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Smyda-Dajmund P, Śliwka J, Wasilewicz-Flis I, Jakuczun H, Zimnoch-Guzowska E. Genetic composition of interspecific potato somatic hybrids and autofused 4x plants evaluated by DArT and cytoplasmic DNA markers. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2016; 35:1345-58. [PMID: 26993327 PMCID: PMC4869754 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-016-1966-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Using DArT analysis, we demonstrated that all Solanum × michoacanum (+) S. tuberosum somatic hybrids contained all parental chromosomes. However, from 13.9 to 29.6 % of the markers from both parents were lost in the hybrids. Somatic hybrids are an interesting material for research of nucleus-cytoplasm interaction and sources of new nuclear and cytoplasmic combinations. Analyses of genomes of somatic hybrids are essential for studies on genome compatibility between species, its evolution and are important for their efficient exploitation. Diversity array technology (DArT) permits analysis of the composition of nuclear DNA of somatic hybrids. The nuclear genome compositions of 97 Solanum × michoacanum (+) S. tuberosum [mch (+) tbr] somatic hybrids from five fusion combinations and 11 autofused 4x mch were analyzed for the first time based on DArT markers. Out of 5358 DArT markers generated in a single assay, greater than 2000 markers were polymorphic between parents, of which more than 1500 have a known chromosomal location on potato genetic or physical map. DArT markers were distributed along the entire length of 12 chromosomes. We noticed elimination of markers of wild and tbr fusion components. The nuclear genome of individual somatic hybrids was diversified. Mch is a source of resistance to Phytophthora infestans. From 97 mch (+) tbr somatic hybrids, two hybrids and all 11 autofused 4x mch were resistant to P. infestans. The analysis of the structure of particular hybrids' chromosomes indicated the presence of markers from both parental genomes as well as missing markers spread along the full length of the chromosome. Markers specific to chloroplast DNA and mitochondrial DNA were used for analysis of changes within the organellar genomes of somatic hybrids. Random and non-random segregations of organellar DNA were noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Smyda-Dajmund
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute, Młochów Research Center, Platanowa 19, 05-831, Młochów, Poland.
| | - Jadwiga Śliwka
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute, Młochów Research Center, Platanowa 19, 05-831, Młochów, Poland
| | - Iwona Wasilewicz-Flis
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute, Młochów Research Center, Platanowa 19, 05-831, Młochów, Poland
| | - Henryka Jakuczun
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute, Młochów Research Center, Platanowa 19, 05-831, Młochów, Poland
| | - Ewa Zimnoch-Guzowska
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute, Młochów Research Center, Platanowa 19, 05-831, Młochów, Poland
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K. Sree Ramulu
- Department of Genetics; University of Groningen; Haren
- Research Institute Ital; Wageningen The Netherlands
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Chen L, Guo X, Xie C, He L, Cai X, Tian L, Song B, Liu J. Nuclear and cytoplasmic genome components of Solanum tuberosum + S. chacoense somatic hybrids and three SSR alleles related to bacterial wilt resistance. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2013; 126:1861-72. [PMID: 23580089 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-013-2098-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The somatic hybrids were derived previously from protoplast fusion between Solanum tuberosum and S. chacoense to gain the bacterial wilt resistance from the wild species. The genome components analysis in the present research was to clarify the nuclear and cytoplasmic composition of the hybrids, to explore the molecular markers associated with the resistance, and provide information for better use of these hybrids in potato breeding. One hundred and eight nuclear SSR markers and five cytoplasmic specific primers polymorphic between the fusion parents were used to detect the genome components of 44 somatic hybrids. The bacterial wilt resistance was assessed thrice by inoculating the in vitro plants with a bacterial suspension of race 1. The disease index, relative disease index, and resistance level were assigned to each hybrid, which were further analyzed in relation to the molecular markers for elucidating the potential genetic base of the resistance. All of the 317 parental unique nuclear SSR alleles appeared in the somatic hybrids with some variations in the number of bands detected. Nearly 80 % of the hybrids randomly showed the chloroplast pattern of one parent, and most of the hybrids exhibited a fused mitochondrial DNA pattern. One hundred and nine specific SSR alleles of S. chacoense were analyzed for their relationship with the disease index of the hybrids, and three alleles were identified to be significantly associated with the resistance. Selection for the resistant SSR alleles of S. chacoense may increase the possibility of producing resistant pedigrees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- National Center for Vegetable Improvement (Central China), Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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Techio VH, Davide LC, Pereira AV. Meiosis in elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum), pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) (Poaceae, Poales) and their interspecific hybrids. Genet Mol Biol 2006. