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Al Yazidi L, Al Sinani S, Al Adawi B, Al Riyami M, Wali Y, Al Rawas A, Al Musalhi B, Meis JF, Al Housni S, Al-Harrasi A, Al Hatmi AMS. Disseminated Basidiobolomycosis Caused by Basidiobolus omanensis in a Child with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). Case Report and Literature Review. Mycopathologia 2024; 189:12. [PMID: 38231359 PMCID: PMC10794288 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-023-00820-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Basidiobolomycosis is an uncommon fungal infection caused by the genus Basidiobolus. In immunocompetent children, it usually causes cutaneous infection and rarely affects the gastrointestinal tract, and it is extremely rare for the disease to spread. The present study reports the first case of disseminated basidiobolomycosis caused by Basidiobolus omanensis in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who died as a result of uncontrolled infection and multi-organ failure despite surgical and antifungal therapy with L-AMB and voriconazole. A review of the literature yielded 76 cases, including the current case with the majority of which were reported as invasive gastrointestinal infection. The median age was 4 years (61 male and 15 female) and the majority of these children were from the Middle East (80%), specifically Saudi Arabia (45%). Most patients were treated with systemic antifungal agents (mostly itraconazole and amphotericin B). Surgical intervention was done in 25% of these patients and the death rate was 12%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Badriya Al Adawi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Marwa Al Riyami
- Department of Pathology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Yasser Wali
- Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | | | - Buthaina Al Musalhi
- Department of Family Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Jacques F Meis
- Center of Expertise in Mycology, Radboud University Medical Center, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Saif Al Housni
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Abdullah M S Al Hatmi
- Center of Expertise in Mycology, Radboud University Medical Center, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman.
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Bshabshe AA, Joseph MRP, Hakami AMA, Azraqi TA, Humayed SA, Hamid ME. Basidiobolus haptosporus-like fungus as a causal agent of gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis. Med Mycol 2020; 58:264-267. [PMID: 31111900 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myz046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Basidiobolus species were isolated from colonic biopsy samples of patients with gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis (GIB) in southern Saudi Arabia. Isolated fungi were initially identified using classical mycological tools and confirmed by sequence analysis of the large subunit ribosomal RNA gene. Phenotypic tests revealed zygomycete-like fungi which conform to those of Basidiobolus species. Five sequenced strains formed a monophyletic clade in the 28S ribosomal RNA gene phylogenetic tree. They shared 99.97% similarity with B. haptosporus and 99.97% with B. haptosporus var. minor, and relatively lower similarity with B. ranarum (99.925%). The study suggests a new and a serious causal agent of GIB related to Basidiobolus haptosporus. These isolates are not related to B. ranarum, which is commonly linked to this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Al Bshabshe
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Martin R P Joseph
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Al Hakami
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq Al Azraqi
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulieman Al Humayed
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed E Hamid
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Pezzani MD, Di Cristo V, Parravicini C, Sonzogni A, Tonello C, Franzetti M, Sollima S, Corbellino M, Galli M, Milazzo L, Antinori S. Gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis: An emerging mycosis difficult to diagnose but curable. Case report and review of the literature. Travel Med Infect Dis 2019; 31:101378. [PMID: 30660554 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis (GIB) is a rare mycosis affecting almost exclusively immunocompetent subjects. METHODS We describe a case of GIB caused by Basidiobolus ranarum in a 25-year-old Italian immunocompetent man resident in Ireland who presented a 2-month history of epigastric pain. Suspecting colon cancer he underwent a right hemicolectomy subsequently leading to a diagnosis of GIB by means of molecular biology. After surgery a 9-month therapy with itraconazole was employed with a good outcome. A review of medical literature regarding GIB cases published in the period 1964-2017 is presented. RESULTS One-hundred and two cases of GIB were included in this analysis. The disease was observed predominantly in male gender (74.5%) and children (41.2%). Abdominal pain was the single most common complaint (86.3%) followed by fever (40.2%) and evidence of an abdominal mass (30.4%). Peripheral blood eosinophilia was detected in 85.7% of cases. Most of the patients were diagnosed in Saudi Arabia (37.2%) followed by USA (21.6%) and Iran (20.6%). Surgery plus antifungal therapy was employed in the majority of patients (77.5%). An unfavourable outcome was documented globally in 18.6% of patients. CONCLUSIONS GIB seems to be an emerging intestinal mycosis among immunocompetent patients living in the Middle East and Arizona.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Diletta Pezzani
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milano, Italy
| | - Valentina Di Cristo
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milano, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Marco Franzetti
- III Division of Infectious Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Ospedale L Sacco, Milano, Italy
| | - Salvatore Sollima
- III Division of Infectious Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Ospedale L Sacco, Milano, Italy
| | - Mario Corbellino
- III Division of Infectious Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Ospedale L Sacco, Milano, Italy
| | - Massimo Galli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milano, Italy; III Division of Infectious Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Ospedale L Sacco, Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Milazzo
- III Division of Infectious Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Ospedale L Sacco, Milano, Italy
| | - Spinello Antinori
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milano, Italy; III Division of Infectious Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Ospedale L Sacco, Milano, Italy.
