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Suzuki Y, Toh L. Constraints and Opportunities for the Evolution of Metamorphic Organisms in a Changing Climate. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.734031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We argue that developmental hormones facilitate the evolution of novel phenotypic innovations and timing of life history events by genetic accommodation. Within an individual’s life cycle, metamorphic hormones respond readily to environmental conditions and alter adult phenotypes. Across generations, the many effects of hormones can bias and at times constrain the evolution of traits during metamorphosis; yet, hormonal systems can overcome constraints through shifts in timing of, and acquisition of tissue specific responses to, endocrine regulation. Because of these actions of hormones, metamorphic hormones can shape the evolution of metamorphic organisms. We present a model called a developmental goblet, which provides a visual representation of how metamorphic organisms might evolve. In addition, because developmental hormones often respond to environmental changes, we discuss how endocrine regulation of postembryonic development may impact how organisms evolve in response to climate change. Thus, we propose that developmental hormones may provide a mechanistic link between climate change and organismal adaptation.
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Chertkova EA, Grizanova EV, Dubovskiy IM. Bacterial and fungal infections induce bursts of dopamine in the haemolymph of the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata and greater wax moth Galleria mellonella. J Invertebr Pathol 2018; 153:203-206. [PMID: 29501498 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2018.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) is known as a hormone neurotrasnmitter molecule involved in several stress reactions in both vertebrates and invertebrates. Following infections with the fungi Metarhizium robertsii or Beauveria bassiana and the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis, dopamine the concentration was measured at different time points in the haemolymph of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata and the larvae of the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella. The infection with M. robertsii increased (4 to 12-fold) DA concentrations in the haemolymph of the potato beetle larvae and the oral infection by B. thuringiensis also lead to a 30 and 45-fold increase. During infection of the greater wax moth larvae with Beauveria bassiana and B. thuringiensis DA increased 4 to 20-fold and about 2 to 2,5-fold respectively, compared to non-infected insects. The relative DA concentrations varied between the two insects and depended on the pathogens and post infection time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A Chertkova
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Frunze str. 11, 630091 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V Grizanova
- Novosibirsk State Agrarian University, Laboratory of Biological Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Dobrolubova str. 160, 630039 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ivan M Dubovskiy
- Novosibirsk State Agrarian University, Laboratory of Biological Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Dobrolubova str. 160, 630039 Novosibirsk, Russia; Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro-BioTechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630501 Krasnoobsk, Russia.
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Rauschenbach IY, Karpova EK, Burdina EV, Adonyeva NV, Bykov RA, Ilinsky YY, Menshanov PN, Gruntenko NE. Insulin-like peptide DILP6 regulates juvenile hormone and dopamine metabolism in Drosophila females. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2017; 243:1-9. [PMID: 27823956 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like peptide DILP6 is a component of the insulin/insulin-like growth factor signalling pathway of Drosophila. Juvenile hormone (JH) and dopamine (DA) are involved in the stress response and in the control of reproduction. In this study, we investigate whether DILP6 regulates the JH and DA levels by studying the effect of a strong hypomorphic mutation dilp641 on JH and DA metabolism in D. melanogaster females. We show that DILP6 regulates JH and DA metabolism: the mutation dilp641 results in a reduction in JH-hydrolysing activity and an increase in the activities of DA synthesis enzymes (alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)). In the mutant females, we also found increased fecundity in addition to the intensity of the response (stress reactivity) of ALP and TH to heat stress. As we showed previously, this suggests an increased level of JH synthesis. We confirm this suggestion by treating the mutant females with the JH inhibitor, precocene, which restors the activity and stress reactivity of ALP and TH as well as fecundity to levels similar to those in the control flies. The data suggest a feedback system in the interaction between JH and DILP6 in which DILP6 negatively regulates the JH titre via an increase in the hormone degradation and a decrease in its synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Yu Rauschenbach
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E K Karpova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E V Burdina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - N V Adonyeva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - R A Bykov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Y Y Ilinsky
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - P N Menshanov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - N E Gruntenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