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572006000200025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Fock I, Collonnier C, Purwito A, Luisetti J, Souvannavong V, Vedel F, Servaes A, Ambroise A, Kodja H, Ducreux G, Sihachakr D. Resistance to bacterial wilt in somatic hybrids between Solanum tuberosum and Solanum phureja. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2000; 160:165-176. [PMID: 11164589 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-9452(00)00375-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Somatic hybrid plants were produced after protoplast electrofusion between a dihaploid potato, cv. BF15, and a wild tuber-bearing relative, Solanum phureja, with a view to transferring bacterial wilt resistance into potato lines. A total of ten putative hybrids were selected. DNA analysis using flow cytometry revealed that six were tetraploids, two mixoploids, one amphiploid and one octoploid. In the greenhouse, the putative hybrids exhibited strong vigor and were morphologically intermediate, including leaf form, flowers and tuber characteristics. The hybrid nature of the ten selected plants was confirmed by examining isoenzyme patterns for esterases and peroxidases, and analysis of RAPD and SSR markers. Analysis of chloroplast genome revealed that eight hybrids possessed chloroplast (ct) DNA of the wild species, S. phureja, and only two contained Solanum tuberosum ct type. Six hybrid clones, including five tetraploids and one amphiploid, were evaluated for resistance to bacterial wilt by using race 1 and race 3 strains of Ralstonia solanacearum, originating from Reunion Island. Inoculations were performed by an in vitro root dipping method. The cultivated potato was susceptible to both bacterial strains tested. All somatic hybrids except two were tolerant to race 1 strain, and susceptible to race 3 strain. Interestingly, the amphiploid hybrid clone showed a good tolerance to both strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Fock
- Morphogenèse Végétale Expérimentale, Bât. 360 Université Paris Sud, 91405 Cedex, Orsay, France
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Baptista-Giacomelli FR, Pagliarini MS, Almeida JLD. Elimination of micronuclei from microspores in a Brazilian oat (Avena sativa L.) variety. Genet Mol Biol 2000. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572000000300029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome elimination in interspecific hybrids is a powerful tool in breeding programs. Of 12 Brazilian oat varieties recommended for cultivation in southern Brazil, one variety, UFRGS 15, presented a new type of chromosome elimination never described in any other species. Chromosomes that produced micronuclei during meiosis were eliminated from microspores as microcytes. The micronucleus reached the microspore wall and formed a kind of bud, separated from the microspore. The eliminated microcytes gave origin to small and sterile pollen grains. The possible applications of this finding for oat breeding are discussed.
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The potential of somatic hybridization in crop breeding. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-0357-2_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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Daunay MC, Chaput MH, Sihachakr D, Allot M, Vedel F, Ducreux G. Production and characterization of fertile somatic hybrids of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) with Solanum aethiopicum L. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1993; 85:841-850. [PMID: 24196058 DOI: 10.1007/bf00225027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/1992] [Accepted: 06/03/1992] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In order to produce fertile somatic hybrids, mesophyll protoplasts from eggplant were electrofused with those from one of its close related species, Solanum aethiopicum L. Aculeatum group. On the basis of differences in the cultural behavior of the parental and hybrid protoplasts, 35 somatic hybrid plants were recovered from 85 selected calli. When taken to maturity either in the greenhouse or in the field, the hybrid plants were vigorous, all rapidly overtopping parental individuals. The putative hybrids were intermediate with respect to morphological traits, and all of their organs were larger, particularly the leaves and stems. DNA analysis of the hybrids using flow cytometry in combination with cytological analysis showed that 32 were tetraploids, 1 hexaploid and 2 mixoploids. The hybrid nature of the 35 selected plants was confirmed by a comparison of the isoenzyme patterns of isocitrate dehydrogenase (Idh), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-Pgd) and phosphoglucomutase (Pgm). Chloroplast DNA (ctDNA) restriction analysis using Bam HI revealed that among the 27 hybrid plants analyzed, 10 had S. aethiopicum patterns and the 17 remaining hybrids exhibited bands identical with those of eggplant without any changes. All of the somatic hybrid plants flowered. Both parental plants had 94% stainable pollen, while the hybrids varied widely in pollen viability ranging from 30% to 85%. The somatic hybrids showed high significant variation in fruit production. Nevertheless, there was a tendency for low fertility to be associated often with S. aethiopicum chloroplast type and/or with an abnormal ploidy level, while good fertility was mostly associated with the tetraploid level and eggplant chloroplasts. Interestingly, 2 tetraploid somatic hybrid clones were among the most productive, yielding up to 9 kg/plant. As far as the fertility of the F1 sexual counterpart was concerned, only 2 fruits of 50 g were obtained. Hybrid fertility in relation to phylogenetic affinities of the fusion partners is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Daunay
- Research Station for the Improvement of Market Plants, I.N.R.A., Domaine Saint Maurice, BP 94, F-84140, Montfavet, France