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Albaradi BA, Babiker AMI, Al-Qahtani HS. Successful treatment of gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis with voriconazole without surgical intervention. J Trop Pediatr 2014; 60:476-9. [PMID: 25213739 DOI: 10.1093/tropej/fmu047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Basidiobolomycosis is a rare disease due to fungus Basidiobolus ranarum, an environmental saprophyte that is found worldwide, though mainly reported in the tropical and subtropical regions. Basidiobolomycosis is an unusual fungal skin infection, rarely involves the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Most of the cases of paediatric GI basidiobolomycosis (GIB) were reported from the southern region of Saudi Arabia. We report an 11-year-old Saudi boy. He presented with a huge right lower quadrant abdominal mass and marked eosinophilia. Abdominal computed tomography scan revealed a large caecal mass. A biopsy was taken and it showed transmural granulomatous inflammation. A diagnosis of GIB was confirmed by specific features in histopathology. Most of the reported paediatric cases with GIB required adjuvant therapy of antifungal and surgical resection. In our case, treatment with voriconazole alone for 1 year was successful with complete recovery and with no recurrence after a year of discontinuing the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bandar A Albaradi
- Paediatric Department, Infectious diseases division, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia Paediatric Department, College of medicine, King Khalid University Hospital and King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amir M I Babiker
- Paediatric Department, College of medicine, King Khalid University Hospital and King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadi S Al-Qahtani
- Paediatric Department, Infectious diseases division, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Mendoza L, Vilela R, Voelz K, Ibrahim AS, Voigt K, Lee SC. Human Fungal Pathogens of Mucorales and Entomophthorales. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2014; 5:cshperspect.a019562. [PMID: 25377138 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a019562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, we have seen an increase in the number of immunocompromised cohorts as a result of infections and/or medical conditions, which has resulted in an increased incidence of fungal infections. Although rare, the incidence of infections caused by fungi belonging to basal fungal lineages is also continuously increasing. Basal fungal lineages diverged at an early point during the evolution of the fungal lineage, in which, in a simplified four-phylum fungal kingdom, Zygomycota and Chytridiomycota belong to the basal fungi, distinguishing them from Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Currently there are no known human infections caused by fungi in Chytridiomycota; only Zygomycotan fungi are known to infect humans. Hence, infections caused by zygomycetes have been called zygomycosis, and the term "zygomycosis" is often used as a synonym for "mucormycosis." In the four-phylum fungal kingdom system, Zygomycota is classified mainly based on morphology, including the ability to form coenocytic (aseptated) hyphae and zygospores (sexual spores). In the Zygomycota, there are 10 known orders, two of which, the Mucorales and Entomophthorales, contain species that can infect humans, and the infection has historically been known as zygomycosis. However, recent multilocus sequence typing analyses (the fungal tree of life [AFTOL] project) revealed that the Zygomycota forms not a monophyletic clade but instead a polyphyletic clade, whereas Ascomycota and Basidiomycota are monophyletic. Thus, the term "zygomycosis" needed to be further specified, resulting in the terms "mucormycosis" and "entomophthoramycosis." This review covers these two different types of fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonel Mendoza
- Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48424-1031 Biomedical Laboratory Diagnostics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48424-1031
| | - Raquel Vilela
- Biomedical Laboratory Diagnostics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48424-1031 Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Minas Gerais, CEP33400000 Belo Horizonte, Brazil Belo Horizonte Brazil; Superior Institute of Medicine (ISMD), Minas Gerais, CEP33400000 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Kerstin Voelz
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection & School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom The National Institute of Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom B15 2WB
| | - Ashraf S Ibrahim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, St. John's Cardiovascular Research Center, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502 David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Kerstin Voigt
- Jena Microbial Resource Collection, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology and University of Jena, Faculty of Biology and Pharmacy, Institute of Microbiology, Neugasse 25, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Soo Chan Lee
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
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El-Shabrawi MH, Kamal NM, Kaerger K, Voigt K. Diagnosis of gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis: a mini-review. Mycoses 2014; 57 Suppl 3:138-43. [PMID: 25186791 DOI: 10.1111/myc.12231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Basidiobolus ranarum (Entomophthoromycotina) very rarely affects the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. To date, reported paediatric GI basidiobolomycosis cases are 27 worldwide; 19 from Saudi Arabia and 8 from other parts of the world. Often these cases present a diagnostic dilemma, are prone to misdiagnosis and lack of disease confirmation by proper molecular methodologies. The fungal mass removed by surgery is usually sent for conciliar histopathology, isolation by fungal cultures and final molecular testing for basidiobolomycosis. The incidence of basidiobolomycoses, their predisposing factors and the molecular diagnosis of the fungus causing the disease in combination with a phylogenetic framework are reviewed.
