1
|
Coughlin AL, Xie D, Yao Y, Zhan X, Chen Q, Hewa-Walpitage H, Zhang X, Guo H, Zhou H, Lou J, Wang J, Li YS, Fertig HA, Zhang S. Near Degeneracy of Magnetic Phases in Two-Dimensional Chromium Telluride with Enhanced Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy. ACS NANO 2020; 14:15256-15266. [PMID: 33124799 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c05534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of atomically thin van der Waals magnets (e.g., CrI3 and Cr2Ge2Te6) has triggered a renaissance in the study of two-dimensional (2D) magnetism. Most of the 2D magnetic compounds discovered so far host only one single magnetic phase unless the system is at a phase boundary. In this work, we report the near degeneracy of magnetic phases in ultrathin chromium telluride (Cr2Te3) layers with strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy highly desired for stabilizing 2D magnetic order. Single-crystalline Cr2Te3 nanoplates with a trigonal structure (space group P3̅1c) were grown by chemical vapor deposition. The bulk magnetization measurements suggest a ferromagnetic (FM) order with an enhanced perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, as evidenced by a coercive field as large as ∼14 kOe when the field is applied perpendicular to the basal plane of the thin nanoplates. Magneto-optical Kerr effect studies confirm the intrinsic ferromagnetism and characterize the magnetic ordering temperature of individual nanoplates. First-principles density functional theory calculations suggest the near degeneracy of magnetic orderings with a continuously varying canting from the c-axis FM due to their comparable energy scales, explaining the zero-field kink observed in the magnetic hysteresis loops. Our work highlights Cr2Te3 as a promising 2D Ising system to study magnetic phase coexistence and switches for ultracompact information storage and processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Coughlin
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Dongyue Xie
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Yue Yao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Xun Zhan
- Electron Microscope Center, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Qiang Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Heshan Hewa-Walpitage
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Xiaohang Zhang
- Center for Nanophysics & Advanced Materials, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Haidong Zhou
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Jun Lou
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Yan S Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Herbert A Fertig
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
- Quantum Science and Engineering Center, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Shixiong Zhang
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Quantum Science and Engineering Center, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Blum JK, Göpel W. Magnetic Structures and Stresses in Thin Films I. Ferromagnetic Resonance Experiments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.197800049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
3
|
Gradmann U, Elmers HJ, Kohlhepp J. Oscillatory Indirect Coupling Between Perpendicularly Magnetized Co Monolayers Through Cu (111). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-313-107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTCo-Monolayers, prepared by MBE on Cu (111) -surfaces at room temperature and covered by Cu, are ferromagnetic with a Curie-temperature of about 430 K. They are magnetized perpendicularly because of a strong perpendicular magnetic surface anisotropy of the Cu/Co (111) -interface. They provide a remarkably good representation of the 2-dimensional Ising Model. The indirect coupling between these perpendicularly magnetized ferromagnetic monolayers was investigated using samples of type Cu (111) /lCo/DçuCu/lCo/Cu, containing Co/Cu/Co-trilayers composed of Co-Monolayers and a spacer consisting of DCu atomic layers of Cu (111). Torsion oscillation magnetometry of these samples showed clearly a coupling between the monolayers with an oscillatory dependence on DCu. The amplitude of the oscillation is strongly reduced if the coupled Co-films consist of 5 ML instead of 1 M.L. The present controversy on the presence or absence of antiferromagnetic and oscillatory indirect coupling in the Co/Cu (111) -system is discussed in the light of these experiments. The discussion shows that the oscillatory coupling is an intrinsic property of ideal (111)-structures, and can be understood by the RKKY-type theory of indirect coupling between ferromagnetic Monolayers. The usual application of this theory to the coupling between thicker films is justified. However, in the fcc (111) -system there is apparently a specific barrier against complete coalescence, resulting in a tendency to retain holes and channels in the Cu-spacer. This tendency is stronger in flat single-crystal samples than in sputtered films with high densities of atomic steps. Apparently, this results in competing ferromagnetic hole coupling which may more or less completely obscure the intrinsic oscillatory coupling, preferentially in samples grown on extremely flat single crystal surfaces.