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Waara S, Pijnacker L, Ferwerda MA, Wallin A, Eriksson T. A cytogenetic and phenotypic characterization of somatic hybrid plants obtained after fusion of two different dihaploid clones of potato (Solatium tuberosum L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1992; 85:470-479. [PMID: 24197462 DOI: 10.1007/bf00222329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/1992] [Accepted: 04/23/1992] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Somatic hybrid plants of various ploidy levels obtained after chemical fusion between two dihaploid clones of potato Solanum tuberosum L. have been analysed by cytological, morphological and molecular methods. The hybrid nature of tetraploid and hexaploid plants and the genome dosage in hexaploid hybrids were confirmed by Giemsa C-banding. Tetraploid and hexaploid hybrids showed numerical as well as structural chromosome mutations. The latter occurred mainly in the nuclear organizing chromosome. The tetraploid hybrids were more vigorous than the dihaploid parents as demonstrated by an increase in height, enlargement of leaves, increase in the number of internodes, restored potential for flowering and increased tuber yield. The grouping of tetraploid somatic hybrids into various classes on the basis of leaf morphology revealed that plants with a full chromosome complement were more uniform than aneuploids. Many hexaploid somatic hybrids were also more vigorous than the dihaploid parents and could be grouped into two different classes on the basis of floral colour and tuber characteristics, the differences being due to their different dosage of parental genomes. Most of the tetraploid somatic hybrids showed pollen development halted at the tetrad stage as one of the parental clones contained a S. Stoloniferum cytoplasm. However, one tetraploid plant produced pollen grains with high viability. The chloroplast genome in the hybrid plants was determined by RFLP analysis. All of the hybrids had a cpDNA pattern identical to one parent, which contained either S. Tuberosum or S. Stoloniferum cpDNA. A slight preference for S. Tuberosum plastids were observed in hybrid plants. No correlation between pollen development and plastid type could be detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Waara
- Department of Physiological Botany, University of Uppsala, Box 540, S-751 21, Uppsala, Sweden
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Gilissen LJ, van Staveren MJ, Verhoeven HA, Sree Ramulu K. Somatic hybridization between potato and Nicotiana plumbaginifolia : 1. Spontaneous biparental chromosome elimination and production of asymmetric hybrids. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1992; 84:73-80. [PMID: 24203030 DOI: 10.1007/bf00223983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/1991] [Accepted: 10/09/1991] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Electrofusion was carried out between mesophyll protoplasts from the transformed diploid S. tuberosum clone 413 (2n=2x=24) which contains various genetic markers (hormone autotrophy, opine synthesis, kanamycin resistance, β-glucuronidase activity) and mesophyll protoplasts of a diploid wild-type clone of N. plumbaginifolia (2n=2x=20). Hybrid calli were obtained after continuous culture on selection medium containing kanamycin. Parental chromosome numbers, determined at 2 months after fusion, revealed hybrid-specific differences between the individual calli. On the basis of these differences three categories of hybrids were distinguished. Category I hybrids contained between 8 and 24 potato chromosomes and more than 20 N. plumbaginifolia chromosomes; category II hybrids had between 1 and 20 N. plumbaginifolia chromosomes and more than 24 potato chromosomes; category III hybrids contained diploid or subdiploid numbers of chromosomes from both parents. The hybrids were evenly distributed over the three categories. After a 1-year culture of 24 representative hybrid callus lines on selection medium the karyotype of 10 hybrids remained stable, whereas 8 hybrids showed polyploidization of the genome of one parent, together with no or minor changes of the chromosome numbers of the other parent. Six hybrids showed slight changes in the hybrid karyotype. The elimination of chromosomes of a particular parent was not correlated to their metaphase location. The processes of spontaneous biparental chromosome elimination leading to the production of asymmetric hybrids of different categories are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Gilissen
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Plant Breeding and Reproduction Research CPRO-DLO, P.O. Box 16, NL-6700, AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Mattheij WM, Puite KJ. Tetraploid potato hybrids through protoplast fusions and analysis of their performance in the field. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1992; 83:807-812. [PMID: 24202757 DOI: 10.1007/bf00226701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/1991] [Accepted: 07/09/1991] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Data on the production of tetraploid hybrid plants after electrofusion of protoplasts from various diploid (2n = 2x =24) Solarium tuberosum and S. phureja are reported. Ten different fusion combinations were used. Six hybrids with the tetraploid chromosome number 2n=4x=48 were tested under field conditions for their performance in various agronomic traits (tuber type, tuber yield, underwater weight of tubers, numbers of tubers, mean weight per tuber). Tuber yield in five of the six hybrid clones was similar to that of cv Bintje. One hybrid clone (35-4) had three times higher tuber yield than cv Bintje. The mean tuber weight of this hybrid was similar to that of cv Bintje. The results of this study prove that fertile tetraploid somatic hybrids having similar or higher tuber yield than that of cv Bintje can be obtained through somatic hybridization. This technique is now included in commercial potato breeding programs in The Netherlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Mattheij
