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Xu W, Zhang W, Guang C, Zhang T, Mu W. A close look on the effect of polyethylene glycol on the levansucrase thermostability: a case study of Brenneria sp. levansucrase. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:6315-6323. [PMID: 31260112 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To increase the low residual activity of levansucrase during long-time processing, an enhancement of its weak thermostability is needed. Here, the effect of metal ions and polyethylene glycol (PEG) on the thermostability of levansucrase from Brenneria sp. EniD312 were studied and evaluated. The residual activity was determined and the protein structure was evaluated by circular dichroism spectrum, fluorescence intensity (FI), and surface hydrophobicity (S0 ). RESULTS As a result of incubation with 10% (w/v) PEG 4000, the enzyme activity was increased by 1.24-fold. After incubation with 5% PEG 4000 for 6 h, the residual activity at 35 and 45 °C was decreased to 55% and 60% of the initial activity, with an increase of 1.2- and 3.3-fold than the wild-type enzyme. Furthermore, the random coil content of enzyme was decreased from 53% of the wild-type enzyme to 33.9% of the PEG pre-incubated enzyme. Additionally, the FI was maximally increased and the S0 was decreased from 117 to 69. CONCLUSION All of these results suggested that after incubation with PEG 4000, the secondary and tertiary structure of wild-type enzyme could be greatly maintained and then its thermostability could be increased. This study was the first report on the enhancement of levansucrase thermostability by PEG incubation and might be a good guideline to other researches on levansucrase. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Cuie Guang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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2
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Salama BM, Helmy WA, Ragab TIM, Ali MM, Taie HAA, Esawy MA. Characterization of a new efficient low molecular weightBacillus subtilisNRC16levansucrase and its levan. J Basic Microbiol 2019; 59:1004-1015. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201900170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bassem M. Salama
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Pharmaceutical and drug Industry Division; National Research Centre; Giza Egypt
| | - Wafaa A. Helmy
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Pharmaceutical and drug Industry Division; National Research Centre; Giza Egypt
| | - Tamer I. M. Ragab
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Pharmaceutical and drug Industry Division; National Research Centre; Giza Egypt
| | - Mamdouh M. Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Division of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology; National Research Centre; Giza Egypt
| | - Hanan A. A. Taie
- Department of Plant Biochemistry; National Research Centre; Giza Egypt
| | - Mona A. Esawy
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Pharmaceutical and drug Industry Division; National Research Centre; Giza Egypt
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3
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Xu W, Ni D, Zhang W, Guang C, Zhang T, Mu W. Recent advances in Levansucrase and Inulosucrase: evolution, characteristics, and application. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:3630-3647. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1506421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dawei Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cuie Guang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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4
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Siddiqui N. Influence of Metal ions, Surfactants and Organic Solvents on the Catalytic Performance of Levansucrase from Zymomonas mobilis KIBGE-IB14. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.6000/1927-5129.2017.13.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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5
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Mena-Arizmendi A, Alderete J, Águila S, Marty A, Miranda-Molina A, López-Munguía A, Castillo E. Enzymatic fructosylation of aromatic and aliphatic alcohols by Bacillus subtilis levansucrase: Reactivity of acceptors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2011.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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6
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Mercuric Ion Stabilizes Levansucrase Secreted by Acetobacter nitrogenifigens Strain RG1T. Protein J 2011; 30:262-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s10930-011-9328-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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7
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Canedo M, Jimenez-Estrada M, Cassani J, López-munguía A. Production of Maltosylfructose (Erlose) with Levansucrase fromBacillus Subtilis. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/10242429909015223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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8
