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Structural characteristics of circulating immune complexes in calves with bronchopneumonia: Impact on the quiescent leukocytes. Res Vet Sci 2020; 133:63-74. [PMID: 32942254 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Calf bronchopneumonia is accompanied by increased level of circulating immune complexes (CIC), and we analysed size, and protein and lipid constituents of these CIC with an attempt to elucidate the connection between the CIC structural properties and their capacity to modulate leukocyte function. CIC of heathy calves (CICH) and calves with naturally occurring bronchopneumonia (CICD) were isolated by PEG precipitation and analysed by electrophoresis and chromatography. The predominant CIC proteins were IgG, albumin, and transferrin. Affinity isolated serum and CIC IgG coprecipitated several proteins, but only 75 and 80 kDa proteins bound CIC IgG, exclusively. 60 and 65 kDa proteins co-precipitated with CICD IgG, unlike CICH IgG. In both CICH and CICD, oleic acid-containing phospholipids predominated. In CICD, the content of oleic and vaccenic acid was higher than in CICH, while myristic, palmitic, stearic, linoleic and arachidonic acid showed lower content. Dynamic light scattering displayed difference in particle size distribution between CICH and CICD; 1280 nm large particles were present only in CICD. The effect of CICH and CICD on mononuclear cells (MNC) and granulocytes was analysed in vitro. CICH and CICD, with slight difference in intensity, stimulate MNC apoptosis, promote cell cycle arrest of unstimulated MNC, and cell cycle progression of PHA stimulated MNC. Both CIC reduced granulocyte apoptosis after 24 h while after 48 h this effect was detected for CICD only. These results indicate that structural differences of CICH and CICD might interfere with the CIC functional capacity, which we consider important for evaluation of CIC immunoregulatory function.
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Trypanosoma brucei transferrin receptor can bind C-lobe and N-lobe fragments of transferrin. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2012; 185:99-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2012.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Maier A, Steverding D. Expression and purification of non-glycosylated Trypanosoma brucei transferrin receptor in insect cells. Exp Parasitol 2008; 120:205-7. [PMID: 18680745 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2008.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2008] [Revised: 07/03/2008] [Accepted: 07/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The transferrin receptor of the parasite Trypanosoma brucei is a heterodimeric protein complex encoded by the 2 expression site-associated genes (ESAGs) 6 and 7. ESAG6 is a heterogeneously glycosylated protein of 50-60kDa modified by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor at the C-terminus, while ESAG7 is a 40-42kDa glycoprotein carrying an unmodified C-terminus. In order to determine whether glycosylation is necessary for dimer formation and ligand binding, the receptor was expressed in insect cells in the presence of tunicamycin. When insect cells were infected with recombinant ESAG6/ESAG7 double expressor baculovirus and grown in the presence of tunicamycin, non-glycosylated forms of ESAG6 and ESAG7 of 46 and 36kDa, respectively, were synthesized. The non-glycosylated ESAG6 and ESAG7 were capable of forming a heterodimer and of binding transferrin. This results shows that glycosylation is not necessary for synthesis of a functional T. brucei transferrin receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Maier
- Department of Parasitology, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Rioux MC, Carmona C, Acosta D, Ward B, Ndao M, Gibbs B, Bennett H, Spithill T. Discovery and validation of serum biomarkers expressed over the first twelve weeks of Fasciola hepatica infection in sheep. Int J Parasitol 2007; 38:123-36. [PMID: 17888928 PMCID: PMC7094367 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2007.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2007] [Revised: 07/26/2007] [Accepted: 07/30/2007] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Serum biomarkers associated with Fasciola hepatica infection of Corriedale sheep were analysed during the first 12 weeks of infection using surface-enhanced laser desorption ionisation time of flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF MS). In the discovery phase of analysis, pooled sera collected at week 0 and at each week p.i. to week 12 were fractionated by anion-exchange chromatography and the protein mass fingerprints obtained in individual fractions were in the M/z range 1.5-150 kDa. A total of 2302 protein clusters (peaks) were identified that varied between time-points following infection with peaks increasing or decreasing in intensity, or showing transient variation in intensity, during the 12 weeks of parasite challenge. In the validation phase, candidate biomarkers in sera of individual sheep at weeks 3 and 9 p.i. were analysed, identifying 100 protein peaks, many of which are small peptides <10 kDa in size: 54% of these peaks were up-regulated in intensity at week 3 or 9 p.i. Twenty-six biomarkers were chosen for further study, ranging in size from 1832 to 89,823 Da: six biomarkers were up-regulated at weeks 3 and 9 p.i., 16 biomarkers were up-regulated only at week 9 p.i. and four biomarkers were down-regulated at week 9 p.i. Two biomarkers up-regulated at week 9 were identified as transferrin (77.2 kDa) and Apolipoprotein A-IV (44.3 kDa), respectively. The results show that the interaction between the host and F. hepatica is complex, with changes in biomarker patterns beginning within 3 weeks of infection and either persisting to weeks 9-12 or showing transient changes during infection. Identification of biomarkers expressed during ovine fasciolosis may provide insights into mechanisms of pathogenesis and immunity to Fasciola and may assist in the rational development and delivery of vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.-C. Rioux