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Plant Breeding and Reproduction Research CPRO, PO Box 16, NL-6700, Wageningen, AA, The Netherlands
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Pijnacker LP, Ferwerda MA. Nucleolar organizer function in developing potato calli. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1991; 82:587-592. [PMID: 24213337 DOI: 10.1007/bf00226794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/1991] [Accepted: 02/20/1991] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The number of transcriptionally active nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) of one monohaploid, one dihaploid and two tetraploids of Solanum tuberosum and one diploid S. phureja was established by the silver staining of metaphases in root meristems and in in vitro-cultured leaf explants. The maximum number of active NORs per cell was one per haploid set of chromosomes. One or more NORs could be inactive in cells of the tetraploid meristems and in non-polyploidized and polyploidized cells of the dihaploid and tetraploid explants. Inactivation was determined by genotype and tissue and could remain constant during in vitro culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- L P Pijnacker
- Department of Genetics, Centre of Biological Sciences, University of Groningen, P. O. Box 14, NL-9750, AA Haren, The Netherlands
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Clulow SA, Wilkinson MJ, Waugh R, Baird E, Demaine MJ, Powell W. Cytological and molecular observations on Solanum phureja-induced dihaploid potatoes. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1991; 82:545-551. [PMID: 24213332 DOI: 10.1007/bf00226789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/1990] [Accepted: 01/08/1991] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Seventeen potato dihaploids, produced by pollinating the tetraploid (2n = 48) cv 'Pentland Crown' with pollen from Solanum phureja (2n = 24) dihaploid inducer clones, were studied. Since dihaploids are thought to develop parthenogenetically from unfertilized ovules they were expected to be euploid (2n = 24), but somatic chromosome counts showed that 15 of the 17 dihaploids were aneusomatic. Ten of the clones were predominantly diploid (2n = 24) with a proportion of hyperploid cells that contained 25 or 26 chromosomes. Five of the dihaploids contained variable numbers of triploid cells (2n = 36). RFLP analysis was used to determine whether the additional chromosomes were from S. phureja or S. tuberosum. Unique hybridizing fragments present in S. phureja but not in 'Pentland Crown' were identified. These S. phureja-specific restriction fragments were present in some of the dihaploid offspring of 'Pentland Crown'. Of the 5 clones that contained triploid cells 4 had S. phureja type banding. Four of the 10 aneusomatic clones that contained hyperploid cells had the unique S. phureja hybridizing fragments. We propose that ovules of 'Pentland Crown' were fertilized by pollen from S. phureja and that the aneusomatic clones were derived from triploid zygotes from which some of the S. phureja chromosomes were eliminated. We consider that this is an additional mechanism of dihaploid formation in potato.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Clulow
- Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, DD2 5DA, Dundee, UK
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Wijbrandi J, Posthuma A, Kok JM, Rijken R, Vos JG, Koornneef M. Asymmetric somatic hybrids between Lycopersicon esculentum and irradiated Lycopersicon peruvianum : 1. Cytogenetics and morphology. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1990; 80:305-312. [PMID: 24220961 DOI: 10.1007/bf00210064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/1990] [Accepted: 04/23/1990] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric somatic hybrids of Lycopersicon esculentum and Lycopersicon peruvianum were obtained by fusion of leaf protoplasts from both species after irradiation of protoplasts or leaf tissue of L. peruvianum with 50, 300, or 1,000 Gy of gamma-rays. These radiation doses were sufficient to abolish the growth of the L. peruvianum protoplasts. The hybrids were selected for their ability to regenerate plants; this regeneration capacity derived from L. peruvianum. All asymmetric hybrid plants were aneuploid. The ploidy level, the morphology, and the regeneration rate were analyzed in relation to the radiation dose applied to L. peruvianum. After a low dose (50 Gy), most hybrids had near-triploid chromosome numbers, whereas after a high dose (300 or 1,000 Gy), most hybrids had near-pentaploid numbers. The morphology of the asymmetric hybrids was intermediate between that of L. esculentum and symmetric somatic hybrids of both species (obtained without irradiation treatment), and approached the morphology of L. esculentum to a greater extent after a high dose of irradiation. The asymmetric hybrids regenerated more slowly than the symmetric hybrids and regeneration proceeded more slowly after a high dose than after a low dose of irradiation. The high-dose hybrids also grew more slowly, flowered less, and set fruits less than the low-dose hybrids. No seeds could be obtained from any asymmetric hybrid.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wijbrandi
- Department of Genetics, Agricultural University, Dreijenlaan 2, NL-6703, HA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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