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Loh YM, Su MP, Ellis DA, Andrés M. The auditory efferent system in mosquitoes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1123738. [PMID: 36923250 PMCID: PMC10009176 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1123738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Whilst acoustic communication forms an integral component of the mating behavior of many insect species, it is particularly crucial for disease-transmitting mosquitoes; swarming males rely on hearing the faint sounds of flying females for courtship initiation. That males can hear females within the din of a swarm is testament to their fabulous auditory systems. Mosquito hearing is highly frequency-selective, remarkably sensitive and, most strikingly, supported by an elaborate system of auditory efferent neurons that modulate the auditory function - the only documented example amongst insects. Peripheral release of octopamine, serotonin and GABA appears to differentially modulate hearing across major disease-carrying mosquito species, with receptors from other neurotransmitter families also identified in their ears. Because mosquito mating relies on hearing the flight tones of mating partners, the auditory efferent system offers new potential targets for mosquito control. It also represents a unique insect model for studying auditory efferent networks. Here we review current knowledge of the mosquito auditory efferent system, briefly compare it with its counterparts in other species and highlight future research directions to unravel its contribution to mosquito auditory perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- YuMin M. Loh
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Matthew P. Su
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - David A. Ellis
- UCL Ear Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Andrés
- UCL Ear Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
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Ibrahim HA, Sawires S, Hamza A. Morphological characterization and distribution of antennal sensilla of irradiated female mosquito, Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) with gamma radiation. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hatem A.M. Ibrahim
- Entomoloy Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams Univeristy, Cairo, Egypt
| | - S.G. Sawires
- Department of Natural Products, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority (AEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - A.F. Hamza
- Department of Natural Products, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority (AEA), Cairo, Egypt
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Ultrastructural characterization of sensilla and microtrichia on the antenna of female Haematopota pandazisi (Diptera: Tabanidae). Parasitol Res 2018; 117:959-970. [PMID: 29427157 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-5760-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The haematophagous females of the cleg fly Haematopota pandazisi (Kröber) (Diptera: Tabanidae) are a common pest in areas inhabited by wild and domestic ungulates in southern Europe, North Africa and Anatolia. A morphological investigation by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was carried out for the first time on the antennae of females of H. pandazisi, with special attention to the type and distribution of sensilla and microtrichia. The typical brachyceran antenna is divided into three regions: the scape, the pedicel and the flagellum, which is the longest of the three and is composed of four flagellomeres. The scape and pedicel are characterized by only one type of microtrichium and chaetic sensillum, whereas five types of microtrichia and sensilla were identified on the flagellum and classified according to shape and distribution. The sensilla are of the chaetic, clavate, basiconic, trichoid and coeloconic types; the latter with either a basiconic or grooved peg inside. The results obtained in this study were compared to those found in other species in the family Tabanidae and other Diptera, with special attention to haematophagous species.
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Zermoglio PF, Robuchon E, Leonardi MS, Chandre F, Lazzari CR. What does heat tell a mosquito? Characterization of the orientation behaviour of Aedes aegypti towards heat sources. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 100:9-14. [PMID: 28479122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of heat as a cue for the orientation of haematophagous insects towards hot-blooded hosts has been acknowledged for many decades. In mosquitoes, thermoreception has been studied at the molecular, physiological and behavioural levels, and the response to heat has been evaluated in multimodal contexts. However, a direct characterization of how these insects evaluate thermal sources is still lacking. In this study we characterize Aedes aegypti thermal orientation using a simple dual choice paradigm, providing direct evidence on how different attributes of heat sources affect their choice. We found that female mosquitoes, but not males, are able to discriminate among heat sources that are at ambient, host-range and deleterious temperatures when no other stimuli are present, eliciting a positive response towards host-range and an avoidance response towards deleterious temperatures. We also tested the preference of females according to the size and position of the sources. We found that females do not discriminate between heat sources of different sizes, but actively orientate towards closer sources at host temperature. Furthermore, we show that females cannot use IR radiation as an orientation cue. Orientation towards a host involves the integration of cues of different nature in distinct phases of the orientation. Although such integration might be decisive for successful encounter of the host, we show that heat alone is sufficient to elicit orientation behaviour. We discuss the performance of mosquitoes' thermal behaviour compared to other blood-sucking insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula F Zermoglio
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Instituto IEGEBA (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR CNRS 7261, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France.