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Rauschenbach IY, Karpova EK, Adonyeva NV, Andreenkova OV, Faddeeva NV, Burdina EV, Alekseev AA, Menshanov PN, Gruntenko NE. Disruption of insulin signalling affects the neuroendocrine stress reaction in Drosophila females. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 217:3733-41. [PMID: 25214494 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.106815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile hormone (JH) and dopamine are involved in the stress response in insects. The insulin/insulin-like growth factor signalling pathway has also recently been found to be involved in the regulation of various processes, including stress tolerance. However, the relationships between the JH, dopamine and insulin signalling pathways remain unclear. Here, we study the role of insulin signalling in the regulation of JH and dopamine metabolism under normal and heat stress conditions in Drosophila melanogaster females. We show that suppression of the insulin-like receptor (InR) in the corpus allatum, a specialised endocrine gland that synthesises JH, causes an increase in dopamine level and JH-hydrolysing activity and alters the activities of enzymes that produce as well as those that degrade dopamine [alkaline phosphatase (ALP), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine-dependent arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (DAT)]. We also found that InR suppression in the corpus allatum modulates dopamine, ALP, TH and JH-hydrolysing activity in response to heat stress and that it decreases the fecundity of the flies. JH application restores dopamine metabolism and fecundity in females with decreased InR expression in the corpus allatum. Our data provide evidence that the insulin/insulin-like growth factor signalling pathway regulates dopamine metabolism in females of D. melanogaster via the system of JH metabolism and that it affects the development of the neuroendocrine stress reaction and interacts with JH in the control of reproduction in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Y Rauschenbach
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Evgenia K Karpova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Natalya V Adonyeva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Olga V Andreenkova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Natalya V Faddeeva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Elena V Burdina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Alexander A Alekseev
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Petr N Menshanov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Nataly E Gruntenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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Tibbetts EA, Crocker KC. The challenge hypothesis across taxa: social modulation of hormone titres in vertebrates and insects. Anim Behav 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Karpova EK, Adonyeva NV, Faddeeva NV, Romanova IV, Gruntenko NE, Rauschenbach IY. Insulin affects reproduction and juvenile hormone metabolism under normal and stressful conditions in Drosophila females. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2013; 452:264-6. [DOI: 10.1134/s1607672913050153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Rauschenbach IY, Adonyeva NV, Faddeeva NV, Shumnaya LV, Gruntenko NE. The role of the insulin signaling pathway in the control of the Drosophila sexual dimorphism with respect to thermal stress resistance. DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2013; 452:284-286. [PMID: 24150648 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496613050025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- I Yu Rauschenbach
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akad. Lavrent'eva 10, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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Adonyeva NV, Bogomolova EV, Rauschenbach IY, Gruntenko NE. Insulin affects dopamine metabolism in Drosophila females under normal and stress conditions. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2013; 448:40-2. [DOI: 10.1134/s1607672913010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Rauschenbach IY, Faddeeva NV, Laukhina OV, Gruntenko NE. The DD2R gene expression level in the corpus allatum affects the fitness of female Drosophila melanogaster. RUSS J GENET+ 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795412050195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Gruntenko NE, Bogomolova EV, Adonyeva NV, Karpova EK, Menshanov PN, Alekseev AA, Romanova IV, Li S, Rauschenbach IY. Decrease in juvenile hormone level as a result of genetic ablation of the corpus allatum cells affects the synthesis and metabolism of stress related hormones in Drosophila. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 58:49-55. [PMID: 22019561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2011.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Revised: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that juvenile hormone (JH) regulates dopamine (DA) and octopamine (OA) content in Drosophila, and we have shown the influence of an increase in JH level on DA and OA metabolism in young females of Drosophila virilis and Drosophila melanogaster. Here we investigate the effects of genetic ablation of a subset of cells in the Corpusallatum (CA, endocrine gland synthesizing JH) on the DA levels and activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), DA-dependent arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (DAT) and tyrosine decarboxylase (TDC) in young D. melanogaster females under normal conditions and upon heat stress (38°С). We show that ablation of СА cells causes: (1) a decrease in ALP, TH and DAT activities, (2) an increase in DA level and (3) an increase in TDC activity in young females. The CA ablation was also found to modulate ALP, TH and TDC responses to heat stress. Mechanisms of regulation of DA and OA levels by JH in Drosophila females are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Gruntenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