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AlSaleem K, Al-Mehaidib A, Banemai M, bin-Hussain I, Faqih M, Al Mehmadi A. Gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis: mimicking Crohns disease case report and review of the literature. Ann Saudi Med 2013; 33:500-4. [PMID: 24188947 PMCID: PMC6074897 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2013.500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis (GIB) is an unusual fungal infection that manifests in the skin and rarely involves other systems. All of the few cases of GIB reported so far were diagnosed with difficulty, necessitating laparotomy and resection of the inflamed part of the bowel. We report a child with GIB who was successfully diagnosed endoscopically without surgical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid AlSaleem
- Khalid AlSaleem, Department of Pediatrics,, MBC 58 King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre,, PO Box 3354, Riyadh 11211,, Saudi Arabia, M: 966-505445487,
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Saadah OI, Farouq MF, Daajani NA, Kamal JS, Ghanem AT. Gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis in a child; an unusual fungal infection mimicking fistulising Crohn's disease. J Crohns Colitis 2012; 6:368-72. [PMID: 22405176 DOI: 10.1016/j.crohns.2011.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 10/22/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis is a rare disease caused by the fungus Basidiobolus ranarum. It has been reported in both children and adults. The disease mainly affects the colon and the small bowel; however, cases of the stomach, liver, pancreas, and renal system being affected have been reported. CASE REPORT A 2 year old boy presented with the following symptoms; abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, fever and palpable right iliac fossa mass. Laboratory investigations revealed elevated inflammatory markers and peripheral eosinophilia. Colonoscopy showed severely inflamed mucosa of the terminal ileum, cecum and ascending colon. CT scan of the abdomen demonstrated an inflammatory mass with wall thickening of the terminal ileum and the colon. Surgical exploration demonstrated retroperitoneal mass and inflamed terminal ileum, cecum and ascending colon. Upon laparotomy, multiple internal fistulas involving the bowel loops, the urinary bladder, the right ureter and the gallbladder were observed. Further investigations using histopathology of the resected diseased bowel showed extensive necrosis, multinucleated giant cells and numerous eosinophils and large fungal hyphae surrounded by strongly eosinophilic material were seen in the tissue suggestive of B. ranarum infection. The patient responded well to treatment with voriconazole. CONCLUSION Gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of every child presenting with abdominal pain, fever and palpable abdominal mass with peripheral eosinophilia. The presence of bowel inflammation and fistulas should not preclude such diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar I Saadah
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine & King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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Vikram HR, Smilack JD, Leighton JA, Crowell MD, De Petris G. Emergence of gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis in the United States, with a review of worldwide cases. Clin Infect Dis 2012; 54:1685-91. [PMID: 22441651 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cis250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, histopathology, management, and outcomes of gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis, an uncommon manifestation of infection caused by the fungus Basidiobolus ranarum. METHODS In this retrospective observational cohort study, cases of gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis in the United States were identified by reviewing medical records from Mayo Clinic Hospital (Phoenix, AZ) and contacting local infectious diseases specialists, pathologists, gastroenterologists, the Arizona Department of Health Services, health departments of adjacent states, the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. A comprehensive literature review identified additional cases worldwide. RESULTS Of 44 patients (mean age, 37 years [range, 2-81 years]) with gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis, most were from the United States (19 patients [43%], of whom 17 [89%] were from Arizona) or Saudi Arabia (11 [25%]). Most (28 [64%]) were previously healthy. Common chronic medical conditions among 15 patients (34%) were diabetes mellitus (8 patients [18%]) and gastric disorders (7 [16%]). Common findings were abdominal pain (37 patients [84%]) and a palpable abdominal mass (19 [43%]). Intraabdominal malignancy was the leading provisional diagnosis (19 patients [43%]). The large bowel was involved in 36 (82%), the small intestine in 16 (36%), and the liver or gallbladder in 13 (30%). Characteristic histopathologic findings were observed in 43 (98%). Eight patients (18%) died. Combined surgical intervention and antifungal therapy was the preferred treatment. CONCLUSIONS Gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis is an emerging invasive fungal infection in desert regions of the US Southwest. Clinical findings mimic malignancy and inflammatory bowel disease. Surgical excision and prolonged antifungal therapy are associated with favorable outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holenarasipur R Vikram
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic Hospital, 5777 E Mayo Blvd, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA.
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Gómez-Muñoz MT, Fernández-Barredo S, Martínez-Díaz RA, Pérez-Gracia MT, Ponce-Gordo F. Development of a specific polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of Basidiobolus. Mycologia 2011; 104:585-91. [PMID: 22075784 DOI: 10.3852/10-271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The etiology of chronic diarrhea is complex in humans and animals. It is always necessary to evaluate a list of differential diagnosis, including bacteria, protozoa and fungi. Basidiobolomycosis is a fungal disease reported sporadically worldwide, mainly caused by B. ranarum, a frequent organism found in soil or in the intestine and skin of lizards and frogs. It is an opportunistic pathogen that causes infections characterized by granulomatous lesions in the subcutaneous tissues as well as in the intestinal wall in humans and animals. In this work we have developed a PCR technique to differentiate Basidiobolus from other causes of intestinal disease in dogs and humans. To test the specificity of the PCR assay we included closely related organisms, common intestinal microbiota and pathogenic organisms, such as Aspergillus, Candida, Cryptosporidium, Escherichia, Giardia, Mucor, Proteus, Rhizopus and Salmonella. Pythium insidiosum, which cause clinically similar disease in dogs but require a different treatment. Only Basidiobolus was positive to the PCR assay.
