Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation in the newborn: a familial case

Sudden pediatric death unveiling pulmonary arteriovenous malformations

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) are abnormal vascular connections between pulmonary arteries and veins, often associated with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). Most PAVMs are asymptomatic, but life-threatening complications like pulmonary hemorrhage, brain abscesses, and paradoxical emboli can emerge, so prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial. We report a case of sudden pediatric death in a two-year-old female with no past medical history. Initial vomiting and fast deterioration resulted in a sudden cardiac arrest. The postmortem examination found histological evidence of consistent, extensive lung damage. The absence of the characteristic symptoms made for some challenges when it came to diagnosis, showing precisely that in early life, you could well have many difficulties in catching PAVMs. This case highlights the need to take PAVMs into account as a potential cause of sudden death, particularly when there are no conspicuous symptoms. Awareness among forensic pathologists and consideration of genetic analysis for HHT in such cases is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management.

Hemodynamic Assessment of a Large Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformation in a Neonate: Case Report and Review of Literature

Herein we report the case of a neonate with a prenatally diagnosed large pulmonary arteriovenous malformation, managed with minimally invasive hemodynamic monitoring in our Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. The combination of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Pressure Recording Analytical Method could guide neonatal management of critical cases of vascular anomalies: immediate data are offered to clinicians, from which therapeutic decisions such as timing of surgical resection are made to achieve a positive outcome. We also systemically collected and summarized information on patients' characteristics of previous cases reported in literature to data, and we compared them to our case.

Complex, Isolated Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformation in Two Children With Severe Cyanosis

We present two cases of Isolated complex pulmonary arteriovenous malformations in two children presenting with cyanosis and exercise intolerance. We present the anatomical features and the management of each case. One patient was treated with surgical ligation of the draining vein, and one patient was treated percutaneously by closure of the feeding segmental artery.

Recurrent minor strokes/TIA with a right to left shunt

A patient came to our institution for evaluation and closure of suspected patent foramen ovale actively manifesting as cerebrovascular accident. Through further studies, we found the presence of a pulmonary arteriovenous fistula, which was subsequently and successfully closed through non-invasive percutaneous selective segmental pulmonary artery embolisation.

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation in a neonate: a condition commonly misdiagnosed

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) are congenital defects in the form of an anomalous bridging between a pulmonary arterial and venous system that sidesteps the normal pulmonary capillary. This anomaly is usually associated with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, leftover small group are sporadic cases but may occur as an isolated anomaly or as multiple lesions. Rarely, such abnormalities can be acquired. Few cases are diagnosed in the neonatal period, as it will pass silent without symptoms. Clinical manifestations occur soon after birth as cyanosis, tachypnea, and an abnormal sound as bruit over the AVM; and the most important point is the clinical suspicion of diagnosis in absence of pulmonary parenchymal and cardiac disease that can explain the persistence of cyanosis. We report a successful Amplatzer vascular plug occlusion of isolated multiple left side PAVM in a neonate, which was done on two stages with a 6 months interval, with no complications. Over 2-year follow-up, the patient remained well with no symptoms.

A case of pulmonary arteriovenous malformation: role of interventional radiology in diagnosis and treatment

Pulmonary arterio-venous malformations (PAVMs) are abnormal pulmonary arteries and pulmonary veins communicating directly without interposition of a capillary bed and about 80-90% of patients with PAVMs eventually may present with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), remaining ones are sporadic cases. On the other hand, about 15-35% of HHT patients may present with PAVMs. The PAVMs have a tendency to grow and increase in size over time and various factors like puberty, pregnancy and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) affect growth. This condition needs early diagnosis, aggressive management and vigilant follow up. Our article aims to review pulmonary AVMs as a rare cause of strokes in young patients. We will discuss the clinical presentation, diagnosis, complications, the therapeutic options and the follow up.

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation: An uncommon disease with common presentation

A 45-year-old male presented with massive hemoptysis, clubbing in all limbs, disproportionate hypoxia and persistent ill-defined shadow in left lower zone in chest radiograph since his childhood. The patient received empirical anti-tuberculosis treatment and the chest X-ray finding was misinterpreted as tuberculoma. Subsequently, CT pulmonary angiography proved it to be a case of a simple type solitary pulmonary arteriovenous malformation with a saccular aneurysm in left lower lobe.

Neonatal pulmonary arteriovenous malformation

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Transcatheter coil embolisation of a pulmonary arteriovenous malformation in a neonate

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVM) are a rare cause of cyanosis in neonates. A large PAVM in a neonate was successfully occluded by transcatheter embolisation. At six months follow up the PAVM was undetectable and no new lesions were found. Transcatheter embolisation should be considered as the primary treatment for a PAVM in a child of any age.