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Bogomolova EV, Adon’eva NV, Faddeeva NV, Gruntenko NE, Raushenbakh IY. Inhibition of DD2R gene expression in the corpus allatum activates alkaline phosphatase in female Drosophila melanogaster. RUSS J GENET+ 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795411020062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Gruntenko NE, Wen D, Karpova EK, Adonyeva NV, Liu Y, He Q, Faddeeva NV, Fomin AS, Li S, Rauschenbach IY. Altered juvenile hormone metabolism, reproduction and stress response in Drosophila adults with genetic ablation of the corpus allatum cells. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2010; 40:891-897. [PMID: 20849954 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2010.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2010] [Revised: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 09/03/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile hormone (JH), which controls many developmental and physiological processes in Drosophila melanogaster, is synthesized de novo in the specialized endocrine glands, corpus allatum (CA). The present study concerns JH metabolism, reproduction and stress resistance in Drosophila with genetic ablation of a part of CA cells. The correlated regulation of JH biosynthesis and degradation in Drosophila adults has been found: ablation of CA cells led to (1) a dramatic decrease in activity of the key regulatory enzyme of JH biosynthesis, juvenile hormone acid methyl transferase and (2) a considerable increase in JH-hydrolyzing activity. It has been also shown that ablation of CA cells caused three significant physiological changes: (1) an increase in the intensity of response of JH degradation system to heat stress; (2) a disturbance of reproduction; (3) a decrease in stress resistance. Pharmacological rise of JH level rescued JH-hydrolyzing activity, fecundity and stress resistance in CA-ablated females. Pronouncedly, all the physiological effects caused by CA ablation were significant in females but not in males indicating a sexual dimorphism of JH physiological roles in Drosophila adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Gruntenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
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Rauschenbach IY, Bogomolova EV, Karpova EK, Adonyeva NV, Faddeeva NV, Menshanov PN, Gruntenko NE. Mechanisms of age-specific regulation of dopamine metabolism by juvenile hormone and 20-hydroxyecdysone in Drosophila females. J Comp Physiol B 2010; 181:19-26. [PMID: 20878329 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-010-0512-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2010] [Revised: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and the juvenile hormone (JH) have an age-specific effect on total dopamine (DA) content in Drosophila (Gruntenko and Rauschenbach 2008). Earlier we studied the mechanism of influence of 20E and JH on DA metabolism in young females (Rauschenbach et al. in J Insect Physiol 53:587-591, 2007a: Arch Insect Biochem Physiol 65:95-102, 2008a; Gruntenko et al. in Arch Insect Biochem Physiol 72:263-269, 2009). Here we investigate the effects of 20E and JH on the activities of the alkaline phosphatase (ALP), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and DA-dependent arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) in mature females of wild type D. virilis under normal conditions and under heat stress (38°C). 20E feeding of the flies led to a substantial decrease in ALP and TH activities and to an increase in AANAT activity in mature females. JH application resulted in an increasing of ALP and TH activities, but did not influence AANAT activity in mature females. A rise in JH and 20E levels was found to change ALP and TH stress reactivities. Mechanisms of age-specific regulation of DA level by 20E and JH in Drosophila females are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Yu Rauschenbach
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentjev ave., 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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Bogomolova EV, Rauschenbach IY, Adonyeva NV, Alekseev AA, Faddeeva NV, Gruntenko NE. Dopamine down-regulates activity of alkaline phosphatase in Drosophila: the role of D2-like receptors. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 56:1155-1159. [PMID: 20303975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2010.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2009] [Revised: 03/09/2010] [Accepted: 03/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The effect of a rise in dopamine (DA) level as a result of a mutation, stress or pharmacological treatment on the activity of the enzyme of its synthesis, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in females of Drosophila virilis and Drosophila melanogaster has been studied. It has been found that regardless of its nature, a rise in DA level has a negative effect on ALP activity, which indicates that DA down-regulates activity of the enzyme. The effects of bromocriptine (an agonist of Drosophila dopamine 2-like receptor (DD2R)) on ALP activity have been studied. ALP activity was found to drop in response to bromocriptine in flies. Conversely ALP activity was increased in flies with reduced DD2R expression (i.e. Actin5C-Gal4>UAS-ds-DD2R RNA-interference flies) vs. corresponding controls (i.e. Actin5C-Gal4>w1118 flies). Bromocriptine treatment of RNAi flies rescues ALP activity to the level typical of Actin5C-Gal4>w1118 flies. A change in DD2R number or availability was found not to prevent the response of ALP to heat stress, but to change the intensity of its response to the stress exposure. The role of D2-like receptors in down-regulation of ALP activity by DA and in ALP response to stressor in Drosophila is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Bogomolova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Gruntenko NE, Karpova EK, Chentsova NA, Adonyeva NV, Rauschenbach IY. 20-hydroxyecdysone and juvenile hormone influence tyrosine hydroxylase activity in Drosophila females under normal and heat stress conditions. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2009; 72:263-272. [PMID: 19802901 DOI: 10.1002/arch.20337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The effects of exogenous 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and the juvenile hormone (JH) on the activity of the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the first and rate-limiting DA biosynthetic enzyme, has been studied in young females of wild type D. virilis and D. melanogaster under normal conditions and under heat stress (38 degrees C). Both 20E feeding of the flies and JH application led to a substantial rise in TH activity. A rise in JH and 20E levels was found not to prevent the response of TH to heat stress, but to change the intensity of its response to the stress exposure. Putative mechanisms of regulation of DA level by 20E and JH in Drosophila females are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Gruntenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentieva Ave. #10, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Bogomolova EV, Adonyeva NV, Gruntenko NE, Rauschenbach IY. Effects of 20-hydroxyecdysone and juvenile hormone on octopamine metabolism in females of Drosophila. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2009; 70:244-253. [PMID: 19278013 DOI: 10.1002/arch.20298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The effect of exogenous 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and juvenile hormone (JH) on the activities of the tyrosine decarboxylase (TDC), the first enzyme in octopamine (OA) synthesis, has been studied in young females of wild type D. virilis and D. melanogaster under normal and heat stress (38 degrees C) conditions. Flies fed 20E expressed increased TDC activity in both species. JH application decreased TDC activity in both species. A rise in JH and 20E levels did not prevent a TDC response to heat stress, but changed the response intensity. A long-term increase in JH titre had no effect on the activity of main OA catabolyzing enzyme, arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase, in females of both species. A possible mechanism of regulation of OA levels by 20E and JH in Drosophila females is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Bogomolova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Gruntenko NE, Rauschenbach IY. Interplay of JH, 20E and biogenic amines under normal and stress conditions and its effect on reproduction. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2008; 54:902-8. [PMID: 18511066 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2008.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2007] [Revised: 04/04/2008] [Accepted: 04/07/2008] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile hormone (JH) and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) are well known to play a gonadotropic role in adult insects. In Drosophila the mechanism of reciprocal regulation of JH and 20E is shown to be responsible for their proper balance. Dopamine is a mediator in this JH and 20E interplay. A proper balance between JH and 20E is crucial for the normal progress of oogenesis. An imbalance of gonadotropins leads to reproductive defects: a rise in JH titre leads to oviposition arrest, a rise in 20E level, to the degradation of vitellogenic oocytes. Upon a change in the level of one of the gonadotropins, the balance is restored owing to the relative change in the titre of the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Gruntenko
- Laboratory of Stress Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentjev ave. 10, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
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Rauschenbach IY, Adonyeva NV, Alekseev AA, Chentsova NA, Gruntenko NE. Role of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase in regulation of biogenic amines levels by gonadotropins in Drosophila. J Comp Physiol B 2007; 178:315-20. [PMID: 18038140 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-007-0224-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2007] [Revised: 11/07/2007] [Accepted: 11/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The effect of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and the juvenile hormone (JH) on the activity of the arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) was studied in young females of wild-type D. virilis and D. melanogaster. 20E feeding of the flies led to a decrease in AANAT activity in both species when dopamine (DA) was used as substrate, but did not affect the enzyme activity when octopamine (OA) was used as substrate. JH application increased AANAT activity with DA as substrate in both species, but did not change it with OA as substrate. AANAT activity was also measured in young females of a JH-deficient strain of D. melanogaster, apterous ( 56f ). A decrease in the enzyme activity was observed in the mutant females as compared to wild-type. Mechanisms of regulation of DA level by gonadotropins in Drosophila are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Yu Rauschenbach
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentjev ave., 10, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
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Rauschenbach IY, Gruntenko NE, Chentsova NA, Adonyeva NV, Alekseev AA. Role of ecdysone 20-monooxygenase in regulation of 20-hydroxyecdysone levels by juvenile hormone and biogenic amines in Drosophila. J Comp Physiol B 2007; 178:27-32. [PMID: 17703313 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-007-0196-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2007] [Revised: 07/18/2007] [Accepted: 07/24/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The effects of increased levels of dopamine (feeding flies with dopamine precursor, L: -dihydroxyphenylalanine) and octopamine (feeding flies with octopamine) on ecdysone 20-monooxygenase activity in young (2 days old) wild type females (the strain wt) of Drosophila virilis have been studied. L: -dihydroxyphenylalanine and octopamine feeding increases ecdysone 20-monooxygenase activity by a factor of 1.6 and 1.7, respectively. Ecdysone 20-monooxygenase activity in the young (1 day old) octopamineless females of the strain Tbetah ( nM18 ), in females of the strain P845 (precursor of Tbetah ( nM18 ) strain) and in wild type females (Canton S) of Drosophila melanogaster have been measured. The absence of octopamine leads to a considerable decrease in the enzyme activity. We have also studied the effects of juvenile hormone application on ecdysone 20-monooxygenase activity in 2-day-old wt females of D. virilis and demonstrated that an increase in juvenile hormone titre leads to an increase in the enzyme activity. We discuss the supposition that ecdysone 20-monooxygenase occupies a key position in the regulation of 20-hydroxyecdysone titre under the conditions that lead to changes in juvenile hormone titre and biogenic amine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Yu Rauschenbach
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentjev ave., 10, Novosibirsk , 630090, Russia.
