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Pelícia V, Araujo P, Luiggi F, Stradiotti A, Denadai J, Sartori J, Pacheco P, Dornelas L, Silva E, Souza-Kruliski C, Pimenta G, Ducatti C. Estimation of the metabolic rate by assessing carbon-13 turnover in broiler tissues using the stable isotope technique. Livest Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2018.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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2
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McCue MD, Guzman RM, Passement CA, Davidowitz G. How and When Do Insects Rely on Endogenous Protein and Lipid Resources during Lethal Bouts of Starvation? A New Application for 13C-Breath testing. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140053. [PMID: 26465334 PMCID: PMC4605643 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Most of our understanding about the physiology of fasting and starvation comes from studies of vertebrates; however, for ethical reasons, studies that monitor vertebrates through the lethal endpoint are scant. Insects are convenient models to characterize the comparative strategies used to cope with starvation because they have diverse life histories and have evolved under the omnipresent challenge of food limitation. Moreover, we can study the physiology of starvation through its natural endpoint. In this study we raised populations of five species of insects (adult grasshoppers, crickets, cockroaches, and larval beetles and moths) on diets labeled with either 13C-palmitic acid or 13C-leucine to isotopically enrich the lipids or the proteins in their bodies, respectively. The insects were allowed to become postabsorptive and then starved. We periodically measured the δ13C of the exhaled breath to characterize how each species adjusted their reliance on endogenous lipids and proteins as energy sources. We found that starving insects employ a wide range of strategies for regulating lipid and protein oxidation. All of the insects except for the beetle larvae were capable of sharply reducing reliance on protein oxidation; however, this protein sparing strategy was usually unsustainable during the entire starvation period. All insects increased their reliance on lipid oxidation, but while some species (grasshoppers, cockroaches, and beetle larvae) were still relying extensively on lipids at the time of death, other species (crickets and moth larvae) allowed rates of lipid oxidation to return to prestarvation levels. Although lipids and proteins are critical metabolic fuels for both vertebrates and insects, insects apparently exhibit a much wider range of strategies for rationing these limited resources during starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marshall D. McCue
- St. Mary’s University, Department of Biological Sciences, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - R. Marena Guzman
- St. Mary’s University, Department of Biological Sciences, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Celeste A. Passement
- St. Mary’s University, Department of Biological Sciences, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Goggy Davidowitz
- University of Arizona, Department of Entomology, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
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Corriale MJ, Loponte D. Use of stable carbon isotope ratio for foraging behavior analysis of capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) from Esteros del Iberá, Argentina. Mamm Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mambio.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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4
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Linking aboveground and belowground food webs through carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analyses. Ecol Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11284-010-0719-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Food habits of sympatric termite species (Isoptera, Macrotermitinae) as determined by stable carbon isotope analysis in a Guinean savanna (Lamto, Côte d'Ivoire). JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266467400007343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTThe food habits of four hypogeous Macrotermitinae species were studied using stable carbon isotope analysis in several biotopes of a humid savanna of West Africa (Lamto, Côte d'Ivoire). The proportion of woody and herbaceous material in the diet of the different species was determined by measuring the 13C natural abundance in the fungus comb. The diet varied with season and biotope, especially tree density. The results confirm the flexibility of the food habits of the fungus-growing termites as a consequence of their exosymbiosis with the fungus Termitomyces sp.
