Absorption and excretion of cephalexin in health and acute illness

Oral absorption of clarithromycin in acute illness and during convalescence in patients with community-acquired pneumonia

STUDY OBJECTIVE

To compare the extent of oral clarithromycin absorption in patients during an illness and in health.

DESIGN

Sequential two-phase prospective study including an acutely ill pneumonia phase (PP) and a subsequent convalescent phase (CP).

STUDY POPULATION

Patients >/= 18 years old with radiographically confirmed community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) who were admitted to the hospital.

METHODS

During both study phases, patients received one single 500-mg dose of oral clarithromycin. Serial blood samples were drawn over a 24-h period in order to characterize the plasma concentration-time curves. Area under the curve from zero to 24 h (AUC(0-24)), maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), and time to maximum concentration (Tmax) were determined for both clarithromycin and its metabolite, 14-hydroxyclarithromycin, and compared between the two phases.

RESULTS

Twelve patients completed both phases of the study. For clarithromycin, there was a significant increase AUC(0-24) (47.37 +/- 8.51 microg/h/mL vs 36.22 +/- 6.09 microg/h/mL) in favor of the PP. There were no significant differences detected with respect to Cmax (4.32 +/- 0.63 microg/mL vs 3.57 +/- 0.46 microg/mL), or Tmax (3.50 +/- 0.50 h vs 2.83 +/- 0.59 h) between PP and CP. For 14-hydroxyclarithromycin, the AUC(0-24) and Cmax were significantly higher (5.84 +/- 1.08 microg/h/mL vs 8.84 +/- 1.92 microg/h/mL; 0.42 +/- 0.08 microg/mL vs 0.76 +/- 0.23 microg/mL) in the CP as compared to the PP. Tmax remained unchanged.

CONCLUSION

The extent of absorption of oral clarithromycin was not diminished during an acute illness with CAP.