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, 21, 111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Que., Canada H9X 3V9
- Centre for Host–Parasite Interactions, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Que., Canada H9X 3V9
| | - C. Carmona
- Unidad de Biología Parasitaria, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Higiene, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - D. Acosta
- Unidad de Biología Parasitaria, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Higiene, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - B. Ward
- Centre for Host–Parasite Interactions, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Que., Canada H9X 3V9
- National Reference Centre for Parasitology, Montreal General Hospital Research Institute, Montreal, Que., Canada H3G 1A4
| | - M. Ndao
- Centre for Host–Parasite Interactions, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Que., Canada H9X 3V9
- National Reference Centre for Parasitology, Montreal General Hospital Research Institute, Montreal, Que., Canada H3G 1A4
| | - B.F. Gibbs
- Sheldon Biotechnology Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada H3A 2B4
| | - H.P. Bennett
- Sheldon Biotechnology Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada H3A 2B4
| | - T.W. Spithill
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, 21, 111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Que., Canada H9X 3V9
- Centre for Host–Parasite Interactions, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Que., Canada H9X 3V9
- School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
- Corresponding author. Address: Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, 21 111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Que., Canada H9X 3V9. Tel.: +1 514 398 8668; fax: +1 514 398 7857.
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Schell D, Borowy NK, Overath P. Transferrin is a growth factor for the bloodstream form of Trypanosoma brucei. Parasitol Res 1991; 77:558-60. [PMID: 1792224 DOI: 10.1007/bf00931012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A method for the selective depletion of transferrin from bovine serum is presented. Bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei cannot grow in medium containing transferrin-deficient serum, whereas reconstitution with transferrin restores normal growth. We conclude that transferrin is an essential growth factor for the mammalian stage of the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Schell
- Max-Planck-Institut für Biologie, Abteilung Membranbiochemie, Tübingen, Federal Republic of Germany
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Tsuji S, Sadamitsu Y, Goto N. Ultrathin-layer isoelectric focusing for bovine serum transferrin phenotyping. Biochem Genet 1989; 27:425-9. [PMID: 2619705 DOI: 10.1007/bf02399671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Tsuji
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Kobe University, Japan
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Tsuji S, Sadamitsu Y, Goto N. Ultrathin-layer isoelectric focusing for bovine serum transferrin phenotyping. Biochem Genet 1989. [DOI: 10.1007/pl00020586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
Bovine lactoferrin was prepared by CM-Sephadex column chromatography from defatted colostrum. When partially purified lactoferrin was analyzed by SDS-PAGE apparently two polypeptides of different size appeared. The polypeptides were transferred to a nitrocellulose sheet and visualized using antirabbit serum raised against the small polypeptide. Two polypeptides appeared clearly when stained by an immunological method. The color intensity of the two polypeptides was similar when the polypeptides were stained with Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250. A high similarity of cyanogen bromide cleavage patterns between the two polypeptides was also observed in those stained with dye and immunologically visualized. Therefore, it is suggested that these polypeptides are lactoferrins. Comparison of the peptide patterns of the two lactoferrin molecules being deglycosylated suggested that sugar moieties may be one, but not all, of the causes of the size heterogeneity in lactoferrin. These results suggest that bovine colostrum contains two lactoferrin molecules of different size, although the physiological significance of the heterogeneity is not yet known.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tsuji
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kobe University, Japan
