Parachute-like sinus venosus remnant: echocardiographic and pathological appearance

Surgical management of divided atrial chambers

BACKGROUND AND AIM

The morphological variations when one, or both, of the atrial chambers is subdivided, are many and varied. We sought to address clinical presentations, potentially misdiagnosed cases, diagnostic modalities, surgical approaches, and outcomes of this "family" of uncommon lesions.

METHODS

A total of 193 published investigations were synthesized. Diagnostic information was provided by clinical presentation, and multimodality imaging studies.

RESULTS

Almost three-quarters of patients with divided atrial chambers present during infancy with severe pulmonary hypertension and cardiac failure. Associated cardiac and extra-cardiac defects are present in between half and nine-tenths of cases. Acquired division of the left atrium has been reported after the Fontan operation, orthotopic cardiac transplantation, and complicated aortic valvar infective endocarditis. Surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass remains the definitive treatment. Balloon dilation may be considered in anatomically compatible variants in the setting of cardiac failure and pregnancy as a bridge todefinitive treatment. Overall, mortality has been cited between nil to 29%. Presentation during infancy, associated congenital anomalies, pulmonary hypertension, and surgery in the previous era, have been the reported causes of death. The operative survivors have long-term favourable outcomes, with near normal cardiac dimensions and low risk of recurrence. While asymptomatic patients with division of the right atrium do not need treatment, surgical resection of the dividing partition under cardiopulmonary bypass is recommended in symptomatic patients with complex anatomy, the spinnaker malformation, or associated cardiac anomalies. Balloon dilation may be considered in uncomplicated patients with less obstructive lesions. Hybrid intervention and endoscopic robotic correction also have been performed.

CONCLUSIONS

Resection of the dividing shelf allows the survivors to regain near normal dimensions with a low risk of recurrence. We submit that an increased appreciation of the anatomic background to division of the atrial chambers will contribute to improved surgical management.

Persistent sinus venosus valve requiring surgery in children

OBJECTIVE

To review our experience with cardiac surgery due to remnants of the sinus venosus valve.

DESIGN

We performed a retrospective evaluation of patients records during the period from 1980 to 2007.

RESULTS

Three patients underwent surgical removal of the redundancy of the right sinus venosus valve.

CONCLUSION

Remnants of the embryologic sinus venosus valve may present by various entities. Cardiac surgery should be performed only in patients with continuing symptoms attributed to a persistent sinus venosus valve.

Persistent Sinus Venosus Valve Mimicking Pulmonary Stenosis and Atrial Tumor

A case of giant remnant of the right sinus venosus valve simulating first a pulmonary stenosis and afterward a left atrial tumor is described. We believe that this is the first reported case in which a correct diagnosis was performed before surgery.