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Thompson SW, Guimarães TR, Zetterlund PB. Multiblock copolymer synthesis via aqueous RAFT polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA). Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py01005d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Employing RAFT PISA emulsion polymerization to synthesize high molecular weight hexablock multiblock copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven W. Thompson
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Thiago R. Guimarães
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (OUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Per B. Zetterlund
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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2
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Shi H, Huang C, Liu X, Okubo M. Role of Osmotic Pressure for the Formation of Sub-micrometer-Sized, Hollow Polystyrene Particles by Heat Treatment in Aqueous Dispersed Systems †. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:12150-12157. [PMID: 31448619 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In a previous article, it was reported that a rather amount of sulfate end-groups as initiator fragment were buried in the inside of polystyrene (PS) particles, which were synthesized by emulsion polymerization with potassium persulfate initiator and nonionic emulsifier and operated to absorb water from the aqueous medium, resulting in hollow particles, when the PS emulsion was treated at higher temperature than the glass transition temperature of PS. In this article, it was clarified that the water absorption is based on the osmotic pressure between the outside (aqueous medium) and inside of the PS particles due to the buried sulfate end-groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chujuan Huang
- Institute of Advanced Materials , Nanjing Tech University , 5 Xinmofan Road , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | | | - Masayoshi Okubo
- Graduate School of Engineering , Kobe University, Nada , Kobe 657-8501 , Japan
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3
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Hu Y, Wang L, Shen J, Jiang G, Kan C. Preparation and characterization of porous cationic poly[styrene-co
-(N
,N
′-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)] nanoparticles and their adsorption of heavy metal ions in water. POLYM INT 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education; Tsinghua University; Beijing PR China
| | - Lihui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education; Tsinghua University; Beijing PR China
| | - Jie Shen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education; Tsinghua University; Beijing PR China
| | - Guoqiang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis of Ministry of Education; Tsinghua University; Beijing PR China
| | - Chengyou Kan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education; Tsinghua University; Beijing PR China
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4
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Minami H, Kojima A, Suzuki T. Preparation of Flattened Cross-Linked Hollow Particles by Suspension Polymerization in a Solid Dispersion Medium. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:1541-1546. [PMID: 28125884 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b04654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Flattened cross-linked hollow poly(divinylbenzene) (PDVB) particles with encapsulated n-hexadecane (HD) were successfully prepared through suspension polymerization using the self-assembling of phase-separated polymer (SaPSeP) method, in which the solid dispersion medium was gelled by gellan gum and compressed. The solid phase induced by gellan gum can be easily changed to a liquid state by heating, allowing the obtained particles to be easily recovered after polymerization. When the polymerization was conducted in the solid dispersion medium without compression, spherical hollow PDVB/HD composite particles were obtained. In contrast, when the polymerization was conducted with the compression of the solid dispersion medium, flattened hollow PDVB/HD composite particles were obtained. The shape of the flattened hollow polymer particles was controlled by changing the compression ratio of the solid phase, and the size could also be controlled by changing the DVB/HD droplet size using the Shirasu porous glass membrane-emulsification technique. Furthermore, flattened hollow particles larger than 20 μm in size were obtained, but it was difficult to obtain spherical hollow particles of such large size using the SaPSeP method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideto Minami
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University , Rokko, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kojima
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University , Rokko, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Toyoko Suzuki
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University , Rokko, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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5
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Facile fabrication of multihollow polymer microspheres via novel two-step assembly of P(St-co-nBA-co-AA) particles. Colloid Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-015-3501-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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6
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Qin Q, Zhong Y, Cheng J, Xu S, Fan X, Pi P, Wen X. Preparation and characterization of porous titanium dioxide sulfonated polystyrene composite microspheres with amphiphilicity. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.39104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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7
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Wan Q, Li Y, Todd C, Harris J, Nicholson D, Chaput B. Preparation of raspberry-shaped styrene-butadiene-methyl acrylate-acrylic acid latex particles by emulsion polymerization followed by alkali/heating method. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.33677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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8
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Xu S, Chen L, Li J, Qin W, Ma J. Preparation of hollow porous molecularly imprinted polymers and their applications to solid-phase extraction of triazines in soil samples. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm10905g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Preparation of hollow poly(divinyl benzene) particles with multiple holes in the shell by microsuspension polymerization with the SaPSeP method. Colloid Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-008-1917-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Influence of hydrophilic–lipophilic balance of nonionic emulsifiers on emulsion copolymerization of styrene and methacrylic acid. Colloid Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-007-1770-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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11
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Chaiyasat A, Kobayashi H, Okubo M. Incorporation of nonionic emulsifier inside methacrylic polymer particles in emulsion polymerization. Colloid Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-006-1568-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Xu S, Peng B, Han X. Hydrazide-functionalized hollow porous poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) spheres for immobilization of enzyme. Eur Polym J 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2006.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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13