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El-Shabrawi MHF, Kamal NM, Jouini R, Al-Harbi A, Voigt K, Al-Malki T. Gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis: an emerging fungal infection causing bowel perforation in a child. J Med Microbiol 2011; 60:1395-1402. [PMID: 21566088 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.028613-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Naglaa Mohamed Kamal
- Paediatric Department, Al Hada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia
- Paediatric Hepatology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Riyadh Jouini
- Paediatric Surgery, Al Hada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Al-Harbi
- Paediatric Department, Al Hada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kerstin Voigt
- University of Jena, School of Biology and Pharmacy, Institute of Microbiology, Jena, Germany
- Jena Microbial Resource Collection, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Jena, Germany
| | - Talal Al-Malki
- Quality and Development, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
- Paediatric Surgery, Al Hada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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El-Shabrawi MHF, Kamal NM. Gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis in children: an overlooked emerging infection? J Med Microbiol 2011; 60:871-880. [PMID: 21546558 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.028670-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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Basidiobolomycosis of the nose and face: a case report and a mini-review of unusual cases of basidiobolomycosis. Mycopathologia 2010; 170:165-8. [PMID: 20373026 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-010-9310-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2009] [Accepted: 03/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subcutaneous zygomycosis is a chronic infection caused by fungus of the order Entomophthorales. It can have varying presentations and presents in the nose and face area with gradually progressing subcutaneous swelling that may be difficult to diagnose unless a strong suspicion of fungal involvement is maintained. We present a case of subcutaneous zygomycosis in a 35-year-old male patient, resident of a North Indian state. The patient was diagnosed to be suffering from subcutaneous zygomycosis, the causative agent being Basidiobolus ranarum identified on culture and lactophenol cotton blue mount preparation. He responded well to treatment with Itraconazole and Terbinafine and is asymptomatic on follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Involvement of the nose and subcutaneous tissues of the face in Basidiobolomycosis is rare. The infection is more common in children, but the case presented here is an adult. Its occurrence in a native of North India is also uncommon. Previous studies have mostly reported good response to potassium iodide therapy. Our patient responded well to Itraconazole. The presentation can be a diagnostic dilemma if fungal smear and culture is not sought, so this rare entity should be kept in mind in cases of indolent infections of the nose and facial soft tissues.
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Riet-Correa F, Dantas AF, Azevedo EO, Simões SD, Silva SM, Vilela R, Mendoza L. Outbreaks of rhinofacial and rhinopharyngeal zygomycosis in sheep in Paraíba, northeastern Brazil. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2008. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2008000100005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Two outbreaks of zigomycosis with rhinofacial and two other with rhinopharyngeal lesions involving fungi with filamentous coaenocytic hyphae characteristic of entomoph-thoramycetous fungi are reported in the state of Paraíba, northeastern Brazil. One outbreak of rhinofacial zygomycosis occurred during the rainy season affecting 5 sheep. Another outbreak of the clinical form affected one out of 40 sheep during the dry season. Common clinical signs of the rhinofacial infection were bilateral serosanguineous nasal discharge with swelling of nostrils, upper lip, and the skin of the face. At necropsy the nasal mucosa showed dark brownish ulcerated areas which extended from the mucocutaneous region to 10cm inside the nasal vestibule. The mucosa of the hard palate was also ulcerated. The cutting surface of nostrils and palate showed a brownish or red spongeous tissue of friable consistency. One outbreak of rhinopharyngitis took place on an irrigated coconut farm; 7 out of 60 adult sheep were affected. Another outbreak affected a sheep in a flock of 80 during the dry season. Clinical signs as noisy respiration and dyspnoea due to mechanical blockage of the nasal cavities, swelling of the nostrils, and serosanguineous nasal discharge were observed. Six out of 8 sheep in this group showed exophthalmia, keratitis and unilateral corneal ulceration of the eye. The sheep either died of their infection or were euthanized after a clinical course of 7-30 days. At necropsy there was a dense yellow exudate in the nasopharyngeal area affecting the ethmoidal region, turbinate bones, paranasal sinuses, hard and soft palates, orbital cavity, pharynges, regional muscles and lymph nodes. Histopathologically both forms of the disease showed multifocal granulomas with an eosinophilic necrotic reaction (Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon) containing ribbon-type coenocytic hyphae with 7-30mum in diameter similar to hyphae of zygomycetous fungi, possibly Conidiobolus spp. Outbreaks of both forms of mycotic rhinitis are common in northeastern Brazil and in other regions of the country.
