1
|
Schroeter CB, Rolfes L, Gothan KSS, Gruchot J, Herrmann AM, Bock S, Fazio L, Henes A, Narayanan V, Pfeuffer S, Nelke C, Räuber S, Huntemann N, Duarte-Silva E, Dobelmann V, Hundehege P, Wiendl H, Raba K, Küry P, Kremer D, Ruck T, Müntefering T, Budde T, Cerina M, Meuth SG. Cladribine treatment improves cortical network functionality in a mouse model of autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:270. [DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02588-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Cladribine is a synthetic purine analogue that interferes with DNA synthesis and repair next to disrupting cellular proliferation in actively dividing lymphocytes. The compound is approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). Cladribine can cross the blood–brain barrier, suggesting a potential effect on central nervous system (CNS) resident cells. Here, we explored compartment-specific immunosuppressive as well as potential direct neuroprotective effects of oral cladribine treatment in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice.
Methods
In the current study, we compare immune cell frequencies and phenotypes in the periphery and CNS of EAE mice with distinct grey and white matter lesions (combined active and focal EAE) either orally treated with cladribine or vehicle, using flow cytometry. To evaluate potential direct neuroprotective effects, we assessed the integrity of the primary auditory cortex neuronal network by studying neuronal activity and spontaneous synaptic activity with electrophysiological techniques ex vivo.
Results
Oral cladribine treatment significantly attenuated clinical deficits in EAE mice. Ex vivo flow cytometry showed that cladribine administration led to peripheral immune cell depletion in a compartment-specific manner and reduced immune cell infiltration into the CNS. Histological evaluations revealed no significant differences for inflammatory lesion load following cladribine treatment compared to vehicle control. Single cell electrophysiology in acute brain slices was performed and showed an impact of cladribine treatment on intrinsic cellular firing patterns and spontaneous synaptic transmission in neurons of the primary auditory cortex. Here, cladribine administration in vivo partially restored cortical neuronal network function, reducing action potential firing. Both, the effect on immune cells and neuronal activity were transient.
Conclusions
Our results indicate that cladribine exerts a neuroprotective effect after crossing the blood–brain barrier independently of its peripheral immunosuppressant action.
Collapse
|
2
|
Lee JH, Chae EJ, Park SJ, Choi JW. Label-free detection of γ-aminobutyric acid based on silicon nanowire biosensor. NANO CONVERGENCE 2019; 6:13. [PMID: 31041617 PMCID: PMC6491525 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-019-0184-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an important inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS), which acts as a major biomarker for neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease and Meningitis. To this end, the precise measurement of GABA molecule arisen as an important subject for the effective diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders. However, yet highly sensitive biosensor systems which can analyze a wide range of GABA molecule in a fast response manner have not been reported. In this study, for the first time, a silicon nanowire field-effect transistor (FET) device based immunosensor was developed to detect GABA molecule. Zig-zag shaped silicon nanowires has been fabricated by electron beam lithography and the electrical property p-type FET device was validated through semiconductor analyzer. The optimal immobilizing condition of antibody against GABA molecule was determined by the fluorescent signal measurement. Various concentrations of GABA ranging from 970 fM to 9.7 μM were sensitively measured by conductance change on silicon nanowire-based through the immunoreactions. Further, owing to the ease of miniaturization and label-free system, we believe that the suggested device system has a potential to be utilized for an implantable biosensor to detect neurotransmitter in the brain and can create new opportunities in the field of diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ho Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107 Korea
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - Eun-Ji Chae
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107 Korea
| | - Soo-jeong Park
- Research Center for Disease Biophysics of Sogang-Harvard, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107 Korea
| | - Jeong-Woo Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107 Korea
- Research Center for Disease Biophysics of Sogang-Harvard, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107 Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Manyevitch R, Protas M, Scarpiello S, Deliso M, Bass B, Nanajian A, Chang M, Thompson SM, Khoury N, Gonnella R, Trotz M, Moore DB, Harms E, Perry G, Clunes L, Ortiz A, Friedrich JO, Murray IV. Evaluation of Metabolic and Synaptic Dysfunction Hypotheses of Alzheimer's Disease (AD): A Meta-Analysis of CSF Markers. Curr Alzheimer Res 2018; 15:164-181. [PMID: 28933272 PMCID: PMC5769087 DOI: 10.2174/1567205014666170921122458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is currently incurable and a majority of investigational drugs have failed clinical trials. One explanation for this failure may be the invalidity of hypotheses focusing on amyloid to explain AD pathogenesis. Recently, hypotheses which are centered on synaptic and metabolic dysfunction are increasingly implicated in AD. OBJECTIVE Evaluate AD hypotheses by comparing neurotransmitter and metabolite marker concentrations in normal versus AD CSF. METHODS Meta-analysis allows for statistical comparison of pooled, existing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) marker data extracted from multiple publications, to obtain a more reliable estimate of concentrations. This method also provides a unique opportunity to rapidly validate AD hypotheses using the resulting CSF concentration data. Hubmed, Pubmed and Google Scholar were comprehensively searched for published English articles, without date restrictions, for the keywords "AD", "CSF", and "human" plus markers selected for synaptic and metabolic pathways. Synaptic markers were acetylcholine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamine, and glycine. Metabolic markers were glutathione, glucose, lactate, pyruvate, and 8 other amino acids. Only studies that measured markers in AD and controls (Ctl), provided means, standard errors/deviation, and subject numbers were included. Data were extracted by six authors and reviewed by two others for accuracy. Data were pooled using ratio of means (RoM of AD/Ctl) and random effects meta-analysis