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Dourado A, Maciel A, Aca IDS. [Occurrence of Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar in ambulatory patients of Recife, PE]. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2007; 39:388-9. [PMID: 17119758 DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86822006000400015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2005] [Accepted: 05/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective this study was to determine the occurrence of the species Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba díspar in clinical samples of ambulatory patients in Pernambuco. A specific assay for Entamoeba histolytica was used in this study, which identified no positive fecal samples among the 213 patients. These results confirm that E. dispar is the dominant species in Pernambuco State.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antônio Dourado
- Acadêmico do Curso de Biomedicina, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE
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Cheng XJ, Yoshihara E, Takeuchi T, Tachibana H. Molecular characterization of peroxiredoxin from Entamoeba moshkovskii and a comparison with Entamoeba histolytica. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2005; 138:195-203. [PMID: 15555731 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2004.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2004] [Accepted: 08/27/2004] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin of the pathogenic parasite, Entamoeba histolytica, is thought to be involved in protection from oxidative attack by host phagocytic cells and endogenously generated hydrogen peroxide. In this study, we cloned peroxiredoxin genes from the nonpathogenic ameba, Entamoeba moshkovskii, and characterized the peroxiredoxin protein. The open reading frame of three cloned cDNAs was demonstrated to encode a polypeptide of 218 or 217 amino acids. Identity of the amino acid sequence of peroxiredoxins between E. moshkovskii and E. histolytica was considerably high (77-81%), but the N-terminus portion of E. moshkovskii peroxiredoxin was shorter than that of E. histolytica. A recombinant peroxiredoxin of E. moshkovskii expressed in Escherichia coli exhibited hydrogen peroxidase activity. Its K(m) and V(max) values of 35 microM and 0.07 micromol/min/mg protein were approximately 1 and 1.5 times greater than E. histolytica peroxiredoxin, respectively. In addition, the protective effect of E. moshkovskii peroxiredoxin against oxidative-nicking of supercoiled plasmid DNA was shown to be greater than that of E. histolytica peroxiredoxin. Confocal laser scanning microscopy, using polyclonal antibody against the recombinant E. moshkovskii peroxiredoxin, demonstrated that this protein was localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm of trophozoites, supporting its function as a protectant against DNA damage. Southern blot and real-time reverse transcription PCR analyses of the E. moshkovskii peroxiredoxin gene demonstrated that it was a multi-copy gene and its expression was comparable to that of E. histolytica. These results suggest that the antioxidant peroxiredoxin is important for protection against endogenously generated hydrogen peroxide in the nonpathogenic ameba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun-Jia Cheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
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Silva MCDM, Monteiro CDSP, Araújo BDAV, Silva JV, Póvoa MM. [Determination of Entamoeba histolytica infection in patients from Greater Metropolitan Belém, Para, Brazil, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for antigen detection]. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2005; 21:969-73. [PMID: 15868057 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-311x2005000300033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidemiological status of amebiasis has been reevaluated since Entamoeba histolytica (pathogenic) was considered a distinct species from Entamoeba dispar (non-pathogenic). We investigated E. histolytica antigens in stool samples from residents of Belém, Para State, Brazil, with commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (E. histolytica Test, TechLab Inc., Blacksburg, USA). A total of 845 samples were analyzed, of which 248 were positive (29.35%). E. histolytica infection was more frequent in the over-14-year age group (30.36%) than in the 0-14-year group (28.28%), but the difference was not statistically significant (p < 0.05). Of all the samples, 334 were also submitted to parasitological methods (direct, Hoffman, and Faust et al.). There were discordant results between ELISA and parasitological methods in 83 samples (24.85%), with more positive results using ELISA. Our results thus suggest that intestinal amebiasis is an important public health problem in Greater Metropolitan Belém.
