The pathophysiologic profile of congestive heart failure

Circulatory effects of the PDE-inhibitors piroximone and enoximone

1. The isolated circulatory response to intravenous application of the phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors piroximone and enoximone was studied. 2. In a randomized sequence of 30 male patients undergoing elective aortocoronary bypass grafting either piroximone (0.5 mg kg(-1); n = 10) or enoximone (0.5 mg kg(-1); n = 10) were given during steady state of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). A group in which NaCl was given as a placebo served as a control (n = 10). 3. MAP was reduced by piroximone (maximum -23 mm Hg) and enoximone (maximum -18 mm Hg), whereas it increased in the control (+20 mm Hg). Volume of the extracorporeal circuit indicating venous pooling decreased more pronouncedly in the enoximone patients (-440 ml) than in the piroximone group (-300 ml). 4. Laser Doppler flows (LDFs) increased in both PDE-III inhibitor groups with the higher and longer increase in the enoximone-treated patients (LDF-forehead maximum +44%, LDF-forearm maximum +33%). Piroximone-induced increase in both LDFs was less pronounced with respect to both time and degree (LDF-forehead maximum +30%, LDF-forearm +12%). 5. Oxygen consumption (VO2) was significantly higher in the PDE-III inhibitor-treated than in the control patients. 6. Piroximone and enoximone showed significant vasodilatory properties at the arterial and venous side (= 'venous pooling'), from which patients with heart failure would profit. 7. Vasodilation could be observed for a longer period and was more pronounced in the enoximone-treated than in the piroximone patients. Alterations in capillary skin blood flow measured by laser Doppler technique gave evidence for an improvement in nutritive microcirculation, which was slightly more pronounced in the enoximone patients.

RETRACTED: Efficacy of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor enoximone in complicated cardiac surgery

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal). This article has been retracted at the request of the request of the editor. In 2018, CHEST published a notice1 that all articles authored by Joachim Boldt be read with caution due to expressions of concern about falsified data. In 2020, CHEST received additional evidence of research misconduct and breaches of scientific integrity that were discovered following an investigation by the author's former institution, the University of Giessen2. In light of this new evidence, this article has been retracted by CHEST. 1. Irwin, R.S., MD, Master FCCP. Notice From the Editor in Chief. CHEST 153(3), p. 767. 2. Mukherjee, J. Statement on the scientific credibility of articles published by Joachim Boldt, formerly professor at Justus Liebig University (JLU), Giessen, Germany. https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S000709122030163X-mmc3.pdf.