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Rauschenbach IY, Chentsova NA, Alekseev AA, Gruntenko NE, Adonyeva NV, Karpova EK, Komarova TN, Vasiliev VG, Bownes M. Dopamine and octopamine regulate 20-hydroxyecdysone level in vivo in Drosophila. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2007; 65:95-102. [PMID: 17523172 DOI: 10.1002/arch.20183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The effects of increased level of dopamine (DA) (feeding flies with DA precursor, L-dihydroxyphenylalanine, L-DOPA) on the level of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and on juvenile hormone (JH) metabolism in young (2-day-old) wild type females (the strain wt) of Drosophila virilis have been studied. Feeding the flies with L-DOPA increased DA content by a factor of 2.5, and led to a considerable increase in 20E level and a decrease of JH degradation (an increase in JH level). We have also measured the levels of 20E in the young (1-day-old) octopamineless females of the strain Tbetah(nM18) and in wild type females, Canton S, of D. melanogaster. The absence of OA led to a considerable decrease in 20E level (earlier it was shown that in the Tbetah(nM18) females, JH degradation was sharply increased). We have studied the effects of JH application on 20E level in 2-day-old wt females of D. virilis and demonstrated that an increase in JH titre results in a steep increase of 20E level. The supposition that biogenic amines act as intermediary between JH and 20E in the control of Drosophila reproduction is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Yu Rauschenbach
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
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Gruntenko NE, Karpova EK, Alekseev AA, Chentsova NA, Bogomolova EV, Bownes M, Rauschenbach IY. Effects of octopamine on reproduction, juvenile hormone metabolism, dopamine, and 20-hydroxyecdysone contents in Drosophila. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2007; 65:85-94. [PMID: 17523171 DOI: 10.1002/arch.20187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The effect of an experimentally increased octopamine content (feeding flies with OA) on the levels of juvenile hormone (JH) degradation, dopamine (DA), and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) contents, oogenesis, and fecundity of wild type Drosophila flies has been studied. OA feeding of the flies was found to (1) cause a considerable decrease in JH degradation in females, but not males, of D. melanogaster and D. virilis; (2) have no effect on DA content in D. melanogaster and D. virilis; (3) increase 20E contents in D. virilis females; (4) decrease to a large extent the number of vitellogenic (stages 8-10) and mature (stage 14) oocytes in D. virilis; and (5) decrease the fecundity of D. melanogaster and D. virilis. A possible mechanism of action of OA as a neurohormone on the reproductive function of Drosophila is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Gruntenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Rauschenbach IY, Karpova EK, Gruntenko NE, Saprykina ZV, Shumnaya LV, Faddeeva NV. Biogenic amines regulate the reproductive function in Drosophila as neurohormones. Russ J Dev Biol 2007. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360407010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Armstrong GA, Meldrum Robertson R. A role for octopamine in coordinating thermoprotection of an insect nervous system. J Therm Biol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2005.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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24
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Gruntenko NE, Karpova EK, Alekseev AA, Chentsova NA, Saprykina ZV, Bownes M, Rauschenbach IY. Effects of dopamine on juvenile hormone metabolism and fitness in Drosophila virilis. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2005; 51:959-68. [PMID: 15967456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2005.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2005] [Revised: 04/15/2005] [Accepted: 04/19/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The effects of dopamine (DA) on juvenile hormone (JH) metabolism and fitness (estimated as fecundity and viability levels under heat stress (38 degrees C)) in Drosophila virilis have been studied. An increase of DA level obtained by feeding with DA reduced fitness of wild-type (wt) flies under stress, and decreased JH degradation in young wt females while increasing it in sexually mature wt females. A decrease in DA levels resulted from 3-iodo-tyrosine treatment and caused a decrease in JH degradation in sexually mature wt and heat sensitive (hs) mutant females (DA level in hs females is twice as high in wt females). A dramatic decrease in viability under stress and fecundity under normal conditions in wt, but not hs, females was observed. 3-iodo-tyrosine treatment also reduced the number of oocytes at stages 8-14, delayed oocyte transition to stage 10 and resulted in the accumulation of mature eggs in wt females. It delayed maturation of wt, but not hs, males as well, but did not affect their fertility. This advances our understanding of the regulation of JH metabolism by DA in Drosophila and suggests a crucial role for the basal DA level in fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Gruntenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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Raushenbach IY, Gruntenko NE, Bownes M, Adonieva NV, Terashima J, Karpova EK, Faddeeva NV, Chentsova NA. The role of juvenile hormone in the control of reproductive function in Drosophila virilis under nutritional stress. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2004; 50:323-330. [PMID: 15081825 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2004.