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Gonzalez-Muñoz F, Pérez-Oseguera A, Cassani J, Jiménez-Estrada M, Vazquez-Duhalt R, López-Munguía A. Enzymatic Synthesis of Fructosyl Glycerol. J Carbohydr Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/07328309908543995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Gonzalez-Muñoz
- a Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM , Apdo. Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca 62251, Morelos MÉXICO
- b Instituto de Química, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria , México 04510, D.F, MEXICO
| | - A. Pérez-Oseguera
- a Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM , Apdo. Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca 62251, Morelos MÉXICO
- b Instituto de Química, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria , México 04510, D.F, MEXICO
| | - J. Cassani
- a Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM , Apdo. Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca 62251, Morelos MÉXICO
- b Instituto de Química, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria , México 04510, D.F, MEXICO
| | - M. Jiménez-Estrada
- a Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM , Apdo. Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca 62251, Morelos MÉXICO
- b Instituto de Química, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria , México 04510, D.F, MEXICO
| | - R. Vazquez-Duhalt
- a Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM , Apdo. Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca 62251, Morelos MÉXICO
- b Instituto de Química, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria , México 04510, D.F, MEXICO
| | - A. López-Munguía
- a Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM , Apdo. Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca 62251, Morelos MÉXICO
- b Instituto de Química, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria , México 04510, D.F, MEXICO
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9
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Arsköld E, Svensson M, Grage H, Roos S, Rådström P, van Niel EWJ. Environmental influences on exopolysaccharide formation in Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 55730. Int J Food Microbiol 2007; 116:159-67. [PMID: 17316859 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2006.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2006] [Revised: 12/21/2006] [Accepted: 12/22/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus reuteri is known to produce exopolysaccharides (EPS), which have the potential to be used as an alternative biothickener in the food industry. In this study, the effect of several environmental conditions on the growth and EPS production in the L. reuteri strain ATCC 55730 was determined. The expression of the corresponding reuteransucrase gene, gtfO, was investigated over time and the results indicated that the expression increased with growth during the exponential phase and subsequently decreased in the stationary phase. Fermentation with glucose and/or sucrose as carbon and energy source revealed that gtfO was constitutively expressed and that the activity profile was independent of the sugar source. In the applied ranges of parameter values, temperature and pH were the most important factors for EPS formation and only temperature for growth. The best EPS yield, 1.4 g g(-1) CDW, was obtained at the conditions 37 degrees C, pH 4.5 and 100 g l(-1) sucrose, which were close to the estimated optimal conditions: pH 4.56 and 100 g l(-1) sucrose. No EPS formation could be detected with glucose. In addition, no direct connection between the expression and the activity of reuteransucrase could be established. Finally, the strain ATCC 55730 was benchmarked against 14 other L. reuteri strains with respect to EPS production from sucrose and abilities to metabolise sucrose, glucose and fructose. Eight strains were able to produce glucan and a corresponding glucansucrase gene was confirmed for each of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Arsköld
- Applied Microbiology, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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10
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Morales-Arrieta S, Rodríguez ME, Segovia L, López-Munguía A, Olvera-Carranza C. Identification and functional characterization of levS, a gene encoding for a levansucrase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides NRRL B-512 F. Gene 2006; 376:59-67. [PMID: 16632262 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2006.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2005] [Revised: 02/08/2006] [Accepted: 02/08/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A Leuconostoc mesenteroides NRRL B-512 F levansucrase gene, (levS), was isolated, sequenced and cloned in Escherichia coli. The recombinant enzyme was shown to be a fructosyltransferase producing a polymer identified by (13)C-NMR as levan. Based on sequence analysis, we found that this levansucrase is a mosaic protein, bearing structural features of glucosyltransferases in the amino and carboxy terminal regions similarly to inulosucrase from Leuconostoc citreum. The phylogenetic analysis of the C-terminal region domain of levansucrases from L. mesenteroides demonstrates that they group together into a novel putative sub-family of genes and evolved long before all other glucosyltransferases, while their catalytic domain structure is species related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Morales-Arrieta