Collapse
|
4
|
Göpel W. Magnetic Structures and Stresses in Thin Films II. Thermodynamical Treatment and Discussion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.19780821002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
5
|
Maruyama T, Shiota Y, Nozaki T, Ohta K, Toda N, Mizuguchi M, Tulapurkar AA, Shinjo T, Shiraishi M, Mizukami S, Ando Y, Suzuki Y. Large voltage-induced magnetic anisotropy change in a few atomic layers of iron. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2009; 4:158-161. [PMID: 19265844 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2008.406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2008] [Accepted: 12/09/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In the field of spintronics, researchers have manipulated magnetization using spin-polarized currents. Another option is to use a voltage-induced symmetry change in a ferromagnetic material to cause changes in magnetization or in magnetic anisotropy. However, a significant improvement in efficiency is needed before this approach can be used in memory devices with ultralow power consumption. Here, we show that a relatively small electric field (less than 100 mV nm(-1)) can cause a large change (approximately 40%) in the magnetic anisotropy of a bcc Fe(001)/MgO(001) junction. The effect is tentatively attributed to the change in the relative occupation of 3d orbitals of Fe atoms adjacent to the MgO barrier. Simulations confirm that voltage-controlled magnetization switching in magnetic tunnel junctions is possible using the anisotropy change demonstrated here, which could be of use in the development of low-power logic devices and non-volatile memory cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Maruyama
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
El Gabaly F, Gallego S, Muñoz C, Szunyogh L, Weinberger P, Klein C, Schmid AK, McCarty KF, de la Figuera J. Imaging spin-reorientation transitions in consecutive atomic Co layers on Ru(0001). PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 96:147202. [PMID: 16712115 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.147202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2005] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
By means of spin-polarized low-energy electron microscopy, we show that the magnetic easy axis of one to three atomic-layer thick cobalt films on Ru(0001) changes its orientation twice during deposition: One-monolayer and three-monolayer thick films are magnetized in plane, while two-monolayer films are magnetized out of plane. The Curie temperatures of films thicker than one monolayer are well above room temperature. Fully relativistic calculations based on the screened Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker method demonstrate that only for two-monolayer cobalt films does the interplay between strain, surface, and interface effects lead to perpendicular magnetization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farid El Gabaly
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada and Centro de Microanálisis de Materiales, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
|
8
|
|
9
|
Sato M, Abe K, Endoh Y, Hayter J. Magnetisation of ferromagnetic metals at the interface of other materials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1088/0022-3719/13/18/024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
10
|
Bruno P. Magnetic surface anisotropy of cobalt and surface roughness effects within Neel's model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1088/0305-4608/18/6/029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
11
|
Stahl B, Kankeleit E, Gellert R, Muller M, Kamzin A. Magnetic phase in the near-surface region of an FeBO3 single crystal. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2000; 84:5632-5635. [PMID: 10991012 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.84.5632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/1999] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
An FeBO3 single crystal was studied from 291 K up to the Neel temperature T(N) = 348.35 K by depth selective conversion electron Mossbauer spectroscopy in ultrahigh vacuum (10(-9) mbar). A new magnetic near-surface phase was found. Its thickness D diverges on approaching T(N) and gives a critical exponent for the correlation length of nu = 0.59(4). The phase boundary between the bulk and near-surface phase could be identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Stahl
- Fachbereich Materialwissenschaft, Fachgebiet Dunne Schichten, Petersenstrasse 23, TU Darmstadt, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Weller D, Stöhr J, Nakajima R, Carl A, Samant MG, Chappert C, Mégy R, Beauvillain P, Veillet P, Held GA. Microscopic origin of magnetic anisotropy in Au/Co/Au probed with x-ray magnetic circular dichroism. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1995; 75:3752-3755. [PMID: 10059718 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.75.3752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
|
13
|
Fritzsche H, Kohlhepp J, Gradmann U. Epitaxial strain and magnetic anisotropy in ultrathin Co films on W(110). PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 51:15933-15941. [PMID: 9978572 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.15933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
14
|
Baudelet F, Lin M, Kuch W, Meinel K, Choi B, Schneider CM, Kirschner J. Perpendicular anisotropy and spin reorientation in epitaxial Fe/Cu3Au(100) thin films. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 51:12563-12578. [PMID: 9978027 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.12563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
15
|
Alkemper U, Carbone C, Vescovo E, Eberhardt W, Rader O, Gudat W. Exchange-split electronic states of ultrathin Co layers on Cu(111). PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 50:17496-17501. [PMID: 9976155 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.50.17496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
16
|
|
17
|
|
18
|
Liu Y, Ma X, Mei L. Magnetic properties of compositionally modulated Fe-Si/Si amorphous films. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1992; 45:10459-10467. [PMID: 10000950 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.45.10459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
19
|
Childress JR, Chien CL, Jankowski AF. Magnetization, Curie temperature, and magnetic anisotropy of strained (111) Ni/Au superlattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1992; 45:2855-2862. [PMID: 10001834 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.45.2855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
20
|
Engel BN, England CD, Wiedmann MH, Falco CM. Interface magnetic anisotropy in epitaxial superlattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1991; 67:1910-1913. [PMID: 10044282 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.67.1910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