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Rejman JJ, Hegarty HM, Hurley WL. Purification and characterization of bovine lactoferrin from secretions of the involuting mammary gland: identification of multiple molecular weight forms. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. B, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1989; 93:929-34. [PMID: 2805645 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(89)90068-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
1. Lactoferrin was isolated from bovine mammary secretions collected during the nonlactating period. 2. A method utilizing heparin-agarose affinity chromatography was more efficient for purifying lactoferrin than a method including gel filtration, ion exchange chromatography and a second gel filtration. 3. Analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrated that the purified lactoferrin was composed of two protein bands of apparent mol. wt. of 83,000 and 87,000. 4. Digestion with endoglycosidase H resolved the lactoferrin into two lower mol. wt. bands of 78,000 and 81,000. 5. The biochemical differences between the forms of lactoferrin are not exclusively due to differences in endoglycosidase H-sensitive oligosaccharide composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Rejman
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
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Ill CR, Brehm T, Lydersen BK, Hernandez R, Burnett KG. Species specificity of iron delivery in hybridomas. IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY : JOURNAL OF THE TISSUE CULTURE ASSOCIATION 1988; 24:413-9. [PMID: 3372446 DOI: 10.1007/bf02628492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Studies with Human X Human (H X H), Human X Mouse (H X M), and Mouse X Mouse (M X M) hybridomas have enabled us to define specific factors that affect hybridoma growth in a species-specific manner. Three transferrins and three lipophilic iron chelates have been tested for their ability to support hybridoma proliferation and antibody production. The results of these studies demonstrate that H X H hybridomas do not respond to bovine transferrin a+ concentrations up to 100 micrograms/ml and are approximately 100-fold less responsive to mouse transferrin than to human transferrin. H X M and M X M hybridomas respond equally to human or mouse transferrin but are 100-fold less sensitive to bovine transferrin. An antibody to the human transferrin receptor inhibited the growth-promoting activity of human or mouse transferrin on H X H hybridomas but was ineffective on H X M hybridomas. This demonstrated the functionality of the human transferrin receptor in H X H hybridomas and that human, mouse, and bovine transferrin were interacting through the mouse transferrin receptor in H X M hybridomas. H X H and H X M hybridomas respond similarly to three different iron chelates exhibiting 80 to 110% of the growth response to human transferrin. M X M hybridomas fail to respond to the iron chelates at similar concentrations, suggesting that the human genome present in the other hybridoma species confers a unique ability for utilizing iron when delivered in this form.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Ill
- Department of In Vitro Antibody Production, Hybritech, Inc., San Diego, California 92121
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Tsuji S, Kato H, Matsuoka Y, Fukushima T, Nanjoh I, Amano T, Namikawa T. Phylogenetical and ontogenetical studies on the molecular weight heterogeneity of bovine serum transferrin. Biochem Genet 1984; 22:1127-43. [PMID: 6529442 DOI: 10.1007/bf00499637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Antitransferrin (Tf) rabbit serum was highly specific: it reacted with Tfs of ruminants, such as European breeds and Zebu breeds of cattle, Bali cattle, banteng, swamp and river types of water buffalo, anoa, goat, sheep, deer, antelope, camel, and giraffe, but did not react with serum of other non-ruminant species, such as pig, wild boar, hippopotamus, horse, rabbit, rat, chicken, etc. Electrophoresis of Tf and immunoglobulin G (IgG) complexes was carried out using sodium dodecyl sulfate--polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Within ruminants, the following species showed two Tf molecules on SDS-PAGE; European and Zebu cattle, Bali cattle, banteng, two types of water buffalo, and two species of anoa. Other ruminants, sheep, goat, deer, antelope, camel, and giraffe, etc., showed only one Tf molecule. The Tf heterogeneity in molecular weight was, thus, restricted to Bos, Bubalus, and Anoa. The molecular weight of Tf of water buffalo was slightly larger than that of cattle on the gel. The peptide pattern from cyanogen bromide cleavage of Tf of the water buffalo differed clearly from that of cattle. Fetal Tf showed only one molecule during development, but a newborn calf has two Tf molecules, (one large and one small) within 18 hr after birth. We suggest, therefore, that the small molecules formed during the last month of gestation. The peptide patterns of adult and fetal Tfs cleaved by cyanogen bromide differed with regard to the two large peptides; fetal Tf, lacking the second-largest peptide, had twice the amount of the largest peptide compared with adult Tf. From these results, we suggest that a change in peptide sequence occurs from the last month of gestation, when the largest peptide is degraded to the second largest. However, a Tf-like protein detected in the liver microsomal fraction has only one molecular size, both in adult and in fetal livers.
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