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Huang J, Zhang Y, Chen J, Zhang Z, Zhang C, Huang C, Fei L. Surface topology of MXene flakes induces the selection of the sintering mechanism for supported Pt nanoparticles. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc03284e. [PMID: 39170721 PMCID: PMC11333939 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc03284e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Sintering of metal nanocatalysts leading to particle growth and subsequent performance deactivation is a primary issue that hinders their practical applications. While metal-support interaction (MSI) is considered as the critical factor which influences the sintering behavior, the underlying microscopic mechanism and kinetics remain incompletely understood. Here, by using in situ scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and theoretical analysis, we reveal the selection rule of the sintering mechanism for Pt nanoparticles on a two-dimensional (2D) MXene (Ti3C2T x ) support, which relies on the surface topology of MXene flakes. It is demonstrated that the sintering of Pt nanoparticles proceeds via Ostwald ripening (OR) in the surface defect (such as steps and pore edges) regions of MXene flakes due to strong MSI on the Pt/MXene interface; conversely, weak MSI between Pt nanoparticles and the planar surface of MXene leads to prevalent particle migration and coalescence (PMC) for sintering. Furthermore, our quantitative analysis shows a significant divergence in sintering rates for PMC and OR processes. These microscopic observations suggest a clear "sintering mechanism-MSI" relationship for Pt/MXene nanocatalysts and may shed light on the design of novel nanocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Huang
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Nanchang University Nanchang 330031 China
| | - Yucheng Zhang
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Nanchang University Nanchang 330031 China
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Nanchang University Nanchang 330031 China
| | - Zhouyang Zhang
- School of Materials and New Energy, Ningxia University Yinchuan 750021 China
| | - Chunfang Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University Baoding 071002 China
| | - Changshui Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Linfeng Fei
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Nanchang University Nanchang 330031 China
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2
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Wang N, Sun Q, Yu J. Ultrasmall Metal Nanoparticles Confined within Crystalline Nanoporous Materials: A Fascinating Class of Nanocatalysts. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1803966. [PMID: 30276888 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201803966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Crystalline nanoporous materials with uniform porous structures, such as zeolites and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), have proven to be ideal supports to encapsulate ultrasmall metal nanoparticles (MNPs) inside their void nanospaces to generate high-efficiency nanocatalysts. The nanopore-encaged metal catalysts exhibit superior catalytic performance as well as high stability and catalytic shape selectivity endowed by the nanoporous matrix. In addition, the synergistic effect of confined MNPs and nanoporous frameworks with active sites can further promote the catalytic activities of the composite catalysts. Herein, recent progress in nanopore-encaged metal nanocatalysts is reviewed, with a special focus on advances in synthetic strategies for ultrasmall MNPs (<5 nm), clusters, and even single atoms confined within zeolites and MOFs for various heterogeneous catalytic reactions. In addition, some advanced characterization methods to elucidate the atomic-scale structures of the nanocatalysts are presented, and the current limitations of and future opportunities for these fantastic nanocatalysts are also highlighted and discussed. The aim is to provide some guidance for the rational synthesis of nanopore-encaged metal catalysts and to inspire their further applications to meet the emerging demands in catalytic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Qiming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Jihong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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Shamzhy M, Opanasenko M, Concepción P, Martínez A. New trends in tailoring active sites in zeolite-based catalysts. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:1095-1149. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00887f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses approaches for tailoring active sites in extra-large pore, nanocrystalline, and hierarchical zeolites and their performance in emerging catalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Shamzhy
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Charles University in Prague
- 12840 Prague 2
- Czech Republic
| | - Maksym Opanasenko
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Charles University in Prague
- 12840 Prague 2
- Czech Republic
| | - Patricia Concepción
- Instituto de Tecnología Química
- Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UPV-CSIC)
- 46022 Valencia
- Spain
| | - Agustín Martínez
- Instituto de Tecnología Química
- Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UPV-CSIC)
- 46022 Valencia
- Spain
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Selvaraj T, Renganathan R. Influence of Different Zeolite Frameworks on the Geometry of Platinum(II)tetraammine Complex. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:2558-2563. [PMID: 31458544 PMCID: PMC6641317 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b02069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The structural changes in the guest platinum(II)tetraammine complex due to the steric and electronic interactions with the host zeolite frameworks LTL, MWW, and Y have been investigated using density functional theory calculations. It is observed that the square planar geometry of platinum(II)tetraammine complex has been distorted to nonplanar geometry when encapsulated in supercages of zeolite framework. The distortion is found to be higher in LTL than that in Y and MWW frameworks, without affecting the nature of the zeolite framework. Geometrical parameters, highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energies, global hardness, and softness were calculated to understand the distortion in the pores of the zeolite matrix. The most plausible active site of the complex was identified using the Fukui functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamilmani Selvaraj
- School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamilnadu, India
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6
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Lira E, Merte LR, Behafarid F, Ono LK, Zhang L, Roldan Cuenya B. Role and Evolution of Nanoparticle Structure and Chemical State during the Oxidation of NO over Size- and Shape-Controlled Pt/γ-Al2O3 Catalysts under Operando Conditions. ACS Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/cs500137r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Lira
- Department
of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - L. R. Merte
- Department
of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - F. Behafarid
- Department
of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - L. K. Ono
- Department
of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - L. Zhang