| | - Eddy Robuchon
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR CNRS 7261, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
| | - María Soledad Leonardi
- Instituto de Biología de Organismos Marinos, Centro Nacional Patagónico (CENPAT-CONICET), Puerto Madryn, Argentina
| | - Fabrice Chandre
- MIVEGEC, IRD 224-CNRS 5290-UM1-UM2, Laboratoire de lutte contre les Insectes Nuisibles (LIN), Montpellier, France
| | - Claudio R Lazzari
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR CNRS 7261, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
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Zhang D, Wang QK, Hu DF, Li K. Cuticular structures on antennae of the bot fly, Portschinskia magnifica (Diptera: Oestridae). Parasitol Res 2012; 111:1651-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-012-3004-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Ghaninia M, Hansson BS, Ignell R. The antennal lobe of the African malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae - innervation and three-dimensional reconstruction. ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2007; 36:23-39. [PMID: 18089085 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2006.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2006] [Revised: 06/07/2006] [Accepted: 06/10/2006] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Antibody labelling and subsequent three-dimensional reconstructions of the primary olfactory centres, the antennal lobes, of male and female African malaria mosquitoes, Anopheles gambiae, revealed 61 and 60 glomerular neuropils respectively. In addition to the small difference in number of glomeruli, sexual dimorphism was observed in both the size of the antennal lobe and of individual glomeruli. Furthermore, sexual specificity was observed within the array. Anterograde staining of afferents from peripheral olfactory organs support the reconstruction of the glomerular array. Although anterograde stainings support an organotopic organization of the antennal lobe, convergence of afferents originating from different organs into single glomeruli is observed. This finding, in both A. gambiae and A. aegypti, may shed new light upon the development and function of the olfactory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Ghaninia
- Division of Chemical Ecology, Department of Crop Sciences, SLU, Box 44, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
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Kaur SD. Unusual sensilla on the antennae of female Anopheles barbirostris. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION 2005; 21:464-5. [PMID: 16506574 DOI: 10.2987/8756-971x(2006)21[464:usotao]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The 1st scanning electron microscopic study of the antennae of female Anopheles barbirostris van der Wulp revealed the presence of a sunken patch of 7-10 sensilla in well-developed sockets borne in an unusual location. Such sensilla have not been reported in any species of Anopheles, Culex, or Aedes. The position and arrangement of these sensilla are reported in this communication.
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Meola SM, Clottens FL, Holman GM, Nachman RJ, Nichols R, Schoofs L, Wright MS, Olson JK, Hayes TK, Pendleton MW. Isolation and immunocytochemical characterization of three tachykinin-related peptides from the mosquito, Culex salinarius. Neurochem Res 1998; 23:189-202. [PMID: 9475514 DOI: 10.1023/a:1022432909360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Three myotropic peptides belonging to the Arg-amide insect tachykinin family were isolated from whole-body extracts of the mosquito, Culex salinarius. The peptides, APSGFMGMR-NH2, APYGFTGMR-NH2 and APSGFFGMR-NH2 (designated culetachykinin I, II, and III) were isolated and purified on the basis of their ability to stimulate muscle contractions of isolated Leucophaea maderae hindgut. Biologically inactive methionine sulfoxides of two of the three peptides were isolated using an ELISA system based upon antiserum raised against APYGFTGMR-NH2 and identified with mass spectrometry. Immunocytochemistry localized these peptides in cells in the brain, antennae, subesophageal, thoracic and abdominal ganglion, proventriculus and midgut. Nerve tracts containing these peptides were found in the median nerve of the brain, central body, nervi corpus cardiaci, cervical nerve, antennal lobe and on the surface of the midgut.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Meola
- Food Animal Protection Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, College Station, TX 77845, USA
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