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Al Jarie A, Al-Mohsen I, Al Jumaah S, Al Hazmi M, Al Zamil F, Al Zahrani M, Al Modovar E, Al Dayel F, Al Arishii H, Shehrani D, Martins J, Al Mehaidib A, Rossi L, Olaiyan I, Le Quesne G, Al-Mazrou A. Pediatric gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2003; 22:1007-14. [PMID: 14614376 DOI: 10.1097/01.inf.0000095166.94823.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Basidiobolomycosisis an unusual fungal infection that manifests in the skin and rarely involves other systems including the gastrointestinal tract. We retrospectively reviewed records of six pediatric patients (< or =14 years of age) diagnosed with gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis from March 2000 to March 2002. Four patients came from the same region, suggesting environmental exposure. Basidiobolomycosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis in pediatric patients presenting with abdominal mass and eosinophilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Al Jarie
- Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Khan ZU, Khoursheed M, Makar R, Al-Waheeb S, Al-Bader I, Al-Muzaini A, Chandy R, Mustafa AS. Basidiobolus ranarum as an etiologic agent of gastrointestinal zygomycosis. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39:2360-3. [PMID: 11376094 PMCID: PMC88148 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.39.6.2360-2363.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Basidiobolus ranarum is a known cause of subcutaneous zygomycosis. Recently, its etiologic role in gastrointestinal infections has been increasingly recognized. While the clinical presentation of the subcutaneous disease is quite characteristic and the disease is easy to diagnose, gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis poses diagnostic difficulties; its clinical presentation is nonspecific, there are no identifiable risk factors, and all age groups are susceptible. The case of gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis described in the present report occurred in a 41-year-old Indian male who had a history of repair of a left inguinal hernia 2 years earlier and who is native to the southern part of India, where the subcutaneous form of the disease is indigenous. Diagnosis is based on the isolation of B. ranarum from cultures of urine and demonstration of broad, sparsely septate hyphal elements in histopathologic sections of the colon, with characteristic eosinophilic infiltration and the Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon. The titers of both immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM antibodies to locally produced antigen of the fungus were elevated. The patient failed to respond to 8 weeks of amphotericin B therapy, and the isolate was later found to be resistant to amphotericin B, itraconazole, fluconazole, and flucytosine but susceptible to ketoconazole and miconazole. One other noteworthy feature of the fungus was that the patient's serum showed raised levels of Th2-type cytokines (interleukins 4 and 10) and tumor necrosis factor alpha. The present report underscores the need to consider gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis in the differential diagnosis of inflammatory bowel diseases and suggests that, perhaps, more time should be invested in developing standardized serologic reagents that can be used as part of a less invasive means of diagnosis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z U Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait 13110.
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18
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Lyon GM, Smilack JD, Komatsu KK, Pasha TM, Leighton JA, Guarner J, Colby TV, Lindsley MD, Phelan M, Warnock DW, Hajjeh RA. Gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis in Arizona: clinical and epidemiological characteristics and review of the literature. Clin Infect Dis 2001; 32:1448-55. [PMID: 11317246 DOI: 10.1086/320161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2000] [Revised: 10/03/2000] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis (GIB) is an unusual fungal infection that is rarely reported in the medical literature. From April 1994 through May 1999, 7 cases of GIB occurred in Arizona, 4 from December 1998 through May 1999. We reviewed the clinical characteristics of the patients and conducted a case-control study to generate hypotheses about potential risk factors. All patients had histopathologic signs characteristic of basidiobolomycosis. Five patients were male (median age, 52 years; range, 37--59 years) and had a history of diabetes mellitus (in 3 patients), peptic ulcer disease (in 2), or pica (in 1). All patients underwent partial or complete surgical resection of the infected portions of their gastrointestinal tracts, and all received itraconazole postoperatively for a median of 10 months (range, 3--19 months). Potential risk factors included prior ranitidine use and longer residence in Arizona. GIB is a newly emerging infection that causes substantial morbidity and diagnostic confusion. Further studies are needed to better define its risk factors and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Lyon
- Mycotic Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
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19
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Abstract
The Zygomycetes represent relatively uncommon isolates in the clinical laboratory, reflecting either environmental contaminants or, less commonly, a clinical disease called zygomycosis. There are two orders of Zygomycetes containing organisms that cause human disease, the Mucorales and the Entomophthorales. The majority of human illness is caused by the Mucorales. While disease is most commonly linked to Rhizopus spp., other organisms are also associated with human infection, including Mucor, Rhizomucor, Absidia, Apophysomyces, Saksenaea, Cunninghamella, Cokeromyces, and Syncephalastrum spp. Although Mortierella spp. do cause disease in animals, there is no longer sufficient evidence to suggest that they are true human pathogens. The spores from these molds are transmitted by inhalation, via a variety of percutaneous routes, or by ingestion of spores. Human zygomycosis caused by the Mucorales generally occurs in immunocompromised hosts as opportunistic infections. Host risk factors include diabetes mellitus, neutropenia, sustained immunosuppressive therapy, chronic prednisone use, iron chelation therapy, broad-spectrum antibiotic use, severe malnutrition, and primary breakdown in the integrity of the cutaneous barrier such as trauma, surgical wounds, needle sticks, or burns. Zygomycosis occurs only rarely in immunocompetent hosts. The disease manifestations reflect the mode of transmission, with rhinocerebral and pulmonary diseases being the most common manifestations. Cutaneous, gastrointestinal, and allergic diseases are also seen. The Mucorales are associated with angioinvasive disease, often leading to thrombosis, infarction of involved tissues, and tissue destruction mediated by a number of fungal proteases, lipases, and mycotoxins. If the diagnosis is not made early, dissemination often occurs. Therapy, if it is to be effective, must be started early and requires combinations of antifungal drugs, surgical intervention, and reversal of the underlying risk factors. The Entomophthorales are closely related to the Mucorales on the basis of sexual growth by production of zygospores and by the production of coenocytic hyphae. Despite these similarities, the Entomophthorales and Mucorales have dramatically different gross morphologies, asexual reproductive characteristics, and disease manifestations. In comparison to the floccose aerial mycelium of the Mucorales, the Entomophthorales produce a compact, glabrous mycelium. The asexually produced spores of the Entomophthorales may be passively released or actively expelled into the environment. Human disease with these organisms occurs predominantly in tropical regions, with transmission occurring by implantation of spores via minor trauma such as insect bites or by inhalation of spores into the sinuses. Conidiobolus typically infects mucocutaneous sites to produce sinusitis disease, while Basidiobolus infections occur as subcutaneous mycosis of the trunk and extremities. The Entomophthorales are true pathogens, infecting primarily immunocompetent hosts. They generally do not invade blood vessels and rarely disseminate. Occasional cases of disseminated and angioinvasive disease have recently been described, primarily in immunocompromised patients, suggesting a possible emerging role for this organism as an opportunist.