- Center
for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - B. Roldan Cuenya
- Department
of Physics, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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Visser T, Nijhuis TA, van der Eerden AMJ, Jenken K, Ji Y, Bras W, Nikitenko S, Ikeda Y, Lepage M, Weckhuysen BM. Promotion effects in the oxidation of CO over zeolite-supported Pt nanoparticles. J Phys Chem B 2007; 109:3822-31. [PMID: 16851431 DOI: 10.1021/jp044767f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Well-defined Pt-nanoparticles with an average diameter of 1 nm supported on a series of zeolite Y samples containing different monovalent (H+, Na+, K+, Rb+, and Cs+) and divalent (Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, and Ba2+) cations have been used as model systems to investigate the effect of promotor elements in the oxidation of CO in excess oxygen. Time-resolved infrared spectroscopy measurements allowed us to study the temperature-programmed desorption of CO from supported Pt nanoparticles to monitor the electronic changes in the local environment of adsorbed CO. It was found that the red shift of the linear Pt-coordinated CO vibration compared to that of gas-phase CO increases with an increasing cation radius-to-charge ratio. In addition, a systematic shift from linear (L) to bridge (B) bonded CO was observed for decreasing Lewis acidity, as expressed by the Kamlet-Taft parameter alpha. A decreasing alpha results in an increasing electron charge on the framework oxygen atoms and therefore an increasing electron charge on the supported Pt nanoparticles. This observation was confirmed with X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and the intensity of the experimental Pt atomic XAFS correlates with the Lewis acidity of the cation introduced. Furthermore, it was found that the CO coverage increases with increasing electron density on the Pt nanoparticles. This increasing electron density was found to result in an increased CO oxidation activity; i.e., the T(50%) for CO oxidation decreases with decreasing alpha. In other words, basic promotors facilitate the chemisorption of CO on the Pt particles. The most promoted CO oxidation catalyst is a Pt/K-Y sample, which has a T(50%) of 390 K and a L:B intensity ratio of 2.7. The obtained results provide guidelines to design improved CO oxidation catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Visser
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute, Utrecht University, Sorbonnelaan 16, 3584 CA Utrecht, The Netherlands
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8
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Silva E, Silva J, Massiani P, Ribeiro F, Ribeiro M. Effect of Cs impregnation on the properties of platinum in Pt/Na-BEA and Pt/Cs-BEA catalysts. Catal Today 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2005.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Problems of structural characterization of oxide-type samples with X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Microchem J 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0026-265x(02)00006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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10
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Jia C, Antunes A, Silva J, Ribeiro M, Lavergna M, Kermarec M, Massiani P. Basic Csß — A new support for Pt nanoparticles active in aromatization of parafins. STUDIES IN SURFACE SCIENCE AND CATALYSIS 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-2991(00)80927-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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11
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12
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Influence of Cesium in Pt/NaCsβ on the Physico-Chemical and Catalytic Properties of the Pt Clusters in the Aromatization ofn-Hexane. J Catal 1999. [DOI: 10.1006/jcat.1998.2314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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Comparative Study ofn-Hexane Aromatization on Pt/KL, Pt/Mg(Al)O, and Pt/SiO2Catalysts: Clean and Sulfur-Containing Feeds. J Catal 1998. [DOI: 10.1006/jcat.1998.2176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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14
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Platinum Clusters Supported in Zeolite LTL: Influence of Catalyst Morphology on Performance inn-Hexane Reforming. J Catal 1998. [DOI: 10.1006/jcat.1998.2229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Iridium Clusters Supported on γ-Al2O3: Structural Characterization and Catalysis of Toluene Hydrogenation. J Catal 1998. [DOI: 10.1006/jcat.1998.2053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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17
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Cimini F, Prins R. EXAFS Characterization of Rh−Pt Metal Clusters Supported on NaY Zeolite. J Phys Chem B 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9640538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Cimini
- Laboratory of Technical Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Universitätstrasse 6, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - R. Prins
- Laboratory of Technical Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Universitätstrasse 6, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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18
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Iridium Clusters in KLTL Zeolite: Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Catalysis of Toluene Hydrogenation andn-Hexane Dehydrocyclization. J Catal 1997. [DOI: 10.1006/jcat.1997.1700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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19
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20
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Preparation of Highly Dispersed Platinum Particles in HZSM-5 Zeolite: A Study of the Pretreatment Process of [Pt(NH3)4]2+. J Catal 1997. [DOI: 10.1006/jcat.1997.1600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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Deutsch SE, Mestl G, Knözinger H, Gates BC. MgO-Supported Tetrairidium Clusters: Evidence of the Metal−Support Interface Structure from X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9625725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. E. Deutsch
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Davis, California 95616, and Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Ludwig-Maximillians Universität München, Sophienstrasse 11, 80333 München, Germany
| | - G. Mestl
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Davis, California 95616, and Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Ludwig-Maximillians Universität München, Sophienstrasse 11, 80333 München, Germany
| | - H. Knözinger
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Davis, California 95616, and Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Ludwig-Maximillians Universität München, Sophienstrasse 11, 80333 München, Germany
| | - B. C. Gates
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Davis, California 95616, and Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Ludwig-Maximillians Universität München, Sophienstrasse 11, 80333 München, Germany
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22
