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Nekrasov MP, Ivshina MP, Chernov KG, Kovrigina EA, Evdokimova VM, Thomas AAM, Hershey JWB, Ovchinnikov LP. The mRNA-binding protein YB-1 (p50) prevents association of the eukaryotic initiation factor eIF4G with mRNA and inhibits protein synthesis at the initiation stage. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:13936-43. [PMID: 12582179 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m209145200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytoplasmic messenger ribonucleoprotein particles of mammalian somatic cells contain the protein YB-1, also called p50, as a major core component. YB-1 is multifunctional and involved in regulation of mRNA transcription and translation. Our previous studies demonstrated that YB-1 stimulates initiation of translation in vitro at a low YB-1/mRNA ratio, whereas an increase of YB-1 bound to mRNA resulted in inhibition of protein synthesis in vitro and in vivo. Here we show that YB-1-mediated translation inhibition in a rabbit reticulocyte cell-free system is followed by a decay of polysomes, which is not a result of mRNA degradation or its functional inactivation. The inhibition does not change the ribosome transit time, and therefore, it affects neither elongation nor termination of polypeptide chains and only occurs at the stage of initiation. YB-1 induces accumulation of mRNA in the form of free messenger ribonucleoprotein particles, i.e. it blocks mRNA association with the small ribosomal subunit. The accumulation is accompanied by eukaryotic initiation factor eIF4G dissociation from mRNA. The C-terminal domain of YB-1 is responsible for inhibition of translation as well as the disruption of mRNA interaction with eIF4G.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim P Nekrasov
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290 Russian Federation, Russia
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Manrow RE, Jacobson A. Identification and characterization of developmentally regulated mRNP proteins of Dictyostelium discoideum. Dev Biol 1986; 116:213-27. [PMID: 2426146 DOI: 10.1016/0012-1606(86)90058-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The isolation of poly(A)+ polysomal and nonpolysomal RNPs by oligo(dT)-cellulose chromatography has led to the identification of more than 20 polypeptides that bind to the poly(A)+ mRNA in growing Dictyostelium cells. Most of these polypeptides were identified in experiments using short-wave UV light (254 nm) to crosslink specifically bound proteins to the RNA. Digestion of the RNPs with ribonucleases A and T1 prior to their application to oligo(dT)-cellulose permitted the isolation of the 3' poly(A)-protein complexes. In polysomal RNPs, two major polypeptides, with molecular weights of 31,000 (p31) and 31,500 (p31.5), are bound to poly(A). These proteins can also be purified from cytoplasmic extracts by affinity chromatography on poly(A)-Sepharose. Partial proteolytic digestion of p31 and p31.5 indicates that they are closely related. The UV-crosslinking experiments established that p31 and p31.5 bind to the non-poly(A) segments of mRNA as well. In nonpolysomal RNPs, p31 and a polypeptide with a molecular weight of 29,500 (p29.5) are the major species associated with poly(A). Partial proteolytic digestion of p29.5 indicates that it is closely related to p31 and p31.5. Only small amounts of p29.5 were observed in the polysomal poly(A)-protein complexes. Early in Dictyostelium development, when cellular translation activity is sharply reduced, most of the p29.5, p31 and p31.5 present is selectively degraded. These observations are consistent with a translational role for these proteins.