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20
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Abstract
The Zygomycetes represent relatively uncommon isolates in the clinical laboratory, reflecting either environmental contaminants or, less commonly, a clinical disease called zygomycosis. There are two orders of Zygomycetes containing organisms that cause human disease, the Mucorales and the Entomophthorales. The majority of human illness is caused by the Mucorales. While disease is most commonly linked to Rhizopus spp., other organisms are also associated with human infection, including Mucor, Rhizomucor, Absidia, Apophysomyces, Saksenaea, Cunninghamella, Cokeromyces, and Syncephalastrum spp. Although Mortierella spp. do cause disease in animals, there is no longer sufficient evidence to suggest that they are true human pathogens. The spores from these molds are transmitted by inhalation, via a variety of percutaneous routes, or by ingestion of spores. Human zygomycosis caused by the Mucorales generally occurs in immunocompromised hosts as opportunistic infections. Host risk factors include diabetes mellitus, neutropenia, sustained immunosuppressive therapy, chronic prednisone use, iron chelation therapy, broad-spectrum antibiotic use, severe malnutrition, and primary breakdown in the integrity of the cutaneous barrier such as trauma, surgical wounds, needle sticks, or burns. Zygomycosis occurs only rarely in immunocompetent hosts. The disease manifestations reflect the mode of transmission, with rhinocerebral and pulmonary diseases being the most common manifestations. Cutaneous, gastrointestinal, and allergic diseases are also seen. The Mucorales are associated with angioinvasive disease, often leading to thrombosis, infarction of involved tissues, and tissue destruction mediated by a number of fungal proteases, lipases, and mycotoxins. If the diagnosis is not made early, dissemination often occurs. Therapy, if it is to be effective, must be started early and requires combinations of antifungal drugs, surgical intervention, and reversal of the underlying risk factors. The Entomophthorales are closely related to the Mucorales on the basis of sexual growth by production of zygospores and by the production of coenocytic hyphae. Despite these similarities, the Entomophthorales and Mucorales have dramatically different gross morphologies, asexual reproductive characteristics, and disease manifestations. In comparison to the floccose aerial mycelium of the Mucorales, the Entomophthorales produce a compact, glabrous mycelium. The asexually produced spores of the Entomophthorales may be passively released or actively expelled into the environment. Human disease with these organisms occurs predominantly in tropical regions, with transmission occurring by implantation of spores via minor trauma such as insect bites or by inhalation of spores into the sinuses. Conidiobolus typically infects mucocutaneous sites to produce sinusitis disease, while Basidiobolus infections occur as subcutaneous mycosis of the trunk and extremities. The Entomophthorales are true pathogens, infecting primarily immunocompetent hosts. They generally do not invade blood vessels and rarely disseminate. Occasional cases of disseminated and angioinvasive disease have recently been described, primarily in immunocompromised patients, suggesting a possible emerging role for this organism as an opportunist.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Ribes
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0084, USA.
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21
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Abstract
Zygomycosis due to Basidiobolus ranarum (entomophthoromycosis basidiobolae, subcutaneous zygomycosis, subcutaneous phycomycosis, basidiobolomycosis) is a granulomatous infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissues characterized by the formation of fluctuant firm and non-tender swellings, generally on the extremities, trunk and rarely other parts of the body. The causative agent is common in soil, decaying vegetable matter, and the gastrointestinal tracts of amphibians, reptiles, fish and bats. It is presumed that infection is acquired through exposure to B. ranarum following minor trauma to skin or insect bites. The disease usually occurs in children, less often in adolescents and rarely in adults. Males are much more frequently affected than females. Laboratory diagnosis is based on histopathology and culture. The typical histopathological feature is the presence of thin-walled, broad often aseptate hyphae or hyphal fragments with an eosinophilic sheath, frequently phagocytized within giant cells. Basidiobolus ranarum is known to produce several enzymes, e.g. lipase and protease that probably play roles in the pathogenesis of infections caused by this mould. An immunological test has been developed for specific diagnosis of the disease. Though potassium iodide (KI) has been the traditional drug employed in the treatment of infections by B. ranarum, several other drugs, viz amphotericin B, cotrimoxazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole and fluconazole have been successfully tried.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Gugnani
- Department of Medical Mycology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, India
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- A Polak
- Fa. Hoffmann-La Roche, Pharma Division, Preclinical Research, Basle, Switzerland
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23
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Abstract
This paper reports a case of entomophthoromycosis in a 40-year-old man who presented with an ulcerative wound and serosanguineous discharge after surgical removal of a fibrocystic mass. The serosanguineous discharge yielded Basidiobolus haptosporus, perhaps the first culture-proven case from a surgical wound.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sood