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Pinheiro SMB, Maciel RF, Morais MA, Aca IS, Carvalho LB, Coimbra MRM. Genetic characterization of Entamoeba dispar isolates in Northeast Brazil. Acta Trop 2005; 94:35-40. [PMID: 15777694 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2005.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2004] [Revised: 12/23/2004] [Accepted: 01/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The genetic variability of Entamoeba dispar strains was investigated in 39 positive isolates on a survey of 1783 individuals from two different cities of Northeast Brazil (Recife and Macaparana) using two polymorphic species-specific loci (loci 1-2 and 5-6). A combinatory clustering analysis revealed no geographical correlation and remarkable genetic polymorphism among all the isolates examined. Nevertheless, a comparison of the frequency of eight individual PCR products, shared by both Recife and Macaparana populations, for the two loci, showed that only one product of locus 5-6 was significantly different between the two cities. These results suggested that the Macaparana population is infected by similar strains and that locus 5-6 shows potential in assaying questions related to the molecular epidemiology of this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M B Pinheiro
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Hooshyar H, Rezaian M, Kazemi B. Distribution and differential diagnosis of Entamoeba histolytica from Entamoeba dispar by the PCR-RFLP method in Central Iran. Ann Saudi Med 2003; 23:363-6. [PMID: 16868369 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2003.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar are two morphologically indistinguishable human protozoan parasites that are genetically distinct species. The potential invasive pathogenic Entamoeba histolytica and non-invasive parasite Entamoeba dispar can be differentiated by molecular and other methods. We used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to determine the ratio of the two species in a population in Tehran and Karaj in central Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human stool samples (n=12 148) were randomly collected in Tehran and Karaj and examined for E. histolytica/E. dispar cysts with direct and formalin-ether methods. Eighty-seven (0.7%) cases were positive, of which 49 (62.8%) isolates were successfully cultured in Robinson s medium. A pair of oligonucleotide primers designed from sequence data for genomic DNA coding the 30-KD surface antigen of E. histolytica/E. dispar was used to amplify a 374 base-pair (bp) fragment. The electrophoretic pattern of the PCR product digested with Hinfl restriction enzyme was used for differentiation of the two species. RESULTS The restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) pattern obtained from a standard E. histolytica isolate had two fragments (219 bp and 155 bp), but the standard isolate of E. dispar showed three fragments (155, 152 and 67 bp). Differential diagnosis of 49 isolates of E. histolytica/E. dispar from Tehran and Karaj using PCR-RFLP revealed that 46 (93.9%) were E. dispar while only 2 (4.1%) were E. histolytica. One person (2%) had a mixed infection and showed both patterns. CONCLUSION The differential diagnosis of the potentially pathogenic parasite E. histolytica from the non-pathogenic E. dispar is of clinical and epidemiological importance. This study demonstrated that E. dispar is much more prevalent than E. histolytica among the cyst passers in Tehran and Karaj in Central Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Hooshyar
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Braga LL, Gomes ML, Silva MW, Paiva C, Sales A, Mann BJ. Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar infections as detected by monoclonal antibody in an urban slum in Fortaleza, Northeastern Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2001; 34:467-71. [PMID: 11600913 DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86822001000500010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study the authors used the Elisa-based antigen detection tests that distinguish E. histolytica from E. dispar to examine the prevalence of E. histolytica infection in individuals from an urban slum in Fortaleza, Northeastern, Brazil. This test has a sensitivity and specificity that is comparable to PCR and isoenzyme analysis, which is the gold standard. Single stools samples were obtained from 735 individuals. The prevalence of E. histolytica infection was 14.9% (110/735) and 25.4%(187/735) for E. dispar-E. histolytica complex. The most affected age group for E. histolytica /E. histolytica-E. dispar infection was the 1-5 year olds but there was no remarkable decrease with age. There was no significant difference in colonization rates between males and females. The results from this survey demonstrate that E. histolytica is highly prevalent in the Community studied. Furthermore, it offers promise for the antigen detection test as a sensitive and technically simple tool for detecting E. histolytica infection in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Braga
- Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.
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Tachibana H, Cheng XJ. Entamoeba dispar: cloning and characterization of peroxiredoxin genes. Exp Parasitol 2000; 94:51-5. [PMID: 10631082 DOI: 10.1006/expr.1999.4461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Tachibana
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan.
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Motta CM, Beltrão EI, Amorim RV, Carvalho Júnior LB. Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar in the northeast Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 1997; 39:365-6. [PMID: 9674291 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46651997000600012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Tachibana H, Kobayashi S, Kaneda Y, Takeuchi T, Fujiwara T. Preparation of a monoclonal antibody specific for Entamoeba dispar and its ability to distinguish E. dispar from E. histolytica. CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY 1997; 4:409-14. [PMID: 9220156 PMCID: PMC170542 DOI: 10.1128/cdli.4.4.409-414.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A monoclonal antibody (MAb), MAb ED17 (immunoglobulin G2a [IgG2a]), prepared against trophozoites of Entamoeba dispar SAW1734RclAR cultured monoxenically with Crithidia fasciculata, reacted with 25 of 26 isolates of E. dispar by an indirect fluorescent-antibody test. In contrast, the MAb failed to react with any of 20 isolates of E. histolytica or other enteric protozoan parasites. Western blot (immunoblot) analysis showed that the molecular mass of the E. dispar antigen recognized by the MAb was 160 kDa under reduced conditions. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed that the antigen was mainly located on digested C. fasciculata, but not on undigested organisms. Double staining with a mixture of MAb ED17 and MAb 4G6 (an IgG1 MAb which reacts exclusively with E. histolytica), followed by incubation with a mixture of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled anti-mouse IgG2a and tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate-labeled anti-mouse IgG1 antibodies, simultaneously identified mixed populations of E. dispar and E. histolytica. This method may prove to be useful for the accurate identification of E. dispar and E. histolytica, even in mixed infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tachibana
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan.