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Boak AM, Kovacs SA, Agris PF, Chakraborty D, Sarkar S. Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein antigens are absent from 10S translation inhibitory ribonucleoprotein but present in cytoplasmic messenger ribonucleoprotein and polysomes. Arch Biochem Biophys 1986; 248:89-100. [PMID: 2425740 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(86)90404-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A cytoplasmic 10S ribonucleoprotein particle (iRNP), which is isolated from chick embryonic muscle, is a potent inhibitor of mRNA translation in vitro and contains a 4S translation inhibitory RNA species (iRNA). The iRNP particle shows similarity in size to the small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) particles. Certain autoimmune disease patients contain antibodies directed against snRNP antigenic determinants. The possibility that iRNP may be related to the small nuclear particles was tested by immunoreactivity with monospecific autoimmune antibodies to six antigenic determinants (Sm, RNP, PM-1, SS-A (Ro), SS-B (La), and Scl-70). By Ouchterlony immunodiffusion assays, the cytoplasmic 10S iRNP did not show any immunoreactivity. Also, a more sensitive hemagglutination inhibition assay for detecting Sm and RNP antigens failed to show reactivity with the 10S iRNP. Thus, the 10S iRNP particles are distinct from the similarly sized snRNP. However, free and polysomal messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) particles and polysomes also isolated from chick embryonic muscle and analyzed by Ouchterlony immunodiffusion and hemagglutination inhibition for the presence of the antigenic determinants showed reactivity to Sm and RNP autoantibodies, but were not antigenic for the other four antibodies. Some of the Sm antigenic peptides of mRNP particles and polysomes were identical to those purified from calf thymus nuclear extract, as judged by Western blot analysis. The association of Sm with free and polysomal mRNP and polysomes suggests that Sm may be involved in some cytoplasmic aspects of mRNA metabolism, in addition to a nuclear function in mRNA processing.
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De Herdt E, Thoen C, Van Hove L, Roggen E, Piot E, Slegers H. Identification and properties of the 38 000-Mr poly(A)-binding protein of non-polysomal messenger ribonucleoproteins of cryptobiotic gastrulae of Artemia salina. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1984; 139:155-62. [PMID: 6698004 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1984.tb07989.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The Mr-38 000 poly(A)-binding protein interacts with synthetic and natural RNA. A sequence-independent stoichiometry of one protein per 8 - 12 nucleotides is measured by filter binding and sucrose gradient centrifugation. Specificity for the poly(A) sequence is demonstrated from poly(A)/RNA mixing experiments. The poly(A)-binding protein has been identified as the helix-destabilizing protein HD40[Marvil, D. K., Nowak, L. and Szer, W. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 6466 - 6472] and is characterized by the existence of at least seven ionic species with a pI ranging from 9.2 to 6.6. Acidic ionic species are generated by phosphorylation with mRNP-associated protein kinase. Different ionic species are present on free mRNP and ribosomes-mRNP preinitiation complexes. The poly(A)-binding protein affects mRNA translation and (A)4 polyadenylation. The multifunctionality of the protein is discussed.
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Sarkar S. Translational control involving a novel cytoplasmic RNA and ribonucleoprotein. PROGRESS IN NUCLEIC ACID RESEARCH AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1984; 31:267-93. [PMID: 6085172 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6603(08)60380-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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6
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Chakraborty D, Mukherjee AK, Sarkar S, Lee KA, Darveau A, Sonenberg N. Association of cap binding protein-related polypeptides with cytoplasmic RNP particles of chick embryonic muscle. FEBS Lett 1982; 149:29-35. [PMID: 7152032 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(82)81064-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Cap binding protein (CBP)-related polypeptides were identified in different cytoplasmic RNP particles of embryonic chick muscles using monoclonal antibody to purified CBP. A single immunoreactive peptide (Mr 78 000) was present in preparations of both free mRNP particles and a novel 10 S translation inhibitory RNP particle. In contrast, proteins isolated from these particles showed two new low-Mr immunoreactive peptides (Mr 43 000 and Mr 29 000). No CBP related protein could be detected in polysomal mRNP, although an immunoreactive Mr 43 000 CBP-related protein was present in polysomes. The relevance of the association of different CBP-related polypeptides with cytoplasmic RNP particles and polysomes are discussed.