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, Avenida Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62250, México
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11
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van Hijum SAFT, Kralj S, Ozimek LK, Dijkhuizen L, van Geel-Schutten IGH. Structure-function relationships of glucansucrase and fructansucrase enzymes from lactic acid bacteria. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2006; 70:157-76. [PMID: 16524921 PMCID: PMC1393251 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.70.1.157-176.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) employ sucrase-type enzymes to convert sucrose into homopolysaccharides consisting of either glucosyl units (glucans) or fructosyl units (fructans). The enzymes involved are labeled glucansucrases (GS) and fructansucrases (FS), respectively. The available molecular, biochemical, and structural information on sucrase genes and enzymes from various LAB and their fructan and alpha-glucan products is reviewed. The GS and FS enzymes are both glycoside hydrolase enzymes that act on the same substrate (sucrose) and catalyze (retaining) transglycosylation reactions that result in polysaccharide formation, but they possess completely different protein structures. GS enzymes (family GH70) are large multidomain proteins that occur exclusively in LAB. Their catalytic domain displays clear secondary-structure similarity with alpha-amylase enzymes (family GH13), with a predicted permuted (beta/alpha)(8) barrel structure for which detailed structural and mechanistic information is available. Emphasis now is on identification of residues and regions important for GS enzyme activity and product specificity (synthesis of alpha-glucans differing in glycosidic linkage type, degree and type of branching, glucan molecular mass, and solubility). FS enzymes (family GH68) occur in both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria and synthesize beta-fructan polymers with either beta-(2-->6) (inulin) or beta-(2-->1) (levan) glycosidic bonds. Recently, the first high-resolution three-dimensional structures have become available for FS (levansucrase) proteins, revealing a rare five-bladed beta-propeller structure with a deep, negatively charged central pocket. Although these structures have provided detailed mechanistic insights, the structural features in FS enzymes dictating the synthesis of either beta-(2-->6) or beta-(2-->1) linkages, degree and type of branching, and fructan molecular mass remain to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sacha A F T van Hijum
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 14, 9750 AA Haren, The Netherlands.
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12
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Castillo E, López-Munguía A. Synthesis of levan in water-miscible organic solvents. J Biotechnol 2004; 114:209-17. [PMID: 15464614 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2004.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2003] [Revised: 03/16/2004] [Accepted: 06/08/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of levan using a levansucrase from a strain of Bacillus subtilis was studied in the presence of the water-miscible solvents: acetone, acetonitrile and 2-methyl-2-propanol (2M2P). It was found that while the enzyme activity is only slightly affected by acetone and acetonitrile, 2M2P has an activating effect increasing the total activity 35% in 40-50% (v/v) 2M2P solutions at 30 degrees C. The enzyme is highly stable in water at 30 degrees C; however, incubation in the presence of 15 and 50% (v/v) 2M2P reduced the half-life time to 23.6 and 1.8 days, respectively. This effect is reversed in 83% 2M2P, where a half-life time of 11.8 days is observed. The presence of 2M2P in the system increases the transfer/hydrolysis ratio of levansucrase. As the reaction proceeds with 10% (w/v) sucrose in 50/50 water/2M2P sucrose is converted to levan and an aqueous two-phase system (2M2P/Levan) is formed and more sucrose can be added in a fed batch mode. It is shown that high molecular weight levan is obtained as an hydrogel and may be easily recovered from the reaction medium. However, when high initial sucrose concentrations (40% (w/v) in 50/50 water/2M2P) are used, an aqueous two-phase system (2M2P/sucrose) is induce, where the synthesized levan has a similar molecular weight distribution as in water and remains in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Castillo
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62271, Mexico