using Cochrane Collaboration's Review Manager software. RESULTS Of the 435 identified publications, after exclusion and removal of duplicates, 35 articles were included comprising a total of 605 AD patients and 585 controls. The following markers of synaptic and metabolic pathways were significantly changed in AD/controls: acetylcholine (RoM 0.36, 95% CI 0.24-0.53, p<0.00001), GABA (0.74, 0.58-0.94, p<0.01), pyruvate (0.48, 0.24-0.94, p=0.03), glutathione (1.11, 1.01- 1.21, p=0.03), alanine (1.10, 0.98-1.23, p=0.09), and lower levels of significance for lactate (1.2, 1.00-1.47, p=0.05). Of note, CSF glucose and glutamate levels in AD were not significantly different than that of the controls. CONCLUSION This study provides proof of concept for the use of meta-analysis validation of AD hypotheses, specifically via robust evidence for the cholinergic hypothesis of AD. Our data disagree with the other synaptic hypotheses of glutamate excitotoxicity and GABAergic resistance to neurodegeneration, given observed unchanged glutamate levels and decreased GABA levels. With regards to metabolic hypotheses, the data supported upregulation of anaerobic glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway (glutathione), and anaplerosis of the tricarboxylic acid cycle using glutamate. Future applications of meta-analysis indicate the possibility of further in silico evaluation and generation of novel hypotheses in the AD field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roni Manyevitch
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, St George’s University, True Blue, St George’s, Grenada, W.I., USA
| | - Matthew Protas
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, St George’s University, True Blue, St George’s, Grenada, W.I., USA
| | - Sean Scarpiello
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, St George’s University, True Blue, St George’s, Grenada, W.I., USA
| | - Marisa Deliso
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, St George’s University, True Blue, St George’s, Grenada, W.I., USA
| | - Brittany Bass
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, St George’s University, True Blue, St George’s, Grenada, W.I., USA
| | - Anthony Nanajian
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, St George’s University, True Blue, St George’s, Grenada, W.I., USA
| | - Matthew Chang
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, St George’s University, True Blue, St George’s, Grenada, W.I., USA
| | - Stefani M. Thompson
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, St George’s University, True Blue, St George’s, Grenada, W.I., USA
| | - Neil Khoury
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, St George’s University, True Blue, St George’s, Grenada, W.I., USA
| | - Rachel Gonnella
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, St George’s University, True Blue, St George’s, Grenada, W.I., USA
| | - Margit Trotz
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, St George’s University, Grenada, W.I., USA
| | - D. Blaine Moore
- Department of Biology, Kalamazoo College, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - Emily Harms
- Department of Educational Services, St George’s University, Grenada, W.I., USA
| | - George Perry
- Department of Biology, University of Texas San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Lucy Clunes
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, St George’s University, Grenada, W.I., USA
| | - Angélica Ortiz
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, St George’s University, Grenada, W.I., USA
| | | | - Ian V.J. Murray
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, St George’s University, True Blue, St George’s, Grenada, W.I., USA
- Department of Biology, University of Texas San Antonio, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mandolesi G, Gentile A, Musella A, Fresegna D, De Vito F, Bullitta S, Sepman H, Marfia GA, Centonze D. Synaptopathy connects inflammation and neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis. Nat Rev Neurol 2015; 11:711-24. [PMID: 26585978 DOI: 10.1038/nrneurol.2015.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) has long been regarded as a chronic inflammatory disease of the white matter that leads to demyelination and eventually to neurodegeneration. In the past decade, several aspects of MS pathogenesis have been challenged, and degenerative changes of the grey matter, which are independent of demyelination, have become a topic of interest. CNS inflammation in MS and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE; a disease model used to study MS in rodents) causes a marked imbalance between GABAergic and glutamatergic transmission, and a loss of synapses, all of which leads to a diffuse 'synaptopathy'. Altered synaptic transmission can occur early in MS and EAE, independently of demyelination and axonal loss, and subsequently causes excitotoxic damage. Inflammation-driven synaptic abnormalities are emerging as a prominent pathogenic mechanism in MS-importantly, they are potentially reversible and, therefore, represent attractive therapeutic targets. In this Review, we focus on the connection between inflammation and synaptopathy in MS and EAE, which sheds light not only on the pathophysiology of MS but also on that of primary neurodegenerative disorders in which inflammatory processes contribute to disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Mandolesi
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia/Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC), Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonietta Gentile
- Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Università Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Musella
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia/Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC), Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Diego Fresegna
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia/Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC), Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca De Vito
- Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Università Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Bullitta
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia/Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC), Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Helena Sepman
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia/Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC), Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Università Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Girolama A Marfia
- Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Università Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Diego Centonze
- IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (INM) Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| |
Collapse
|