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Johnson TR, Ilan J. Proteins associated with poly(A)+RNA of cockerel liver: effects of estradiol stimulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1982; 79:4088-92. [PMID: 6180435 PMCID: PMC346582 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.79.13.4088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein population of poly(A)-containing messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) from cockerel liver was analyzed before and after estradiol induction. Polysomal and free mRNP were isolated by thermal elution from oligo(dT)-cellulose. The proteins were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis (of which the first dimension was a nonequilibrium pH gradient) and were visualized by silver staining. In order to determine similarities and differences between proteins of various mRNP fractions, trace amounts of 125I-labeled protein from one fraction were coelectrophoresed with stainable amounts of protein from another fraction on the same gel. Of 27 proteins analyzed, 15 were common to polysomal and free mRNP, 7 were specific to polysomal mRNP, and 5 were specific to free mRNP. Moreover, estradiol strongly influenced 11 proteins. Six proteins changed either in relative intensity or in distribution between polysomal and free mRNP fractions. Three major proteins appeared in both fractions, and two additional proteins disappeared from the free mRNP fraction after estradiol treatment. The results suggest that the protein population in polysomal mRNP is quite complex and that the profound influence of estradiol on protein synthesis in cockerel liver may be connected to changes in the protein composition of mRNP.
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De Herdt E, Piot E, Kondo M, Slegers H. The 38,000-Mr poly(A)-binding protein of non-polysomal messenger ribonucleoproteins of cryptobiotic gastrulae of Artemia salina. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1982; 122:453-60. [PMID: 7060586 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1982.tb06459.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The 38,000-Mr poly(A)-binding protein has been purified to near homogeneity from non-polysomal messenger ribonucleoprotein of Artemia salina [Slegers, H., De Herdt, E., and Kondo, M. (1981) Eur. J. Biochem. 117, 111-120]. The protein consists of approximately 357 amino acids and is characterized by a high glycine content of 22.5% and the presence of dimethylarginine. From polynucleotide-protein binding experiments a stoichiometry of 9-11 adenylate and 10-12 uridylate residues per protein molecule is calculated. The polypeptide is devoid of poly(A) polymerase and RNase activities. The poly(A)-binding protein and the helix-destabilizing protein HD40 [Marvil, D. K., Nowak, L., and Szer, W. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 6466-6472] have the same mobility in polyacrylamide/dodecylsulphate gel electrophoresis and exhibit a comparable amino acid composition and protein-polynucleotide stoichiometry. Based on the length of poly(A) sequences of mRNA and from protein-poly(A) binding experiments, a repetitive binding of the 38,000-Mr protein on the poly(A) sequence is demonstrated. The 38,000-Mr protein of cytoplasmic and membrane-bound non-polysomal messenger ribonucleoproteins is also compared.
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Stringer EA, Friend C. Hemin-independent control of globin synthesis in Friend erythroleukemia cells induced to differentiate. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1982; 79:1839-43. [PMID: 6952233 PMCID: PMC346076 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.79.6.1839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A hemin-independent translational inhibitor that prevents synthesis of rabbit globin when uninduced Friend leukemia (FL) cell and rabbit reticulocyte lysates are mixed [Cimadevilla, J. M. & Hardesty, B. (1975) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 63, 931-937] cannot be detected in FL cells induced to differentiate. Mixing of lysates of FL cells induced with hexamethylene bisacetamide or aminonucleoside of puromycin and rabbit reticulocytes does not cause inhibition of rabbit globin synthesis. Induction also results in the cells acquiring sensitivity to the inhibitor from uninduced FL cells. A reduction in total protein synthesis is observed when uninduced and induced FL cell lysates are mixed. Inhibition does not result from competition by an excess of uninduced FL cell mRNA species for the translational machinery because uninduced FL cell lysates retain their inhibitory activity after treatment with micrococcal nuclease. Rabbit globin mRNA recovered from rabbit reticulocyte lysates that have been incubated with lysates of uninduced FL cells can still be translated effectively, indicating that inhibition does not result from modification of other species of mRNA by uninduced FL cell lysates. A switch to hemin-dependent translational control does not follow induction of differentiation. The rate of amino acid incorporation in induced FL cell lysates--like that in uninduced FL cell lysates--is unaffected by omission of exogenous hemin from the system. Its presence is not required to prevent activation of heme-regulated inhibitor. From these data, it is clear that the control of protein synthesis in FL cells--whether or not they are induced--is different from that regulated by hemin in normal erythroid cells.