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2003] [Revised: 01/27/2004] [Accepted: 02/03/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the role of juvenile hormone (JH) in the control of Drosophila reproduction under stress, JH degradation and reproduction were studied under nutritional stress and JH treatment in Drosophila virilis females of wild type (wt) and a heat stress (hs) mutant: this mutant does not respond to heat stress by alterations in JH metabolism and has decreased JH level and fertility under normal conditions. One day of starvation results in a decrease of JH degradation, a delay in oocyte maturation, degradation of early vitellogenic egg chambers, accumulation of mature oocytes and a 24 h oviposition arrest in both wt and hs females. A fertility decrease was observed in both wt and hs females 24 h following the end of starvation. JH treatment leads to a decrease of JH degradation and an arrest of oviposition for 24 h in fed females. JH treatment prior to starvation seems to protect some oocytes from resorption: in JH-treated wt females, fertility increases rapidly following the end of starvation. The dynamics of JH degradation and fertility are similar following starvation and JH treatment. The role of JH in the accumulation of mature oocytes and the delay of oviposition under stress are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Yu Raushenbach
- Laboratory of Stress Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SD RAS, Lavrentjeva Avenue, 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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26
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Gruntenko N, Chentsova NA, Bogomolova EV, Karpova EK, Glazko GV, Faddeeva NV, Monastirioti M, Rauschenbach IY. The effect of mutations altering biogenic amine metabolism in Drosophila on viability and the response to environmental stresses. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2004; 55:55-67. [PMID: 14745823 DOI: 10.1002/arch.10123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) content, tyrosine decarboxylase (TDC) activity and survival were studied under normal and environmental stress conditions in the ste and e strains carrying ebony mutation increasing DA level and the octopamineless strain Tbetah(nM18) of Drosophila melanogaster. Wild-type strains Canton S and Oregon R, and strain p845 from which Tbetah(nM18) strain was derived were used as controls. Sexual dimorphism of TDC activity, DA content, and survival in flies of all D. melanogaster strains under study was found. Tbetah(nM18) mutation sharply reduced TDC activity in females, while ebony had no such effect. DA content and survival under heat stress in Tbetah(nM18) flies did not differ from those in the wild type. ste and e flies had drastically increased DA content under normal conditions, dramatically decreased survival under heat stress, but increased survival under starvation. DA content and survival under heat stress were also studied in the reciprocal hybrids (males) F(1) of the cross D. virilis strains 101 (wild type) and 147 with X-linked mutation, which significantly increases DA content. 147x101 males had a considerably higher DA content and lower survival than 101x147 ones. Individuals of all D. melanogaster strains under study developed the stress reaction, as judged by changes in TDC activity and DA levels. The role of biogenic amines in the stress reaction development and adaptation to environmental stresses in Drosophila is discussed. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 55:55-67, 2004.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Gruntenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
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Gruntenko NE, Bownes M, Terashima J, Sukhanova MZ, Raushenbach IY. Heat stress affects oogenesis differently in wild-type Drosophila virilis and a mutant with altered juvenile hormone and 20-hydroxyecdysone levels. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2003; 12:393-404. [PMID: 12864919 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2583.2003.00424.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The link between reproduction and environmental signals is poorly understood at the physiological, genetic and molecular levels. We describe a mutant strain of Drosophila virilis that has altered responses to heat stress. Heat stress in wild-type females results in oocyte maturation delays, degradation of early vitellogenic egg chambers, inhibition of yolk protein gene expression in follicle cells and accumulation of mature oocytes. The mutant females have increased levels of ecdysteroids and decreased juvenile hormone degradation, and show all of the heat-stress-induced reproductive effects observed in wild-type flies, without exposure to heat stress. During oogenesis in mutant females following heat stress there is an increase in early vitellogenic oocyte degradation and some degradation of late egg chambers. 20-Hydroxyecdysone levels, but not juvenile hormone degradation, change following heat stress in mutant females.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Gruntenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SD RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Gruntenko NE, Chentsova NA, Andreenkova EV, Bownes M, Segal D, Adonyeva NV, Rauschenbach IY. Stress response in a juvenile hormone-deficient Drosophila melanogaster mutant apterous56f. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2003; 12:353-363. [PMID: 12864915 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2583.2003.00419.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The apterous56f (ap56f) mutation leads to increases in juvenile hormone (JH) degradation levels and JH-esterase makes a greater contribution to the increase than JH-epoxide hydrolase. Dopamine levels in ap56f females, but not males, are higher than in wild-type. JH treatment of ap56f and wild-type females decreases their dopamine levels. ap56f females, but not males, produce less progeny. Survival under heat stress is dramatically decreased in ap56f females, but not males. ap56f flies show a stress reaction, as judged by changes in tyrosine decarboxylase and JH-hydrolysing activities, dopamine levels and fertility, but its intensity in the mutant females, but not males, differs significantly from wild-type. Thus, the ap56f mutation causes dramatic changes in female, but not male, metabolism and fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Gruntenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SD RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia.
