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Zhu J, Huang Q. Nanoencapsulation of functional food ingredients. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2019; 88:129-165. [PMID: 31151723 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Many functional food ingredients are poorly soluble in water, susceptible to chemical degradation, and incompatible with surrounding food matrix. Other issues are related to limited oral bioavailability, unpleasant sensory properties, and poor release profiles. Nanoencapsulation of functional food ingredients can help increase their water solubility/dispersibility in foods and beverages, improve their bioavailability by exhibiting good dose-dependent functionalities, mask undesired flavors/tastes to reduce the adverse effect on mouth-feel, enhance shelf-life and compatibility during production, storage, transportation and utilization of food products, and control release rate or specific delivery environment for better performance on their functionalities. This chapter provides an overview of different delivery systems for different functional food ingredients, the types of materials suitable for wall materials or building blocks of nanocapsules, the fabrication methods to assemble different delivery systems and release these active ingredients under different physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu Zhu
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Qingrong Huang
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States.
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Troisi E, Formenti S, Briatico-Vangosa F, Cavallo D, Peters G. Nucleation induced by “Short-Term Pressurization” of an undercooled isotactic polypropylene melt. Eur Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ting Y, Li CC, Wang Y, Ho CT, Huang Q. Influence of processing parameters on morphology of polymethoxyflavone in emulsions. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:652-659. [PMID: 25537008 DOI: 10.1021/jf504465a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) are groups of compounds isolated from citrus peels that have been documented with wide arrays of health-promoting bioactivities. Because of their hydrophobic structure and high melting point, crystallized PMFs usually have poor systemic bioavailability when consumed orally. To improve the oral efficiency of PMFs, a viscoelastic emulsion system was formulated. Because of the crystalline nature, the inclusion of PMFs into the emulsion system faces great challenges in having sufficient loading capacity and stabilities. In this study, the process of optimizing the quality of emulsion-based formulation intended for PMF oral delivery was systematically studied. With alteration of the PMF loading concentration, processing temperature, and pressure, the emulsion with the desired droplet and crystal size can be effectively fabricated. Moreover, storage temperatures significantly influenced the stability of the crystal-containing emulsion system. The results from this study are a good illustration of system optimization and serve as a great reference for future formulation design of other hydrophobic crystalline compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Ting
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
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van der Beek MHE, Peters GWM, Meijer HEH. A Dilatometer to Measure the Influence of Cooling Rate and Melt Shearing on Specific Volume. INT POLYM PROC 2013. [DOI: 10.3139/217.1872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We developed a dilatometer to investigate the specific volume of polymers as a function of pressure (to 100 MPa), temperature (to 260 oC), cooling rate (to 100 oC/s), and shear rate (to 80 1/s). The dilatometer is based on the principle of confined compression and comprises of a pressure cell used in combination with a tensile testing machine with rotation capability. The design of the pressure cell is a mixture of a traditional ‘pistondie type’ dilatometer and a Couette rheometer, i. e. piston and die make up an annular shaped sample spacing. Typical dimensions of annular samples are: inner radius ri = 10.5 mm, outer radius ro = 11.0 mm, height h = 2.5 mm, and a typical mass of about 60 to 70 mg. Silicon grease is used to reduce loss of hydrostatic pressure in the sample due to friction occurring between the solidifying sample and the dilatometer wall. Specific volume measurements at low cooling rate using an isotactic polypropylene (i-PP) are compared with measurements performed using a commercial bellows type dilatometer, showing relative differences in the range of 0.1 to 0.4%. Finally, results for an isotactic polypropylene are presented showing a profound influence of cooling rate and melt shearing on the evolution of specific volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. H. E. van der Beek
- TNO Science and Industry, Department of Design and Manufacturing, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - G. W. M. Peters
- Eindhoven University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Section Materials Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - H. E. H. Meijer