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Mukherjee A, Sarkar S. The translational inhibitor 10 S cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein of chick embryonic muscle. Dissociation and reassociation. J Biol Chem 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)68591-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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11
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van Venrooij WJ, Sillekens PT, van Eekelen CA, Reinders RJ. On the association of mRNA with the cytoskeleton in uninfected and adenovirus-infected human KB cells. Exp Cell Res 1981; 135:79-91. [PMID: 7286081 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(81)90301-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Slegers H, De Herdt E, Kondo M. Non-polysomal poly(A)-containing messenger ribonucleoproteins of cryptobiotic gastrulae of Artemia salina. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1981; 117:111-20. [PMID: 6114861 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1981.tb06309.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Non-polysomal poly(A)-containing messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) of Artemia salina has been isolated by thermal chromatography on oligo(dT)-cellulose in moderate (250 mM) and low (50 mM NaCl and 5 mM MgCl2) ionic strength. The purified particles sedimented between 5 S and 30 S and banded at a density of 1.38-1.40 g/cm3 and 1.26-1.27 g/cm3 in CsCl and sucrose isopycnic centrifugation, respectively. The translatability of the mRNP in a cell-free system depended on the conditions of isolation. The protein composition of the free mRNP is independent of the conditions used in oligo(dT)-cellulose chromatography. The proteins have Mr of 87,000, 76,000, 65,000, 50,000, 45,000, 38,000 and 23,500. A specific set of proteins is associated wtih different ribonucleoproteins, although some proteins are present on multiple particles. The main 17 +/- 2-S particle is composed of proteins with Mr of 87,000, 76,000, 45,000 and 38,000. Approximately the same proteins were present on free mRNP and mRNP isolated from non-polysomal mRNP-ribosome complexes. Poly(A)-binding proteins have Mr of 38,000 and 23,500. The 38,000-Mr protein comprised at least 60% of the total mRNP protein. Poly(A)-binding proteins with Mr of 38,000 and 76,000 are also present in a free state in the cytoplasm. A relation between the main poly(A)-binding mRNP protein and the helix-destabilizing protein HD40 [Marvil, D. K., Nowak, L., and Szer, W. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 6466-6472] is discussed.
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Mukherjee AK, Guha C, Sarkar S. The translational inhibitory 10 S cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein of chicken embryonic muscle is distinct from messenger ribonucleoproteins. FEBS Lett 1981; 127:133-8. [PMID: 6113988 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(81)80359-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Sarkar S, Mukherjee A, Guha C. A ribonuclease-resistant cytoplasmic 10 S ribonucleoprotein of chick embryonic muscle. A potent inhibitor of cell-free protein synthesis. J Biol Chem 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)69369-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Jaworski AJ, Stumhofer P. Stage-specific synthesis of proteins complexed to ribonucleoprotein particles and ribosomes in zoospores of Blastocladiella emersonii. Mol Cell Biol 1981; 1:310-20. [PMID: 6086010 PMCID: PMC369679 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.1.4.310-320.1981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In Blastocladiella emersonii zoospores, a set of proteins was found associated with the ribosomes and free ribonucleoprotein particles distinct from the ribosomes and polyribosomes. These proteins were designated P120, P105, P64, P56, and P42 based on their molecular weights determined by gel electrophoresis. Synthesis of these proteins was detected only during late sporulation just before the time polyadenylated ribonucleic acid accumulates in the sporangia. These proteins banded in isopycnic metrizamide gradients at densities of 1.31 and 1.27 g/cm3, which corresponded to the densities of the ribosomes and free ribonucleoprotein particles, respectively. Comparison of the distribution of the proteins in sucrose versus metrizamide gradients suggested that P105 was removed from the free ribonucleoprotein particles before complexing with the ribosomes. During germination, these proteins disappeared from the ribosomal fractions, with kinetics corresponding to the resumption of protein synthesis. Another protein (P178) was observed to bind to the ribosomes before the onset of protein synthesis during germination. Cycloheximide did not block the addition of this protein to the monoribosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Jaworski
- Botany Department, University of Georgia, Athens 30602