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An X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy Determination of the Morphology of Palladium Particles in K L-Zeolite. J Catal 1997. [DOI: 10.1006/jcat.1997.1470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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23
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BARTHOMEUF∗ DENISE. Basic Zeolites: Characterization and Uses in Adsorption and Catalysis. CATALYSIS REVIEWS-SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 1996. [DOI: 10.1080/01614949608006465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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24
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Deutsch SE, Miller JT, Tomishige K, Iwasawa Y, Weber WA, Gates BC. Supported Ir and Pt Clusters: Reactivity with Oxygen Investigated by Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jp960507p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. E. Deutsch
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Davis, California 95616, Amoco Oil Company, Research and Development Department, P.O. Box 3011, Naperville, Illinois 60566, and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan
| | - J. T. Miller
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Davis, California 95616, Amoco Oil Company, Research and Development Department, P.O. Box 3011, Naperville, Illinois 60566, and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan
| | - K. Tomishige
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Davis, California 95616, Amoco Oil Company, Research and Development Department, P.O. Box 3011, Naperville, Illinois 60566, and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan
| | - Y. Iwasawa
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Davis, California 95616, Amoco Oil Company, Research and Development Department, P.O. Box 3011, Naperville, Illinois 60566, and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan
| | - W. A. Weber
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Davis, California 95616, Amoco Oil Company, Research and Development Department, P.O. Box 3011, Naperville, Illinois 60566, and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan
| | - B. C. Gates
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Davis, California 95616, Amoco Oil Company, Research and Development Department, P.O. Box 3011, Naperville, Illinois 60566, and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan
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25
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Cho SJ, Ahn WS, Hong SB, Ryoo R. Investigation of the Platinum Cluster Size and Location on Zeolite KL with 129Xe NMR, XAFS, and Xenon Adsorption. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jp952594b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sung June Cho
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Science, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Taeduk Science Town, Taejon, 305-701 Korea
| | - Wha-Seung Ahn
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Science, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Taeduk Science Town, Taejon, 305-701 Korea
| | - Suk Bong Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Science, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Taeduk Science Town, Taejon, 305-701 Korea
| | - Ryong Ryoo
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Science, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Taeduk Science Town, Taejon, 305-701 Korea
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26
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Zhao A, Gates BC. Hexairidium Clusters Supported on γ-Al2O3: Synthesis, Structure, and Catalytic Activity for Toluene Hydrogenation. J Am Chem Soc 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/ja952996x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Zhao
- Contribution from the Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - B. C. Gates
- Contribution from the Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Davis, California 95616
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27
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Kappers MJ, Miller JT, Koningsberger DC. Deconvolution and Curve Fitting of IR Spectra for CO Adsorbed on Pt/K-LTL: Potassium Promoter Effect and Adsorption Site Distribution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jp952503a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. J. Kappers
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80083, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands, and AMOCO Research Center, P.O. Box 3011, Naperville, Illinois 60566-7011
| | - J. T. Miller
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80083, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands, and AMOCO Research Center, P.O. Box 3011, Naperville, Illinois 60566-7011
| | - D. C. Koningsberger
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80083, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands, and AMOCO Research Center, P.O. Box 3011, Naperville, Illinois 60566-7011
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28
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Gates B. Metal Clusters in Zeolites: Nearly Molecular Catalysts for Hydrocarbon Conversion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-2991(96)80007-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
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29
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30
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FTIR evidence of the formation of platinum carbonyls from Pt metal clusters encaged in KL zeolite. Catal Letters 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00806878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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31
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Xu Z, Xiao FS, Purnell SK, Alexeev O, Kawi S, Deutsch SE, Gates BC. Size-dependent catalytic activity of supported metal clusters. Nature 1994. [DOI: 10.1038/372346a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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32
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Gao Z, Jiang X, Ruan Z, Xu Y. Channel effect ofnC6 aromatization on Pt/KL catalysts. Catal Letters 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00765203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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33
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Chang JR, Xu Z, Purnell S, Gates B. Synthesis and decarbonylation of platinum carbonyl cluster anions in zeolite NaY made basic by treatment with CsOH. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0304-5102(93)87109-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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34
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35
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Han WJ, Kooh AB, Hicks RF. Infrared spectroscopy of carbon monoxide adsorbed on Pt/L zeolite. Catal Letters 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00769438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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36
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Koningsberger DC, Gates BC. Nature of the metal-support interface in supported metal catalysts: Results from X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Catal Letters 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00769664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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37
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