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Luo J, Wang X, Tong B, Li Z, Rocchi LA, Di Lisio V, Cangialosi D, Zuo B. Length Scale of Molecular Motions Governing Glass Equilibration in Hyperquenched and Slow-Cooled Polystyrene. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:357-363. [PMID: 38175163 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Polymer glasses attain thermodynamic equilibrium owing to structural relaxation at various length scales. Herein, calorimetry experiments were conducted to trace the macroscopic relaxation of slow-cooled (SC) and hyperquenched (HQ) polystyrene (PS) glasses and based on detailed comparisons with molecular dynamics probed by dye reorientation, we discussed the possible molecular process governing the equilibration of PS glasses near the glass transition temperatures (Tg). Both SC and HQ glasses equilibrate owing to the cooperative segment motion above a characteristic temperature (Tc) slightly lower than the Tg. In contrast, below the Tc, the localized backbone motion with an apparent activation energy of 290 ± 20 kJ/mol, involving approximately six repeating units, assists equilibrium recovery of PS glasses on the experimentally accessible time scales. The results possibly indicate the presence of an alternative mechanism other than the α-cooperative process controlling physical aging of materials in their deep glassy states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintian Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Ben Tong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Lorenzo Augusto Rocchi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome "La Sapienza", P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Di Lisio
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Daniele Cangialosi
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Biao Zuo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center of Advanced Textile Technology, Shaoxing 312000, China
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Miwa Y, Urakawa O, Nobukawa S, Kutsumizu S. Selective determination of glass transition temperature and vibrational properties at the chain end of polystyrene by Fourier transform infrared measurement in combination with deuterium-labeling. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Miwa Y, Urakawa O, Doi A, Yamamoto K, Nobukawa S. Glass Transition Temperature and β Relaxation Temperature around Chain End of Polystyrene Determined by Site Specific Spin Labeling. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:1282-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp210630m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Miwa
- Analytical Technology Laboratory, R & D Center, Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, 1 Toho-cho, Yokkaichi, Mie 510-8530, Japan
| | - Osamu Urakawa
- Department of Macromolecular
Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Akinari Doi
- Department of Macromolecular
Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Yamamoto
- Department of Materials Science
and Technology, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Shogo Nobukawa
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology,
1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
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Sun Q, Faller R. Molecular Dynamics of a Polymer in Mixed Solvent: Atactic Polystyrene in a Mixture of Cyclohexane and N,N-Dimethylformamide. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:15714-23. [PMID: 16852994 DOI: 10.1021/jp045400d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Local structural and dynamic properties of atactic polystyrene in a mixed solvent of cyclohexane (CH) and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) have been investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. We measure local conformations in the polymer and classify them by distance and angle distribution histograms. End-to-end distances and structure factors are employed to describe the static structure of polystyrene chains. Polystyrene concentration, including 1.6%, 4.8%, and 14% (by weight), and solution temperatures of 300, 330, or 360 K are used to elucidate the concentration and temperature dependencies of the solvation by the two solvents. Both solvent molecules preferentially approach the phenyl rings. At lower temperatures, polystyrene dissolves more favorably in cyclohexane. With rising temperature DMF molecules approach more closely with the oxygen oriented toward the phenyl rings. Additionally, the global and segmental relaxation times of the chains decrease and the system becomes more homogeneous. The segmental and global dynamics of polystyrene show different concentration behaviors: the reorientation times of solvent molecules and segments of polystyrene increase with concentration while the global dynamics of polystyrene decelerates as the concentration is changed from 1.6% to 4.8% but accelerates when the concentration rises to 14%. We conclude that the change of concentration from 4.8% to 14% qualitatively marks the change from a dilute to a semidilute solution. The diffusion constants of the small molecules and corresponding activation energies have also been measured. Our simulation data are compared with available experimental results and we find a satisfactory agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sun
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Material Science, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
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Higgenbotham-bertolucci PR, Gao H, Harmon JP. Creep and stress relaxation in methacrylate polymers: Two mechanisms of relaxation behavior across the glass transition region. POLYM ENG SCI 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.10785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Lyulin AV, Balabaev NK, Michels MAJ. Correlated Segmental Dynamics in Amorphous Atactic Polystyrene: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0212285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V. Lyulin
- Group Polymer Physics, Department of Applied Physics and Dutch Polymer Institute, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; and Institute of Mathematical Problems of Biology, Pushchino, 142290 Russia
| | - Nikolaj K. Balabaev
- Group Polymer Physics, Department of Applied Physics and Dutch Polymer Institute, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; and Institute of Mathematical Problems of Biology, Pushchino, 142290 Russia
| | - M. A. J. Michels
- Group Polymer Physics, Department of Applied Physics and Dutch Polymer Institute, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; and Institute of Mathematical Problems of Biology, Pushchino, 142290 Russia
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