammation in an animal model of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Varma
- National Research Council Institute for Biodiagnostics, Winnipeg, Canada.
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Veksler VI, Kuznetsov AV, Anflous K, Mateo P, van Deursen J, Wieringa B, Ventura-Clapier R. Muscle creatine kinase-deficient mice. II. Cardiac and skeletal muscles exhibit tissue-specific adaptation of the mitochondrial function. J Biol Chem 1995; 270:19921-9. [PMID: 7650007 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.270.34.19921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional properties of in situ mitochondria and of mitochondrial creatine kinase were studied in saponin-skinned fibers taken from normal and M-creatine kinase-deficient mice. In control animals, apparent Km values of mitochondrial respiration for ADP in cardiac (ventricular) and slow-twitch (soleus) muscles (137 +/- 16 microM and 209 +/- 10 microM, respectively) were manyfold higher than that in fast-twitch (gastrocnemius) muscle (7.5 +/- 0.5 microM). Creatine substantially decreased the Km values only in cardiac and slow-twitch muscles (73 +/- 11 microM and 131 +/- 21 microM, respectively). As compared to control, in situ mitochondria in transgenic ventricular and slow-twitch muscles showed two times lower Km values for ADP, and the presence of creatine only slightly decreased the Km values. In mutant fast-twitch muscle, a decrease rather than increase in mitochondrial sensitivity to ADP occurred, but creatine still had no effect. Furthermore, in these muscles, relatively low oxidative capacity was considerably elevated. It is suggested that in the mutant mice, impairment of energy transport function in ventricular and slow-twitch muscles is compensated by a facilitation of adenine nucleotide transportation between mitochondria and cellular ATPases; in fast-twitch muscle, mainly energy buffering function is depressed, and that is overcome by an increase in energy-producing potential.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptation, Physiological
- Adenosine Diphosphate/pharmacology
- Adenylate Kinase/metabolism
- Animals
- Creatine Kinase/deficiency
- Creatine Kinase/genetics
- Female
- In Vitro Techniques
- Isoenzymes
- Kinetics
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mitochondria, Heart/drug effects
- Mitochondria, Heart/enzymology
- Mitochondria, Muscle/drug effects
- Mitochondria, Muscle/enzymology
- Models, Biological
- Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch/enzymology
- Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch/enzymology
- Muscle, Skeletal/enzymology
- Myocardium/enzymology
- Oxygen Consumption
- Tissue Distribution
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Affiliation(s)
- V I Veksler
- Laboratoire de Cardiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, CJF INSERM 92-11, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Sud, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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Wyss M, Smeitink J, Wevers RA, Wallimann T. Mitochondrial creatine kinase: a key enzyme of aerobic energy metabolism. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1992; 1102:119-66. [PMID: 1390823 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(92)90096-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Wyss
- Institute for Cell Biology, ETH Hönggerberg, Zürich, Switzerland
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Wegmann G, Zanolla E, Eppenberger HM, Wallimann T. In situ compartmentation of creatine kinase in intact sarcomeric muscle: the acto-myosin overlap zone as a molecular sieve. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 1992; 13:420-35. [PMID: 1401038 DOI: 10.1007/bf01738037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Creatine kinase isoenzymes (CK = ATP: creatine N-phosphoryl transferase, EC 2.7.3.2) were localized in situ in cryosections of intact sarcomeric muscle by immunocytochemical staining. Similar to cardiac muscle, spermatozoa and photoreceptor cells, mitochondrial-type CK (Mi-CK) localization in skeletal muscle was also restricted to mitochondria. Besides the well-documented localization of muscle-type (M-CK) at the M-line and at the sarcoplasmic reticulum, surprisingly, most of the sarcoplasmic M-CK was also highly compartmentalized and was mainly confined to the I-band. The localization of M-CK at the I-band coincided with that of adenylate kinase and aldolase. In intact muscle, the diffusion equilibrium decisively favours occupancy by all three enzymes of the I-band, with the acto-myosin overlap region of the A-band acting as a molecular sieve, excluding to a large extent all three enzymes from the acto-myosin overlap region. This indicates that in intact muscle, this region of the A-band may be less accessible in vivo to soluble, sarcoplasmic enzymes than thought before. If muscle were permeabilized by chemical skinning before fixation, I-band CK, as well as aldolase and adenylate kinase, were solubilized and disappeared from the myofibrils, but the fraction of M-CK which was specifically associated with the M-line remained bound to the myofibrils. Implications of these findings are discussed with respect to the functional coupling of I-band-CK with glycolysis, to the formation of large multienzyme complexes of glycolytic enzymes with CK and to the supply of energy for muscle contraction in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Wegmann
- Institute for Cell Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich
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Wallimann T, Wyss M, Brdiczka D, Nicolay K, Eppenberger HM. Intracellular compartmentation, structure and function of creatine kinase isoenzymes in tissues with high and fluctuating energy demands: the 'phosphocreatine circuit' for cellular energy homeostasis. Biochem J 1992; 281 ( Pt 1):21-40. [PMID: 1731757 PMCID: PMC1130636 DOI: 10.1042/bj2810021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1428] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Wallimann
- Institute for Cell Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich
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Huether G, Neuhoff V. Microelectrophoresis as a tool in enzyme histochemistry. THE HISTOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 1981; 13:207-25. [PMID: 7019163 DOI: 10.1007/bf01006880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Hagmann B, Giebel W. Enzymhistochemische Untersuchungen am Innenohr des Frosches (Rana temporaria). Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 1978. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00456303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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