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Rittschof D, Traugh JA. Purification of messenger ribonucleoprotein particles from rabbit reticulocytes by zonal centrifugation in metrizamide. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1981; 115:45-52. [PMID: 7227370 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1981.tb06195.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A large-scale purification procedure for messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) particles from rabbit reticulocyte polysomes is described. The mRNP particles were dissociated from polysomes by treatment with urea and separated by differential centrifugation under conditions of high ionic strength. Zonal centrifugation in a metrizamide buoyant density gradient was the final purification step. One major class of mRNA particle was observed. The RNA was defined as mRNA by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by globin production in a cell-free protein-synthesizing system. The twenty-three different proteins associated with the particle were a discrete set of proteins, which ranged in molecular weight from 175,000 to 23,500. The relative amount of each peptide in the particle was determined from a gel scan of the stained protein by computer simulation. None of the polypeptides comigrated with proteins from the 40-S and 60-S ribosomal subunits when analyzed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
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Tomcsányi T, Komáromy L, Tigyi A. Structural characterization of polysomal poly(A)-protein particles in rat liver. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1981; 114:421-8. [PMID: 6260495 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1981.tb05163.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Poly(A)-protein particles were prepared from rat liver polyribosomes, washed with 0.5 M KCl or unwashed, after digestion with pancreatic ribonuclease and ribonuclease T1 by two successive rounds of sucrose gradient centrifugation. The particles were sedimented in a range of 5--13 S with a peak at about 9 S. The KCl wash of polysomes had no effect on the sedimentation properties of the particles. The particles isolated in this manner were 99% resistant to further pancreatic ribonuclease treatment and contained about 96% adenylic acid. The length of the poly(A) molecules prepared from the poly(A)-protein particles showed a broad distribution of about 70--290 nucleotides with a peak around 130 nucleotides, as measured by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In CsCl density gradient the poly(A)-protein particles banded in a density range of 1.30--1.42 g/cm3 with a peak at 1.36 g/cm3, which amounts to about 80% of the protein content. Sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide and urea/sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrated six polypeptides with molecular weights of 50 000, 54 000, 58 000, 63 000, 76 000 and 90 000 in the poly(A)-protein particles, but the main components were dependent on the method. The treatment of polysomes with KCl resulted in a loss of the 90 000-molecular-weight component. Amino acid analysis of the polypeptides bound to poly(A) revealed that they contained a relatively large amount of aspartic plus glutamic acid (21.6%) as well as hydrophobic amino acids (41.4%). Digestion of glutaraldehyde-fixed particles with ribonuclease T2 showed that about 50% of poly(A) was accessible to the enzyme, thus this part of poly(A) was located on the surface of the particles. In the electron micrographs the shadowed poly(A)-protein particles appeared in a globular, somewhat elongated form and were mostly 14-18 nm in diameter. On the basis of the results a model for the 'average' 9-S particles was constructed.
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18
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Jagus R, Anderson WF, Safer B. The regulation of initiation of mammalian protein synthesis. PROGRESS IN NUCLEIC ACID RESEARCH AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1981; 25:127-85. [PMID: 6164076 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6603(08)60484-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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19
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Connolly B, Von der Haar F, Eckstein F. Structure of the metal.nucleotide complex in the yeast phenylalanyl transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase reaction as determined with diastereomeric phosphorothioate analogs of ATP. J Biol Chem 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)70291-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Croall DE, Morrison MR. Polysomal and non-polysomal messenger RNA in neuroblastoma cells. Lack of correlation between polyadenylation or initiation efficiency and messenger RNA location. J Mol Biol 1980; 140:549-64. [PMID: 7431399 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(80)90270-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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