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Kang K, Kan C, Du Y, Liu D. The generation of void morphology inside soap-free P(MMA-EA-MAA) particles prepared by seeded emulsion polymerization. J Colloid Interface Sci 2006; 297:505-12. [PMID: 16376366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2005.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2005] [Revised: 11/07/2005] [Accepted: 11/14/2005] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Monodisperse soap-free P(MMA-EA-MAA) latex particles were synthesized by seeded emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA), ethyl acrylate (EA) and methacrylic acid (MAA), and the particles with void morphology were obtained after undergoing alkali post-treatment. Effects of treatment conditions on particle morphology were investigated. Results showed that the void particles can be obtained under the conditions of the temperature >60 degrees C, initial pH >10.0, treatment time >20 min and 2-butanone amount >2.0 ml. The particle volume and the void size increased to the maximum and then decreased with the increases of initial pH and the treatment time, and these two values increased monotonously with the treatment temperature or 2-butanone amount increased. When the treatment temperature was elevated to 90 degrees C, the treatment time was longer than 180 min, or the 2-butanone amount was more than 8.0 ml, the relatively small voids inside most of the particles combined together to form a large one. The void structure disappeared completely as the initial pH was higher than 12.0. The generation mechanism of the void morphology was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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14
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Estimation of water absorption state within ionized carboxylated polymer particles with high sensitive differential scanning calorimetry. Colloid Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-005-1445-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Kang K, Kan C, Du Y, Liu D. Synthesis and properties of soap-free poly(methyl methacrylate-ethyl acrylate-methacrylic acid) latex particles prepared by seeded emulsion polymerization. Eur Polym J 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2004.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Okubo M, Inoue M, Suzuki T, Kouda M. Effect of hydrophilicity of polymer particles on their glass transition temperatures in the emulsion state. Colloid Polym Sci 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-003-1038-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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17
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Kang K, Kan C, Du Y, Liu D. Effects of alkali post-treatment on the particle morphology of soap-free poly(methyl methacrylate-ethyl acrylate-acrylic acid) latices. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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18
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Zhao K, Sun P, Liu D, Dai G. The formation mechanism of poly(vinyl acetate)/poly(butyl acrylate) core/shell latex in two-stage seeded semi-continuous starved emulsion polymerization process. Eur Polym J 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2003.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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19
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Kang K, Kan CY, Du Y, Liu DS. Control of particle size and carboxyl group distribution in soap-free emulsion copolymerization of methyl methacrylate-ethyl acrylate-acrylic acid. J Appl Polym Sci 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/app.20004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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20
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Yun Y, Li H, Ruckenstein E. Hydrophobic Core/Hydrophilic Shell Amphiphilic Particles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2001; 238:414-419. [PMID: 11374937 DOI: 10.1006/jcis.2001.7553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphilic colloidal particles with hydrophobic cores and hydrophilic shells were prepared via a two-step method. First, polystyrene cores were obtained through the concentrated emulsion polymerization. A mixture of styrene, ethyl benzene, divinyl benzene, azobisisobutyronitrile, and cumene hydroperoxide (CHPO) was partially polymerized at 80 degrees C for 40 min and subsequently used as the dispersed phase of a concentrated emulsion in water. The concentrated emulsion was subjected to complete polymerization at 60 degrees C for 12 h; colloidal particles of crosslinked polystyrene were thus obtained. In the second step, the polystyrene particles were dispersed in water, after which acrylamide, N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, and ferrous sulfate (FS) were added. The system was heated (typically at 30 degrees C) to conduct the polymerization of the hydrophilic monomers. The CHPO present on the surface of the polystyrene particles and the FS present in the aqueous phase (both together constitute a redox initiator) ensured that the initiation occurred mostly on the surface of the particles and that the hydrophilic polymer obtained formed a shell encapsulating the particles. Under proper conditions, a porous outer shell could be generated, making the hydrophobic core accessible to the outside medium. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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21
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Kong XZ, Ruckenstein E. Core-shell latex particles consisting of polysiloxane-poly(styrene-methyl methacrylate-acrylic acid): Preparation and pore generation. J Appl Polym Sci 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(19990912)73:11<2235::aid-app21>3.0.co;2-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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22
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23
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Okubo M, Mori H. Production of multi-hollow polymer particles by the stepwise acid/alkali method. Colloid Polym Sci 1997. [DOI: 10.1007/s003960050129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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Sakurazawa S, Ishimori T, Honda H, Matsuno K. Diffusion controlled formation of husk-like microcapsules. Colloid Polym Sci 1997. [DOI: 10.1007/s003960050110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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25
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Effect of molecular weight on the production of multi-hollow polymer particles by the alkali/cooling method. Colloid Polym Sci 1997. [DOI: 10.1007/s003960050055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Okubo M, Ito A, Kanenobu T. Production of submicron-sized multihollow polymer particles by alkali/cooling method. Colloid Polym Sci 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00654677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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27
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Production of submicron-sized multihollow polymer particles having high transition temperatures by the stepwise alkali/acid method. Colloid Polym Sci 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00652464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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