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Science AIIMS, New Delhi
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24
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Carvalho FA, de Macedo JL, Costa JN, Moraes MA. [Intestinal entomothoramycosis: report of a case]. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 1997; 30:65-8. [PMID: 9026834 DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86821997000100013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A case of intestinal entomophthoramycosis caused by Entomophthorales in a man with 19 years-old, farmer and without associated disease. The patient was submitted to a intestinal resection and diagnosis was carried through after analysis of the surgical specimen. After a review of the literature, the clinical evolution, clinico-pathologic features, difficulties in diagnosis and treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Carvalho
- Serviço de Cirurgia Geral do Hospital das Forças Armadas, Brasília, DF
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25
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26
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Abstract
Several subcutaneous and deep-seated mycoses are either observed more frequently in the tropical areas or are restricted to certain regions within the tropics. These mycoses include sporotichosis, chromoblastomycosis, entomophthoromycosis, eumycetoma, lobomycosis, and paracoccidioidomycosis. In sporotrichosis and paracoccidioidomycosis, therapy often results in either complete resolution or marked improvement. For decades sporotrichosis has been treated successfully with potassium iodide, but recently the triazole compounds, especially itraconazole, have proved effective and free of major side effects. The usual therapy for paracoccidioidomycosis is sulfonamides or amphotericin B; the former requires prolonged treatment, whereas the latter causes a significant degree of toxicity. Various azole derivatives (ketoconazole, fluconazole, saperconazole, and itraconazole) allow shorter treatment courses, can be given orally, and are more effective. Presently, itraconazole is the drug of choice. Chromoblastomycosis is a difficult condition to treat, especially if it is caused by Fonsecaea pedrosoi. Several therapeutic approaches have been used, including heat, surgery, cryotherapy, thiabendazole, amphotericin B combined with flucytosine, and azole derivatives, but their success has been modest. A 65% response rate has been obtained with itraconazole given for periods of 6 to 19 months; in limited trials, saperconazole appears to be more effective and requires shorter treatment courses. Only a few patients with eumycetoma respond to therapy; 70% of patients with Madurella mycetomatis respond to prolonged treatment with ketoconazole. Griseofulvin has been tried in nonresponders with partial success. Limited data in patients with Fusarium species eumycetoma indicate good responses to itraconazole. Eumycetoma caused by Pseudallescheria boydii or Acremonium species has been refractory to therapy. Therapy of entomophthoromycosis is also difficult because the diagnosis is usually established late and not all patients respond to therapy; this situation applies to infection caused by either Basidiobolus haptosporus or Conidiobolus coronatus. Although there is no consensus, African physicians prefer to use potassium iodide or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Isolated reports indicate that the azole derivatives, including the triazoles, may be effective. As for lobomycosis, all attempts at medical treatment have failed. Surgery is successful only when the lesion is small and can be fully resected; repeated cryotherapy appears to be more successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Restrepo
- Mycology Section, Corporacion para Investigaciones Biologicas, Hospital Pablo Tobon Uribe, Medellin, Colombia, South America
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27
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Davis SR, Ellis DH, Goldwater P, Dimitriou S, Byard R. First human culture-proven Australian case of entomophthoromycosis caused by Basidiobolus ranarum. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL AND VETERINARY MYCOLOGY : BI-MONTHLY PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR HUMAN AND ANIMAL MYCOLOGY 1994; 32:225-30. [PMID: 7965493 DOI: 10.1080/02681219480000291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The first human case of entomophthoromycosis caused by Basidiobolus ranarum in Australia is described. Upon first presentation this rare disease was not recognized, but microscopy of biopsy sections and identification of the fungal isolate allowed this condition to be identified. Treatment with fluconazole was successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Davis
- Department of Microbiology, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, Australia
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28
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Castro e Souza Filho LGD, Nico MMS, Salebian A, Heins-Vaccari EM, Castro LGMD, Sotto MN, Lacaz CDS, Martins JEC, Wu SLC, Cucé LC. Entomoftoromicose rinofacial por Conidiobolus coronatus: registro de um caso tratado com sucesso pelo fluconazol. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 1992. [DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46651992000500018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
É descrito um caso de entomoftoromicose rinofacial por Conidiobolus coronatus, em paciente procedente de São Paulo (Capital), tratado com sucesso pelo fluconazol, por via oral, através terapêutica prolongada. Dados histopatológicos e micológicos confirmaram o diagnóstico.