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van Hijum SAFT, Szalowska E, van der Maarel MJEC, Dijkhuizen L. Biochemical and molecular characterization of a levansucrase from Lactobacillus reuteri. Microbiology (Reading) 2004; 150:621-630. [PMID: 14993311 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.26671-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus reuteri strain 121 employs a fructosyltransferase (FTF) to synthesize a fructose polymer [a fructan of the levan type, with beta(2-->6) linkages] from sucrose or raffinose. Purification of this FTF (a levansucrase), and identification of peptide amino acid sequences, allowed isolation of the first Lactobacillus levansucrase gene (lev), encoding a protein (Lev) consisting of 804 amino acids. Lev showed highest similarity with an inulosucrase of L. reuteri 121 [Inu; producing an inulin polymer with beta(2-->1)-linked fructosyl units] and with FTFs from streptococci. Expression of lev in Escherichia coli resulted in an active FTF (Lev Delta 773His) that produced the same levan polymer [with only 2-3 % beta(2-->1-->6) branching points] as L. reuteri 121 cells grown on raffinose. The low degree of branching of the L. reuteri levan is very different from bacterial levans known up to now, such as that of Streptococcus salivarius, having up to 30 % branches. Although Lev is unusual in showing a higher hydrolysis than transferase activity, significant amounts of levan polymer are produced both in vivo and in vitro. Lev is strongly dependent on Ca(2+) ions for activity. Unique properties of L. reuteri Lev together with Inu are: (i) the presence of a C-terminal cell-wall-anchoring motif causing similar expression problems in Escherichia coli, (ii) a relatively high optimum temperature for activity for FTF enzymes, and (iii) at 50 degrees C, kinetics that are best described by the Hill equation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A F T van Hijum
- Department of Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, PO Box 14, 9750 AA Haren, The Netherlands
- Centre for Carbohydrate Bioengineering, TNO-RUG, University of Groningen, PO Box 14, 9750 AA Haren, The Netherlands
| | - E Szalowska
- Department of Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, PO Box 14, 9750 AA Haren, The Netherlands
- Centre for Carbohydrate Bioengineering, TNO-RUG, University of Groningen, PO Box 14, 9750 AA Haren, The Netherlands
| | - M J E C van der Maarel
- Innovative Ingredients and Products Department, TNO Nutrition and Food Research, Rouaanstraat 27, 9723 CC Groningen, The Netherlands
- Centre for Carbohydrate Bioengineering, TNO-RUG, University of Groningen, PO Box 14, 9750 AA Haren, The Netherlands
| | - L Dijkhuizen
- Department of Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, PO Box 14, 9750 AA Haren, The Netherlands
- Centre for Carbohydrate Bioengineering, TNO-RUG, University of Groningen, PO Box 14, 9750 AA Haren, The Netherlands
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van Hijum SAFT, van der Maarel MJEC, Dijkhuizen L. Kinetic properties of an inulosucrase from Lactobacillus reuteri 121. FEBS Lett 2003; 534:207-10. [PMID: 12527388 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(02)03841-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Inulosucrases catalyze transfer of a fructose moiety from sucrose to a water molecule (hydrolysis) or to an acceptor molecule (transferase), yielding inulin. Bacterial inulin production is rare and a biochemical analysis of inulosucrase enzymes has not been reported. Here we report biochemical characteristics of a purified recombinant inulosucrase enzyme from Lactobacillus reuteri. It displayed Michaelis-Menten type of kinetics with substrate inhibition for the hydrolysis reaction. Kinetics of the transferase reaction is best described by the Hill equation, not reported before for these enzymes. A C-terminal deletion of 100 amino acids did not appear to affect enzyme activity or product formation. This truncated form of the enzyme was used for biochemical characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A F T van Hijum
- Centre for Carbohydrate Bioengineering, TNO-RUG, University of Groningen, PO Box 14, 9750 AA Haren, The Netherlands
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Hijum SA, Bonting K, Maarel MJ, Dijkhuizen L. Purification of a novel fructosyltransferase from Lactobacillus reuteri strain 121 and characterization of the levan produced. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2001.tb10967.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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16
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Song KB, Seo JW, Kim MG, Rhee SK. Levansucrase of Rahnella aquatilis ATCC33071. Gene cloning, expression, and levan formation. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1998; 864:506-11. [PMID: 9928133 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb10369.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K B Song
- Microbial Metabolic Engineering Research Unit, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yusong, Taejon, Korea
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OSEGUERA MAPÉREZ, GUERECA GL, LÓPEZ-MUNGUÍA A. Acceptor Reactions of Levansucrase from Bacillus circulansa. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1996. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb33284.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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