- Eindhoven University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Section Materials Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Forstner R, Peters GWM, Meijer HEH. A Novel Dilatometer for PVT Measurements of Polymers at High Cooling – and Shear Rates. INT POLYM PROC 2013. [DOI: 10.3139/217.2154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A novel dilatometer to investigate the specific volume of polymers as a function of the combined effect of pressure (100 MPa), temperature (300°C), cooling rate (100°C/s) and shear rate (200 l/s) was developed. The dilatometer consists of a pressure cell, which in design is a combination of a traditional “piston-die type” dilatometer and a Couette rheometer, embedded in a custom made frame, which allowed for scaling down to a “table-sized” machine that requires only standard laboratory supplies, like pressurized air and tap water, for operation and cooling. We implemented software for fully automated control of procedures to operate non-isothermal experiments with shear steps applied at predefined temperatures. The sample rings (m ≈ 65 mg) used in the dilatometer are made with a micro injection moulding machine. Experiments with two commercial isotactic Polypropylene (iPP) grades at low cooling rates, performed by two independent groups, were compared with measurements from a commercial confined fluids dilatometer showing small relative differences in the range of 0.03 to 0.3%. As an example, additional results of an isotactic polypropylene were chosen to show the profound influence of cooling rate and melt shearing on the evolution of specific volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Forstner
- Eindhoven University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Section Materials Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - G. W. M. Peters
- Eindhoven University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Section Materials Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - H. E. H. Meijer
- Eindhoven University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Section Materials Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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van Erp TB, Balzano L, Spoelstra AB, Govaert LE, Peters GW. Quantification of non-isothermal, multi-phase crystallization of isotactic polypropylene: The influence of shear and pressure. POLYMER 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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van Drongelen M, van Erp T, Peters G. Quantification of non-isothermal, multi-phase crystallization of isotactic polypropylene: The influence of cooling rate and pressure. POLYMER 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Assessing the suitability of polylactic acid flexible films for high pressure pasteurization and sterilization of packaged foodstuff. J FOOD ENG 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2012.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Zhao L, Sun Z, Tatibouët J, Guo S. Ultrasonic characterization of the crystallization behavior of poly(ethylene terephthalate). J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.30668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Mihai M, Huneault MA, Favis BD. Crystallinity development in cellular poly(lactic acid) in the presence of supercritical carbon dioxide. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.30338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Reignier J, Tatibouët J, Gendron R. Effect of dissolved carbon dioxide on the glass transition and crystallization of poly(lactic acid) as probed by ultrasonic measurements. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.27896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Gitsas A, Floudas G. Pressure Dependence of the Glass Transition in Atactic and Isotactic Polypropylene. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma8014992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Gitsas
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, Post Office Box 1186, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece, and Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Biomedical Research Institute (BRI), GR-71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - G. Floudas
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, Post Office Box 1186, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece, and Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Biomedical Research Institute (BRI), GR-71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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Takada M, Ohshima M. Effect of CO2 on crystallization kinetics of poly(ethylene terephthalate). POLYM ENG SCI 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.10039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Takada M, Hasegawa S, Ohshima M. Crystallization kinetics of poly(L-lactide) in contact with pressurized CO2. POLYM ENG SCI 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.20017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Delaunay D, Le Bot P, Fulchiron R, Luye JF, Regnier G. Nature of contact between polymer and mold in injection molding. Part I: Influence of a non-perfect thermal contact. POLYM ENG SCI 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.11300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Watanabe K, Suzuki T, Masubuchi Y, Taniguchi T, Takimoto JI, Koyama K. Crystallization kinetics of polypropylene under high pressure and steady shear flow. POLYMER 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(03)00604-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Luy� JF, R�gnier G, Le Bot P, Delaunay D, Fulchiron R. PVT measurement methodology for semicrystalline polymers to simulate injection-molding process. J Appl Polym Sci 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1097-4628(20010110)79:2<302::aid-app120>3.0.co;2-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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