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Gruntenko NE, Wilson TG, Monastirioti M, Rauschenbach IY. Stress-reactivity and juvenile hormone degradation in Drosophila melanogaster strains having stress-related mutations. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2000; 30:775-783. [PMID: 10876121 DOI: 10.1016/s0965-1748(00)00049-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile hormone (JH) degradation was studied under normal and stress conditions in young and matured females of Drosophila melanogaster strains having mutations in different genes involved in responses to stress It was shown that (1) the impairment in heat shock response elicits an alteration in stress-reactivity of the JH system; (2) the impairment JH reception causes a decrease of JH-hydrolysing activity and of stress-reactivity in young females, while in mature ones stress reactivity is completely absent; (3) the absence of octopamine results in higher JH-hydrolysis level under normal conditions and altered JH stress-reactivity; (4) the higher dopamine content elicits a dramatic decrease of JH degradation under normal conditions and of JH stress-reactivity. Thus, the impairments in any component of the Drosophila stress reaction result in changes in the reponse of JH degradation system to stress. The role of JH in the development of the insect stress reaction is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Gruntenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Division, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia.
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Gruntenko NE, Khlebodarova TM, Vasenkova IA, Sukhanova MJ, Wilson TG, Rauschenbach IY. Stress-reactivity of a Drosophila melanogaster strain with impaired juvenile hormone action. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2000; 46:451-456. [PMID: 12770209 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1910(99)00131-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Met(27) is a null allele of the Methoprene-tolerant gene of D. melanogaster that shows resistance to the toxic effects of both juvenile hormone (JH) and a JH analog, methoprene. The mechanism of resistance appears to be altered JH reception. We measured fertility, JH-hydrolyzing activity, and dopamine (DA) levels in Met(27) and Met(+) flies under normal (25 degrees C) and heat-stress (38 degrees C) conditions. We show that under normal conditions Met(27) females have JH-hydrolyzing activity and fertility lower than Met(+), but DA content did not differ between the two strains. At 38 degrees C Met(27) flies show no impairment in JH-hydrolyzing activity in response to stress, but they do show lower DA levels and impaired reproduction. The results with Met(27) are consistent with the previous hypothesis that the alteration in fertility that follows heat stress in D. melanogaster could result from alteration in the JH endocrine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E. Gruntenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Department, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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31
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Hirashima A, Suetsugu E, Hirokado S, Kuwano E, Taniguchi E, Eto M. Effect of octopamine on the activity of juvenile-hormone esterase in the silkworm Bombyx mori and the red flour beetle Tribolium freemani. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1999; 116:373-81. [PMID: 10603275 DOI: 10.1006/gcen.1999.7378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This study focuses on the effect of octopamine (OA) on metamorphosis of the silkworm Bombyx mori and the red flour beetle Tribolium freemani Hinton. Titers of OA and juvenile-hormone esterase (JHE) were measured at various larval and pupal stadia of both insects. Effects of OA, OA agonists, and antagonists on metamorphosis and JHE activity were also examined. At day 2, peaks of OA and JHE activity were observed in third instars, and at day 3, a sharp peak of OA was observed, followed by a large peak of JHE activity at day 4 in last instars of B. mori. However, no peaks of OA and JHE activity were observed in fourth instars. A high titer of OA appeared at days 2-4, followed by a peak of JHE activity at day 7 and the second OA peak at day 9 after the start of assay of T. freemani. At pupation, a small peak of OA and the highest activity of JHE were observed. The effects of OA on JHE activity were examined in vitro, because the relationship could be responsible for triggering pupation in B. mori and T. freemani larvae. Exogeneous OA (0.1-10 mM) stimulated the JHE activity of final instars (day 2) of B. mori in vitro. Similarly, the presence of OA (10 mM) activated the JHE activity of newly ecdysed T. freemani pupae in vitro. OA antagonists chlorpromazine and gramine delayed the start of spinning and reduced the JHE activity of B. mori, when applied in diet at 10-100 ppm. Some OA agonists stimulated the pupation and JHE activity of T. freemani larvae reared under crowded conditions, when topically applied. Thus, OA may contribute to activation of the events preparatory to a pupal molt, i.e., the secretion of OA increases JHE activity followed by stimulation of pupation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hirashima
- Graduate School, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan.