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Gomes MA, Melo MN, Pena GP, Silva EF. Virulence parameters in the characterization of strains of Entamoeba histolytica. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 1997; 39:65-9. [PMID: 9394517 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46651997000200001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Differences in virulence of strains of Entamoeba histolytica have long been detected by various experimental assays, both in vivo and in vitro. Discrepancies in the strains characterization have been arisen when different biological assays are compared. In order to evaluate different parameters of virulence in the strains characterization, five strains of E. histolytica, kept under axenic culture, were characterized in respect to their, capability to induce hamster liver abscess, erythrophagocytosis rate and cytopathic effect upon VERO cells. It was found significant correlation between in vitro biological assays, but not between in vivo and in vitro assays. Good correlation was found between cytopathic effect and the mean number of uptaken erythrocytes, but not with percentage of phagocytic amoebae, showing that great variability can be observed in the same assay, according to the variable chosen. It was not possible to correlate isoenzyme and restriction fragment pattern with virulence indexes since all studied strains presented pathogenic patterns. The discordant results observed in different virulence assays suggests that virulence itself may not the directly assessed. What is in fact assessed are different biological characteristics or functions of the parasite more than virulence itself. These characteristics or functions may be related or not with pathogenic mechanisms occurring in the development of invasive amoebic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Gomes
- Dep. Parasitologia, ICB/UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
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Alencar LCAD, Magalhães V, Melo VMD, Aka I, Magalhães M, Kobayashi S. Ausência de amebíase invasiva em aidéticos homossexuais masculinos, no Recife. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 1996. [DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86821996000400002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Estudou-se a incidência da Entamoeba histolytica entre aidéticos homossexuais masculinos com o objetivo de determinar se entre esses pacientes o protozoário, incapaz de produzir doença na população geral do Recife, causaria amebíase invasiva. Dos 77 pacientes incluídos na investigação, apenas um (1,3%) albergava a E. histolytica. A eletroforese em gel de amido da linhagem, isolada mostrou um perfil de isoenzimas compatível com o zimodema 1, não patogênico. Além disso, nenhum dos pacientes examinados apresentou no soro anticorpos anti-ameba, verificados pelos testes de precipitação em ágar e imunoenzimático. Estes resultados mostraram que, mesmo entre indivíduos de sistema imunológico comprometido, as linhagens de E. histolytica prevalentes no Recife carecem de potencialidades patogênicas. Não se justifica, portanto, o emprego do metronidazol nos portadores de cistos de ameba, sejam eles aidéticos ou não.
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Tibayrenc M. Population genetics of parasitic protozoa and other microorganisms. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 1995; 36:47-115. [PMID: 7484468 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-308x(08)60490-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Tibayrenc
- UMR CNRS/ORSTOM 9926, Génétique moléculaire des Parasites et des ORSTOM, Centre de Montpellier, France
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Cheng XJ, Tachibana H, Kobayashi S, Kaneda Y, Huang MY. Pathogenicity of Entamoeba histolytica isolates from Shanghai, China. Parasitol Res 1993; 79:608-10. [PMID: 8278345 DOI: 10.1007/bf00932247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- X J Cheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
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Agatsuma T, Hirai H, Ochoa JO, Tada I. Typing of Simulium using mitochondrial DNA PCR products with restriction endonuclease digestion. ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY 1993; 87:307-9. [PMID: 8257244 DOI: 10.1080/00034983.1993.11812772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Agatsuma
- Department of Parasitology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan
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Tachibana H, Kobayashi S, Okuzawa E, Masuda G. Detection of pathogenic Entamoeba histolytica DNA in liver abscess fluid by polymerase chain reaction. Int J Parasitol 1992; 22:1193-6. [PMID: 1487381 DOI: 10.1016/0020-7519(92)90042-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive method for detection of pathogenic Entamoeba histolytica DNA in drained fluids from liver abscess patients, using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), has been developed. The PCR employs oligonucleotide primers specific for the gene encoding the 30 kDa molecule of pathogenic E. histolytica. Liver abscess fluids (19 samples), from 14 patients with a presumptive amebic liver abscess, were examined microscopically and by the PCR method. Only two of the 19 samples were positive microscopically, whereas all 19 samples tested positive by PCR. This technique can be used to confirm the diagnosis of amebic liver abscess.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tachibana
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
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