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McCue M. Endogenous and Environmental Factors Influence the Dietary Fractionation of13C and15N in Hissing CockroachesGromphadorhina portentosa. Physiol Biochem Zool 2008; 81:14-24. [DOI: 10.1086/522901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Boutton TW, Arshad MA, Tieszen LL. Stable isotope analysis of termite food habits in East African grasslands. Oecologia 2004; 59:1-6. [PMID: 25024140 DOI: 10.1007/bf00388065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/1983] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Stable carbon isotope techniques were employed to study the food habits of the termite Macrotermes michaelseni (Isoptera: Termitidae) in a semiarid savanna habitat in Kenya. At Kajiado this species utilized approximately 70% herbaceous vegetation (mostly grass) and 30% woody vegetation, while at Ruiru approximately 64% of the vegetation utilized was woody and 36% herbaceous. Stabel carbon isotope ratios varied between castes within sites, but were consistent with the manner in which carbon flows through termite colonies. δ(13)C values increased in the sequence: diet→fungus comb→nonreproductive castes→reproductive castes. These results are in agreement with the idea that organic carbon becomes enriched in (13)C as it passes through a food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- T W Boutton
- Department of Biology, Augustana College, 57197, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
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Barbehenn RV, Karowe DN, Chen Z. Performance of a generalist grasshopper on a C3 and a C4 grass: compensation for the effects of elevated CO2 on plant nutritional quality. Oecologia 2004; 140:96-103. [PMID: 15069636 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-004-1555-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2003] [Accepted: 03/05/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The increasing CO2 concentration in Earth's atmosphere is expected to cause a greater decline in the nutritional quality of C3 than C4 plants. As a compensatory response, herbivorous insects may increase their feeding disproportionately on C3 plants. These hypotheses were tested by growing the grasses Lolium multiflorum C3) and Bouteloua curtipendula C4) at ambient (370 ppm) and elevated (740 ppm) CO2 levels in open top chambers in the field, and comparing the growth and digestive efficiencies of the generalist grasshopper Melanoplus sanguinipes on each of the four plant x CO2 treatment combinations. As expected, the nutritional quality of the C3 grass declined to a greater extent than did that of the C4 grass at elevated CO2; protein levels declined in the C3 grass, while levels of carbohydrates (sugar, fructan and starch) increased. However, M. sanguinipes did not significantly increase its consumption rate to compensate for the lower nutritional quality of the C3 grass grown under elevated CO2. Instead, these grasshoppers appear to use post-ingestive mechanisms to maintain their growth rates on the C3 grass under elevated CO2. Consumption rates of the C3 and C4 grasses were also similar, demonstrating a lack of compensatory feeding on the C4 grass. We also examined the relative efficiencies of nutrient utilization from a C3 and C4 grass by M. sanguinipes to test the basis for the C4 plant avoidance hypothesis. Contrary to this hypothesis, neither protein nor sugar was digested with a lower efficiency from the C4 grass than from the C3 grass. A novel finding of this study is that fructan, a potentially large carbohydrate source in C3 grasses, is utilized by grasshoppers. Based on the higher nutrient levels in the C3 grass and the better growth performance of M. sanguinipes on this grass at both CO2 levels, we conclude that C3 grasses are likely to remain better host plants than C4 grasses in future CO2 conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond V Barbehenn
- Departments of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology and Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1048, USA.
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Hyodo F, Tayasu I, Inoue T, Azuma JI, Kudo T, Abe T. Differential role of symbiotic fungi in lignin degradation and food provision for fungus-growing termites (Macrotermitinae: Isoptera). Funct Ecol 2003. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2435.2003.00718.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Gannes LZ, Martínez del Rio C, Koch P. Natural abundance variations in stable isotopes and their potential uses in animal physiological ecology. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 1998; 119:725-37. [PMID: 9683412 DOI: 10.1016/s1095-6433(98)01016-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chemical, biological, and physical processes lead to distinctive "isotopic signatures" in biological materials that allow tracing of the origins of organic substances. Isotopic variation has been extensively used by plant physiological ecologists and by paleontologists, and recently ecologists have adopted the use of stable isotopes to measure ecosystem patterns and processes. To date, animal physiological ecologists have made minimal use of naturally occurring stable isotopes as tracers. Here we provide a review of the current and potential uses of naturally occurring stable isotopes in animal physiological ecology. We outline the physical and biological processes that lead to variation in isotopic abundance in plants and animals. We summarize current uses in animal physiological ecology (diet reconstruction and animal movement patterns), and suggest areas of research where the use of stable isotopes can be fruitful (protein balance and turnover and the allocation of dietary nutrients). We argue that animal physiological ecologists can benefit from including the measurement of naturally occurring stable isotopes in their battery of techniques. We also argue that animal physiologists can make an important contribution to the emerging field of stable isotopes in biology by testing experimentally the plethora of assumptions upon which the techniques rely.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Z Gannes
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, NJ 08544-1003, USA.
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Will OH, Tieszen LL, Kellen M, Gerlach T. Stable carbon isotope discrimination in the smut fungusUstilago violacea. Mycology 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/0147-5975(86)90034-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Svejcar TJ, Boutton TW. The use of stable carbon isotope analysis in rooting studies. Oecologia 1985; 67:205-208. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00384284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/1985] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Heidorn T, Joern A. Differential herbivory on C3 versus C4 grasses by the grasshopper Ageneotettix deorum (Orthoptera: acrididae). Oecologia 1984; 65:19-25. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00384457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/1984] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Chemical basis for host selection byHemileuca oliviae. J Chem Ecol 1983; 9:1425-37. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00990748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/1982] [Revised: 12/27/1982] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Fractionation and turnover of stable carbon isotopes in animal tissues: Implications for ?13C analysis of diet. Oecologia 1983; 57:32-37. [PMID: 28310153 DOI: 10.1007/bf00379558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 674] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/1982] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Bennack DE. The effects of mandible morphology and photosynthetic pathway on selective herbivory in grasshoppers. Oecologia 1981; 51:281-283. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00540615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/1981] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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