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Gruntenko NE, Khlebodarova TM, Vasenkova IA, Kaidanov LZ. Prolonged negative selection of Drosophila melanogaster for a character of adaptive significance disturbs stress reactivity. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1999; 29:445-452. [PMID: 10380656 DOI: 10.1016/s0965-1748(99)00021-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The metabolism of juvenile hormone by JH-esterase and JH-epoxide hydrolase, and octopamine by tyrosine decarboxylase were studied under normal and stress conditions in flies of two related lines of D. melanogaster. One was selected for high (HA line) and another for low (LA line) male sexual activity for more than 700 generations. It was demonstrated that prolonged selection for low male sexual activity results in considerable changes in both systems. Tyrosine decarboxylase activity in males and females of the LA line was sharply reduced as compared with those of the HA and control Canton-S lines; JH-esterase and JH-epoxide hydrolase activities were decreased in females, and not in males, of the LA line. It was demonstrated that the response of both metabolic systems to heat stress is impaired in individuals of the LA line: the system of juvenile hormone metabolism does not respond to stress, and that of octopamine metabolism is decelerated. The role of juvenile hormone metabolism in male reproductive function is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Gruntenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, Russia
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33
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Rauschenbach IY, Sukhanova MJ, Shumnaya LV, Gruntenko NE, Grenback LG, Khlebodarova TM, Chentsova NA. Role of DOPA decarboxylase and N-acetyl transferase in regulation of dopamine content in Drosophila virilis under normal and heat stress conditions. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1997; 27:729-734. [PMID: 9443373 DOI: 10.1016/s0965-1748(97)00051-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Activity levels of DOPA decarboxylase (DDC), an enzyme responsible for dopamine (DA) synthesis, and of N-acetyl transferase (NAT), an enzyme responsible for its degradation, were studied under normal and stress conditions in two lines of Drosophila virilis which are in contrast concerning their DA content under normal conditions and its alterations under stress. Interlinear differences in DDC activity were detected, and genetic analysis was carried out. It was found out that neither DDC nor NAT activity in D. virilis changed under stress. Based on the results of this study and data obtained earlier by the authors, a mechanism of DA content control under normal and stress conditions was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Y Rauschenbach
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Department, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Khlebodarova TM, Gruntenko NE, Grenback LG, Sukhanova MZ, Mazurov MM, Rauschenbach IY, Tomas BA, Hammock BD. A comparative analysis of juvenile hormone metabolyzing enzymes in two species of Drosophila during development. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1996; 26:829-835. [PMID: 9014329 DOI: 10.1016/s0965-1748(96)00043-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The course of changes in the activities of enzymes degrading juvenile hormone (JH), epoxyde hydrolase (JHEH) and JH-esterase (JHE) was studied in two lines of Drosophila virilis (101 and 147) and in two lines of D. melanogaster (Canton-S and 921283). It was established for D. virilis that changes in the JH titre during pupal-adult development is determined by the activity level of JHE rather then JHEH, while in D. melanogaster developmental changes in JH titre are related to changes in the activity level of both JHE and JHEH. In adults of D. virilis, the high level of JH-hydrolysing activity is determined by JHE and in those of D. melanogaster by JHEH. Differences in the course of changes in the JHE activity level between adults of lines 101 and 147 of D. virilis were found, and also in the JHEH activity level between adults of lines Canton S and 921283 of D. melanogaster. It was shown that attainment of a definite JHE activity level in females of lines 101 and 147 agrees well with the onset of oviposition of fertilized eggs. The possible role of JHE in reproduction of D. virilis is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Khlebodarova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Department, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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35
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Hirashima A, Nagano T, Takeya R, Eto M. Effect of larval density on whole-body biogenic amine levels of Tribolium freemani hinton. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0742-8413(93)90162-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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36
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Schaub GA. The effect of Blastocrithidia triatomae (Trypanosomatidae) on the reduviid bug Triatoma infestans: influence of group size. J Invertebr Pathol 1990; 56:249-57. [PMID: 2125629 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2011(90)90108-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Developmental time and mortality in uninfected larvae of the reduviid bug Triatoma infestans and in those infected by feeding a mixture of blood and cysts of the homoxenous trypanosomatid Blastocrithidia triatomae were compared. Larvae were maintained isolated in 77-cm3 (area 9.6 cm2) beakers or in groups of 20, 30, 40, and 50 bugs per 1-liter beaker (area 722 cm2). In uninfected groups, only a minor proportion of isolated bugs showed delayed development, but in groups infected with B. triatomae, additionally, a retardation in groups of 50 larvae occurred. Infected bugs needed more time to complete development in fourth and fifth instar than did uninfected bugs. Mean mortality rates of about 10% in uninfected groups were unaffected by group size. Mortality rates in most groups of infected bugs were about 50%, but in groups consisting of 50 larvae a statistically significant higher mortality rate of 75% was observed. This indicates a subpathological overcrowding stress, increased by the synergistic action of the flagellate.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Schaub
- Institut für Biologie I (Zoologie), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Federal Republic of Germany
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37
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BODNARYK ROBERTP. An endocrine-based temperature block of development in the pupa of the Bertha Armyworm,Mamestra configuraraWlk. INVERTEBR REPROD DEV 1989. [DOI: 10.1080/07924259.1989.9672019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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