|
21
|
Matsuo S, Satou S, Suzuki M, Sano M, Nakano H. Magnetic properties of small nickel oxide clusters enclosed inY-zeolite. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01437082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
22
|
|
23
|
Rochow R, Carbone C, Dodt T, Johnen FP, Kisker E. Growth mode and magnetic behavior of thin Fe films on Cu3Au(001) studied by low-energy electron diffraction and spin-resolved electron spectroscopies. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1990; 41:3426-3433. [PMID: 9994135 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.41.3426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
24
|
Introduction to Low-Dimensional Magnetic Systems. MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF LAYERED TRANSITION METAL COMPOUNDS 1990. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-1860-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
25
|
Ferromagnetism in the thermodynamically stable monolayer Fe(110) on W(110), coated by Ag. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00616981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
26
|
K�mper KP, Schmitt W, Wesner DA, G�ntherodt G. Thickness dependence of the spin- and angle-resolved photoemission of ultrathin, epitaxial Ni(111)/W(110) layers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00616982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
27
|
Przybylski M, Kaufmann I, Gradmann U. Mössbauer analysis of ultrathin ferromagnetic Fe(110) films on W(110) coated by Ag. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1989; 40:8631-8640. [PMID: 9991340 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.40.8631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
28
|
|
29
|
Magnetic properties of thin epitaxial films investigated by spin-polarized photoemission. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00617011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
30
|
Elmers HJ, Liu G, Gradmann U. Magnetometry of the ferromagnetic monolayer Fe(110) on W(110) coated with Ag. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1989; 63:566-569. [PMID: 10041108 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.63.566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
|
31
|
Gidley DW. Positron tunneling and emission from pseudomorphically grown Ni films on Cu substrates. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1989; 62:811-814. [PMID: 10040339 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.62.811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
|
32
|
Bruno P. Tight-binding approach to the orbital magnetic moment and magnetocrystalline anisotropy of transition-metal monolayers. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1989; 39:865-868. [PMID: 9947253 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.39.865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 402] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
33
|
Lugert G, Bayreuther G. Temperature dependence of the hyperfine field and magnetization in ultrathin epitaxial Fe films. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1988; 38:11068-11074. [PMID: 9945979 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.38.11068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
|
34
|
Vélu E, Dupas C, Renard D, Renard JP, Seiden J. Enhanced magnetoresistance of ultrathin (Au/Co)n multilayers with perpendicular anisotropy. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1988; 37:668-671. [PMID: 9943647 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.37.668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
|
35
|
Stampanoni M, Vaterlaus A, Aeschlimann M, Meier F. Magnetism of epitaxial bcc iron on Ag(001) observed by spin-polarized photoemission. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1987; 59:2483-2485. [PMID: 10035562 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.59.2483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
|
36
|
Przybylski M, Gradmann U. Ferromagnetic order in a Fe(110) monolayer on W(110) by Mössbauer spectroscopy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1987; 59:1152-1155. [PMID: 10035153 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.59.1152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
|
37
|
Bland JA, Pescia D, Willis RF. Ferromagnetic moments in metastable magnetic films by spin-polarized-neutron reflection. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1987; 58:1244-1247. [PMID: 10034379 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.58.1244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
|
38
|
Jonker BT, Walker K, Kisker E, Prinz GA, Carbone C. Spin-polarized photoemission study of epitaxial Fe(001) films on Ag(001). PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1986; 57:142-145. [PMID: 10033378 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.57.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
|
39
|
Moodera JS, Meservey R. Magnetic properties of transition-metal atoms and thin layers deposited on nonmagnetic metals. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1986; 34:379-386. [PMID: 9939272 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.34.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
|
40
|
|
41
|
Chappert C, Renard D, Beauvillain P, Renard J. Anomalous behaviour of the Curie temperature of Au-Ni-Au sandwiches at ultra-low Ni thickness. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1051/jphyslet:0198500460205900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
|
42
|
|
43
|
Spin Polarization in Electron Scattering from Surfaces. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2539(08)60425-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
44
|
Navarro R, De Jongh L. On the 2-dimensional spinwave theory for ferro- and antiferromagnetic thin films. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1979. [DOI: 10.1016/0378-4363(79)90066-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
45
|
|
46
|
Duncan S, Owens AH, Semper RJ, Walker JC. Temperature and thickness dependence of the magnetic hyperfine field in ultrathin iron films. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1978. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01021956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
47
|
Gradmann U, Tillmanns P. Supersaturation and mode of growth for Fe films on Cu(111). An experimental study using LEED and AES. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1977. [DOI: 10.1002/pssa.2210440217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
48
|
Andrä W, Danan H. Magnetic interface anisotropy and magnetization of plated Ni and Co films. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1977. [DOI: 10.1002/pssa.2210420124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
49
|
|
50
|
|