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29
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Groff JM, Mughannam A, McDowell TS, Wong A, Dykstra MJ, Frye FL, Hedrick RP. An epizootic of cutaneous zygomycosis in cultured dwarf African clawed frogs (Hymenochirus curtipes) due to Basidiobolus ranarum. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL AND VETERINARY MYCOLOGY : BI-MONTHLY PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR HUMAN AND ANIMAL MYCOLOGY 1991; 29:215-23. [PMID: 1941429 DOI: 10.1080/02681219180000331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Morbidity and mortality approaching 100% occurred in dwarf African clawed frogs (Hymenochirus curtipes) from a culture facility in central California. Moribund frogs exhibited preference for a terrestrial environment rather than their normal aquatic environment. Affected animals had a slight pallor of the integument but were otherwise grossly unremarkable. Microscopic examination revealed a fungal infection of the integument primarily characterized by the presence of surface and intra-epidermal conidia. Skin cultures of the infected animals yielded an organism identified as Basidiobolus ranarum, based on the formation of conidia in culture with internal cleavage to form sporangiospores. The organism was transmitted to healthy frogs by co-habitation with infected frogs but not by short-term immersion exposure of healthy frogs to homogenized broth cultures of the fungus. Benzalkonium chloride at 2.0 mg l-1 was efficacious in controlling the infection. Although Basidiobolus species are normally found in the intestinal tract of amphibians, the severity of this epizootic indicates that B. ranarum may be an important pathogen of amphibians reared in culture facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Groff
- Department of Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616
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30
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Bittencourt AL, de Andrade JA, de Carvalho EM. [Basidiobolomycosis. Report of a case with unusual aspects]. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 1987; 29:381-4. [PMID: 3454485 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46651987000600008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Registro de um caso de basidiobolomicose com lesões múltiplas, com aspecto pseudo-tumoral, em criança de 4 anos. Constitui o sexto caso descrito na América do Sul, com o isolamento do agente etiológico. O tratamento com iodeto de potássio foi coroado de sucesso.
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31
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Bittencourt AL, Barreto E, Neves RA, França C. [Mucocutaneous entomophthoromycosis. Presentation of a case with an atypical development]. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 1987; 20:119-22. [PMID: 3507738 DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86821987000200010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
E apresentado um caso de entomoftoromicose cutâneo-mucosa em paciente com 39 anos, tratado e considerado como curado eque cerca de dois anos depois teve recidiva associada à diabete. Apresentou então, além das lesões de mucosa nasal e pele, ulceração e perfuração do palato e, microscopicamente, uma maior freqüência de hifas, na ausência do fenômeno de Hóeppli-Splendore. Os autores comentam acerca do diagnóstico diferencial com a mucormicose.
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Schmidt JH, Howard RJ, Chen JL, Pierson KK. First culture-proven gastrointestinal entermophthoromycosis in the United States: a case report and review of the literature. Mycopathologia 1986; 95:101-4. [PMID: 3762659 DOI: 10.1007/bf00437168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The zygomycosis are fungal infections often occurring in compromised hosts. We report the first culture-proven case of a gastrointestinal infection in the United States by Basidiobolus haptosporus (ranarum). The clinical and histological features are noted in order to distinguish this infection from the more widely reported mucormycosis.
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34
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Kazanas N. Foodborne Sporothrix schenckii: infectivity for mice by intraperitoneal and intragastric inoculation with conidia. Mycopathologia 1986; 95:3-16. [PMID: 3762657 DOI: 10.1007/bf00436316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Experimental infections with a foodborne isolate of the fungus Sporothrix schenckii were administered to mice by intraperitoneal or intragastric injection and gavage. All injected mice showed evidence of systemic sporotrichosis. Granulomas were observed from day 3 to day 12 in the organs of neonates inoculated by injection; in mice infected by gavage, granulomas were observed only in those inoculated with 10(7) conidia. Susceptibility (based on cultural recovery) of the neonates to infections with 6 X 10(6) conidia of the fungus was 100% with intragastric injection, 91% with intraperitoneal injection, and 21 and 24% (2 X 10(7) conidia) with oral intubation. With both intragastric (59%) and intraperitoneal (25%) injections, more neonates died or were cannibalized by the mother than with intubation (14.5%). S. schenckii infected neonatal mice and caused illness by the oral route as well as by injection into the tissues or stomach. Adult mice, however, were susceptible to S. schenckii only by injection into the tissues, but not by gavage.
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35
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Kazanas N. Pathogenicity of a fungus resembling Wangiella dermatitidis isolated from edible mushrooms. Appl Environ Microbiol 1986; 51:261-7. [PMID: 3954342 PMCID: PMC238857 DOI: 10.1128/aem.51.2.261-267.1986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A fungus resembling the human pathogen Wangiella dermatitidis (Kano) McGinnis, a dematiaceous hyphomycete, was recovered from imported desiccated "black fungus" mushrooms (Auricularia polytrichia (Mont.) Sacc.), a food item popular in Far Eastern cuisine. Except for its conidia, which are mostly reniform to allantoid rather than ovoid as is characteristic for W. dermatitidis, and the undecided mode of conidiogenesis, the isolate closely resembles W. dermatitidis in gross and microscopic morphology, thermotolerance, and general and neurotrophic infectivity patterns in mice injected intraperitoneally. The foodborne isolate was also infective for infant mice inoculated by oral intubation. The systematic position of the isolate is still under investigation. There has been no previous report of W. dermatitidis or of a fungus resembling it occurring in or on foods or of the infectivity of a fungus for a mammalian host by oral intubation.
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37
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Migaki G, Toft JD, Schmidt RE. Disseminated entomophthoromycosis in a mandrill (Mandrillus sphinx). Vet Pathol 1982; 19:551-4. [PMID: 7147614 DOI: 10.1177/030098588201900510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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38
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Raja Babu KK. In vitro susceptibility of Basidiobolus haptosporus and other zygomycetes to ketoconazole. MYKOSEN 1982; 25:439-41. [PMID: 6290884 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.1982.tb01962.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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